scholarly journals Fluoxetina: profilo terapeutico e farmacoeconomico di un prodotto generico

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-152
Author(s):  
Carlo Della Pepa ◽  
Mario Eandi
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Antidepressive Agent ◽  
Great Advance

Fluoxetine has been the first antidepressive agent of the class of selective serotonine reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) to be introduced in therapy, back in 1987. The availability of SSRIs has meant a great advance in the treatment of major depression and other neuro-psychiatric pathologies. In this paper we review the scientific and clinical research on fluoxetine that has been published in the last six years, as the prior work has been extensively examined in a review conducted on the tenth anniversary of its introduction on the market. The review focuses on cost minimization strategies that can be conducted following the introduction of low cost generic fluoxetine.

From transaction costs to transaction value: Overcoming the frictional paradigm

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-81
Author(s):  
D. P. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Path Dependence ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coase Theorem ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Transaction Sector ◽  
Transaction Value

The transaction cost economics has accumulated a mass of dogmatic concepts and assertions that have acquired high stability under the influence of path dependence. These include the dogma about transaction costs as frictions, the dogma about the unproductiveness of transactions as a generator of losses, “Stigler—Coase” theorem and the logic of transaction cost minimization, and also the dogma about the priority of institutions providing low-cost transactions. The listed dogmas underlie the prevailing tradition of transactional analysis the frictional paradigm — which, in turn, is the foundation of neo-institutional theory. Therefore, the community of new institutionalists implicitly blocks attempts of a serious revision of this dogmatics. The purpose of the article is to substantiate a post-institutional (alternative to the dominant neo-institutional discourse) value-oriented perspective for the development of transactional studies based on rethinking and combining forgotten theoretical alternatives. Those are Commons’s theory of transactions, Wallis—North’s theory of transaction sector, theory of transaction benefits (T. Sandler, N. Komesar, T. Eggertsson) and Zajac—Olsen’s theory of transaction value. The article provides arguments and examples in favor of broader explanatory possibilities of value-oriented transactional analysis.

Quality Improvement or Research—Deciding Which Road to Take

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Stausmire
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Critical Care Nurses ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Care Nurse ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Quality Patient Care ◽  
Broad Overview

Critical care nurses are constantly challenged to provide safe, high-quality patient care at a low cost with increasingly scarce resources while implementing the latest evidence-based practices into their own clinical practice. This article is the first in a 4-part series to provide a practical quality improvement guide for critical care nurses interested in implementing system process or performance improvement projects within their own units. Part 1 is designed to answer the question “What method is better for measuring real-world patient outcomes—quality improvement or clinical research?” A broad overview of the differences between quality improvement and clinical research is provided. A newly published checklist to differentiate between attributes of each process is introduced, and readers can test their own knowledge between quality improvement and research with a quick quiz of studies recently published in Critical Care Nurse.

A Wheelchair Dynamometer

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Thacker ◽  
J. R. O’Reagan ◽  
J. H. Aylor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Uses ◽  
Patient Performance ◽  
Wheelchair Dynamometer

This paper describes the design of a low-cost wheelchair dynamometer used to evaluate patient performance while using their own wheelchairs. Specifications are listed and details of the overall system including controlling schemes are given. Representative clinical research is listed. The multiple uses of the dynamometer system are discussed.

scholarly journals A New Pricing Scheme for Controlling Energy Storage Devices in Future Smart Grid

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Zhu ◽  
Michael Z. Q. Chen ◽  
Baozhu Du
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Pricing Scheme

Improvement of the overall efficiency of energy infrastructure is one of the main anticipated benefits of the deployment of smart grid technology. Advancement in energy storage technology and two-way communication in the electric network are indispensable components to achieve such a vision, while efficient pricing schemes and appropriate storage management are also essential. In this paper, we propose a universal pricing scheme which permits one to indirectly control the energy storage devices in the grid to achieve a more desirable aggregate demand profile that meets a particular target of the grid operator such as energy generation cost minimization and carbon emission reduction. Such a pricing scheme can potentially be applied to control the behavior of energy storage devices installed for integration of intermittent renewable energy sources that have permission to grid connection and will have broader applications as an increasing number of novel and low-cost energy storage technologies emerge.

Routine Low-Cost Pathology Tests: Measuring the Value in Use of Bacteriology Tests in Hospital and Primary Care

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Szczepura
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Clinical Services ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Utility Cost ◽  
The Cost

The introduction of a managed market in health care in the NHS will encourage managers and clinicians to examine clinical services, such as pathology, more closely. However, simple cost-minimization may not be sufficient; the recent Audit Commission report on pathology emphasises a need to measure and monitor cost-effectiveness of clinical services such as pathology. This paper presents the findings of a study to measure the cost-effectiveness of one routine pathology test; the culture and antibiotic susceptibility test performed by all microbiology laboratories. Over 2,900 requests were examined and test results tracked in hospitals and general practices served by three laboratories. The findings show that, although average test costs are low for the three main user groups (£4.3–5.9), the cost of producing an effect on patient management (change to therapy) is high at £54–67. In addition to therapy changes, the one major effect recorded was that of clinician reassurance. If all measured effects are weighted by their reported clinical utility, cost-utility ratios of £27.0 ± £1.0, £45.5 ± £4.5 and £44.5 ± £3.5 per patient management effect are calculated for general practitioner, outpatient and inpatient use respectively. A theoretical model is presented which will allow the comparative cost-effectiveness of a range of routine diagnostic tests to be measured through the use of a test-utility index, similar to the health index which is currently used to measure the outcome of medical interventions (QALYs).

scholarly journals What Do We Know about Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Major Depression?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Derrick Matthew Buchanan ◽  
Philippe Robaey ◽  
Amedeo D’Angiulli
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Non Invasive

The interest in using non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) for the treatment of major depression (MD), including treatment resistant depression, is growing rapidly. The paper by Bennabi and Haffen (Brain Sci. 2018, 8) was an important step towards the formal acceptance of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a possible form of therapy. Their review demonstrated favourable support for the beneficial effects of tDCS for MD, coupled with necessary practical considerations, such as its relatively low cost, portability/ease of use in clinical settings, non-invasiveness, and good tolerability. Here, we provide a follow-up to their review and sketch a current update. Means for optimizing tDCS efficacy and potential limitations of current studies are discussed.

Closing the cycle of innovation in healthcare in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Hulstaert ◽  
Alric Ruether ◽  
Jacques Demotes ◽  
Øyvind Melien
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public Health Decision ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Health Decision

AbstractPragmatic or practice-oriented comparative effectiveness trials may be conducted to fill the evidence gaps that are revealed after the private sector has performed the trials needed for bringing their product to the market. A tool of increasing importance to identify such evidence gaps is resulting from health technology assessments (HTA) whereby the data derived from clinical research are examined in a systematic manner with reference to effect, safety, as well as additional parameters. Practice-oriented trials are informative for healthcare decision makers, practice-changing and may even be cost-saving for the healthcare payers. There are however only a limited number of funding sources for such trials. Public and private healthcare payers should stimulate the conduct of practice-oriented trials in their effort to maximize patient benefit within the limitation of the available resources. Pragmatic randomized trials can be performed at low cost when based on existing coded electronic health records and as well health registries. Public health decision makers are increasingly taking advantage of results from health technology assessments to support priority setting. In accordance with this it would appear reasonable that decision makers should get more involved in priority setting and funding also in the field of clinical research in order to provide further evidence needed for assessments, reassessments, and subsequent qualified decisions and resource allocations in health care. A closer dialogue and collaboration between the clinical research and HTA communities would facilitate a more efficient utilization of such opportunities.

People Watch

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Chief Operating Officer

Medicilon/MPI Pre-clinical Research-Shanghai Announces New President and Chief Operating Officer. Singapore Honors Dutch Scientist for Low-cost Waste Water Treatment. New CEO for AVA. Spain's Minister for Health and Consumer Affairs Visits Singapore.

scholarly journals E-survey with researchers, members of ethics committees and sponsors of clinical research in Brazil: an emerging methodology for scientific research

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Mansoldo Dainesi ◽  
Moisés Goldbaum
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
University Degree ◽  
Age Range

INTRODUCTION: The growth of Internet users enables epidemiological studies to be conducted electronically, representing a promising methodology for data collection. METHODS: Members of Ethics Committees, Clinical Researchers and Sponsors were interviewed using questionnaires sent over the Internet. Along with the questionnaire, participants received a message explaining the survey and also the informed consent. Returning the questionnaire meant the consent of the participant was given. No incentive was offered; two reminders were sent. RESULTS: The response rate was 21% (124/599), 20% (58/290) and 45% (24/53) respectively for Ethics Committees, Researchers and Sponsors. The percentage of return before the two reminders was about 62%. Reasons for non-response: participant not found, refusal to participate, lack of experience in clinical research or in the therapeutic field. Characteristics of participants: 45% of Ethics Committee participants, 64% of Researchers and 63% of Sponsors were male; mean age (range), respectively: 47 (28-74), 53 (24-72) and 40 (29-65) years. Among Researchers and Sponsors, all respondents had at least a university degree and, in the Ethics Committees group, only two (1.7%) did not have one. Most of the questionnaires in all groups came from the Southeast Region of Brazil, probably reflecting the highest number of clinical trials and research professionals in this region. CONCLUSION: Despite the potential limitations of a survey done through the Internet, this study led to a response rate similar to what has been observed with other models, efficiency in obtaining responses (speed and quality), convenience for respondents and low cost.

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