Moral Status and Moral Significance

This chapter discusses the relations between moral status (or standing) and what the author calls moral significance. Something has moral significance just in case it morally counts for its own sake, or is something that must be taken into consideration in itself when moral judgments about what ought or ought not to be done are made. The chapter argues that the moral status of something is dependent on what is morally significant about it. Nothing can have moral status if there is not anything morally significant about it. On the other hand, something can be morally significant, even though it does not have moral status. The notion of moral significance is then the more fundamental notion and the notion of moral status could be dispensed with. In fact, it would simplify and clarify matters if it were dispensed with.

Strongly Continuous Representations in the Hilbert Space: A Far-Reaching Concept

We revisit the fundamental notion of continuity in representation theory, with special attention to the study of quantum physics. After studying the main theorem in the context of representation theory, we draw attention to the significant aspect of continuity in the analytic foundations of Wigner’s work. We conclude the paper by reviewing the connection between continuity, the possibility of defining certain local groups, and their relation to projective representations.

Sublime Experience for Sustainable Underground Space: Integration of the Artists’ Works in Chichu Art Museum

This paper investigates a vision of the underground environment associated with an aesthetic discipline. Its fundamental notion is sublimity, which was a phenomenon that involved a number of artworks engaged with changing the perception of the underground experience. This paper seeks to clarify how the idea of the living environment underground has changed by examining the works of writers, painters, and architects who have drawn inspiration from the concept of imaginary underworlds. Through a case study of the Chichu Art Museum, a representative underground space in terms of a sustainable relationship between architectural spaces and nature that could be experienced as sublime, this paper considers how to integrate visitors to distribute their awareness of artists’ work. It also stimulates visitors’ perceptions of a more sustainable future through sublime experiences, offering a way to understand underground integration with artworks. Therefore, this paper contributes to the knowledge of the relationship between architecture and artwork by increasing the aesthetic value of the underground space and considering how art intervenes in architecture to create a sustainable didactic.

Exploration of Solutions for an Exponential Diophantine Equation px+ (p +1)y= z2

In this text, the exclusive exponential Diophantine equation px + (p + 1)y= z2such that the sum of integer powers and of two consecutive prime numbers engrosses a square is examined or estimating enormous integer solutions by exploiting the fundamental notion of Mathematics and the speculation of divisibility or all possibilities of x + y = 1, 2, 3, 4..

Taking the Historical-Social Dimension Seriously: A Reply to Bandini et al.

In our recent article, "Where Does Cumulative Culture Begin? A Plea for a Sociologically Informed Perspective" (Haidle and Schlaudt in Biol Theory 15:161–174, 2020) we commented on a fundamental notion in current approaches to cultural evolution, the “zones of latent solutions” (henceforth ZLS), and proposed a modification of it, namely a social and dynamic interpretation of the latent solutions which were originally introduced within an individualistic framework and as static, genetically fixed entities. This modification seemed, and still seems, relevant to us and, in particular, more adequate for coping with the archaeological record. Bandini et al. (Biol Theory, 2021) rejected our proposition and deemed it unnecessary. In their critique, they focused on: (1) our reservations about an individualistic approach; (2) our objections to the presumption of fully naive individuals; and (3) our demand for an extended consideration of forms of social learning simpler than emulation and imitation. We will briefly reply to their critique in order to clarify some misunderstandings. However, the criticisms also show that we are at an impasse on certain crucial topics, such as the meaning of ZLS and the scope and nature of culture in general. Thus, we consider it necessary to make an additional effort to identify the conceptual roots which are at the very basis of the dissent with Bandini et al.

Derecho a la Salud: recurso extraordinario y arbitrariedad

El caso en análisis, que plantea un conflicto entre un particular y su obra social por la cobertura de una prótesis importada, nos remite a cuestiones que, están íntimamente ligadas con el derecho a la salud, tanto de índole procesal como sustancial. Ello así, analizaremos - en primer lugar - las nociones fundamentales sobre el derecho a la salud y particularmente su vinculación con los conflictos entre afiliados y obras sociales. Por otra parte, ahondaremos en la acción de amparo como la vía idónea para encaminar los reclamos tendientes a obtener la tutela efectiva del derecho a la salud. Profundizaremos las exigencias para su admisibilidad y revisaremos si las limitaciones procesales propias de aquella acción son compatibles con el derecho de defensa de las obras sociales. Nos abocaremos también al estudio del criterio de nuestro Supremo Tribunal con respecto de arbitrariedad de sentencias denegatorias de recursos. Por último, analizaremos el voto en disidencia del Dr. Rosatti y las cuestiones procesales derivadas del mismo. The case under analysis, which raises a conflict between a person and his health insurance for the coverage of an imported prosthesis, refers us to issues that are closely linked to the right to health, both procedural and substantial in nature. In this way, wewillanalyze - in the first place - the fundamental notion saboutt he right to health and particular lyits link with the conflicts bet ween affiliates and health insurance companies. On the other hand, we will delve into the amparo proceedings as the ideal way to direct claims aimed at obtaining effective protection of the right to health. We will deepen the requirements for its admissibility and review if the procedural limitations of that action are compatible with the right of defense of health insurance companies. We will also study the criteria of our Supreme Court regarding arbitrariness of judgments denying appeals. Finally, we will analyze the dissenting vote of Rosatti and the procedural issues derived from it.

Norms in AVT

The main objective of this article is to review the concept of norm in Audiovisual Translation (AVT), a concept which has been subject to a dual approach when using it, both a descriptive one and a prescriptive one. The review proposed in this article is intended to be twofold: descriptive and critical. A descriptive approach will be the focus in the first two sections of the paper, where the history and evolution of the concept is analysed. A more critical stance is then adopted in the following two sections of the paper. The dual orientation of the concept of norm is highlighted in Section 3. The hypothetical application of norm theory to professional practices for the main modes within AVT has in most cases taken the form of guidelines, the result of a pure prescriptive approach. This discussion is covered in Section 4. The final fifth section summarizes the review, while pointing out the great significance of this fundamental notion within the field of AVT. All in all, the concept has proven to be successful and long-lasting, and it is mainly accepted that norms obtained from empirical research should give rise to guidelines for professional practice in translation.

The double life of language systems: Modelling sonority with complementary symbol and signal based models

Sonority is a fundamental notion in phonetics and phonology, central to many descriptions of the syllable and evidently useful as a predictor of phonotactics (i.e., the propensity of different consonants and vowels to combine via concatenation). Although widely-accepted, sonority lacks a clear basis in speech articulation or perception, and traditional sonority principles exhibit gaps in empirical coverage, while they are also not designed to be compatible with general cognitive capacities. Against the backdrop of traditional sonority accounts, which have been exclusively based on discrete and symbolic machinery to model sonority, we propose an incorporation of symbol-based and signal-based models to adequately account for sonority with two complementary models. We claim that sonority is primarily a perceptual phenomenon related to the strength and quality of pitch perception, postulating a universal drive to optimize syllables as pitch-bearing units. We suggest a measurable acoustic correlate for sonority in terms of periodic energy, and we provide a novel principle that can account for syllabic well-formedness based on principles of competition in real-time; the Nucleus Attraction Principle (NAP). We present two perception experiments that test our two NAP-based models against four traditional sonority models and we use a Bayesian data analysis approach to test and compare the different sonority models. We show that our two NAP models retain the highest degree of complementarity while one of them is clearly superior to all the other models we tested. We interpret the results as providing strong support for our proposals: (i) the designation of periodic energy as sonority's correlate; (ii) the incorporation of continuity in phonological models, and; (iii) the dual-model strategy that separates and integrates symbol-based top-down processes and signal-based bottom-up processes.

Category theory

This chapter aims to introduce sufficient category theory to enable a formal understanding of the rest of the book. It first introduces the fundamental notion of a category. It then introduces functors, which are maps between categories. Next it introduces natural transformations, which are natural ways of mapping between functors. The stage is then set to at last introduces monads, which are defined in terms of functors and natural transformations. The last part of the chapter provides a compositional calculus with monads for natural language semantics (in other words, a logic for working with monads) and then relates the compositional calculus to Glue Semantics and to a very simple categorial grammar for parsing. The chapter ends with some exercises to aid understanding.

Revisiting the Notion of Extension over Incomplete Abstract Argumentation Frameworks

We revisit the notion of i-extension, i.e., the adaption of the fundamental notion of extension to the case of incomplete Abstract Argumentation Frameworks. We show that the definition of i-extension raises some concerns in the "possible" variant, e.g., it allows even conflicting arguments to be collectively considered as members of an (i-)extension. Thus, we introduce the alternative notion of i*-extension overcoming the highlighted problems, and provide a thorough complexity characterization of the corresponding verification problem. Interestingly, we show that the revisitation not only has beneficial effects for the semantics, but also for the complexity: under various semantics, the verification problem under the possible perspective moves from NP-complete to P.