Social Network Analysis of Early Classic Hohokam Corporate Group Inequality

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Pailes
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Corporate Group ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Cerro Prieto ◽  
Group Success

Network analysis provides a unique approach for archaeologists to identify structural relationships between the emergent properties of social interactions and the trajectory of corporate groups. This article presents the results of a survey of architectural features and a network analysis of walkways between house clusters at the thirteenth-century Hohokam site of Cerro Prieto, located in the Tucson Basin, Arizona. Statistical measures suggest that nascent inequality was developing at this site, making it an excellent case study of the factors that led to the emergence of economic and social differentiation. Network analysis provides a means to explain how corporate groups were able to leverage social connections in their struggle for ascendance in these spheres of interaction. Regardless of the strategy of social ascendance, a simple increase in the opportunity to influence others appears to explain a large portion of differential corporate group success.

scholarly journals Emerging properties of malaria transmission and persistence in urban Accra, Ghana: Evidence from a participatory system approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merveille Koissi Koissi Savi ◽  
Daniel Callo-Concha ◽  
Henri E.Z. Tonnang ◽  
Christian Borgemeister
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Bed Nets ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Leverage Points ◽  
Insecticide Treated Bed Nets

Abstract Several studies that aim to enhance the understanding of malaria transmission and persistence in urban settings failed to address its underlining complexity. We aim at doing that by applying a qualitative and participatory-based system analysis and mapping to elicit the system’s emergent properties. In two experts’ workshops, we sketched and refined the system, which was represented through a causal loop diagram, where the identification of leverage points was done using network analysis. We found 45 determinants interplaying through 56 linkages, and identified three subsystems: urbanization-related transmission, infection-prone behavior and healthcare efficiency, and Plasmodium resistance. Apart from the number of breeding sites and malaria positive cases, other determinants such as drug prescription and the awareness of householders were identified by the network analysis as leverage points and emergent properties of the system of transmission and persistence of malaria. Based on our findings, we suggest that ongoing efforts to control malaria, such as the use of insecticide-treated bed nets and larvicide applications should continue, and include new ones focusing on the public awareness and malaria literacy of city dwellers. We found that our participatory approach strengthened the legitimacy of the recommendations and the co-learning of participants.

Network Science and International Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev Maoz
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Network Science ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Network analysis has been one of the fastest-growing approaches to the study of politics in general and the study of international politics in particular. Network analysis relies on several key assumptions: (a) relations are interdependent, (b) complex relations give rise to emergent and unintended structures, (c) agents’ choices affect structure and structure affects agents’ choices, and (d) once we understand the emergent properties of a system and the interrelations between agents and structure, we can generalize across levels of analysis. These assumptions parallel many of the key features of international relations. Key contributions of network analysis helps shed light on important puzzles in the study and research of international relations. Specifically, (a) network analytic studies helped refine many key concepts and measures of various aspects of international politics; (b) network analysis helped unpack structures of interdependence, uncovering endogenous network effects that have caused biased inferences of dyadic behavior; (c) network analytic studies have shed light on important aspects of emergent structures and previously unrealized units of analysis (e.g., endogenous groups); and (d) network analytic studies helped resolve multiple puzzles, wherein results found at one level of analysis contradicted those found at other levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (16) ◽  
pp. E2093-E2101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Bota ◽  
Olaf Sporns ◽  
Larry W. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Axonal Connections ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Temporal Pole ◽  
Voluntary Behavior ◽  
Cortical Regions

Cognition presumably emerges from neural activity in the network of association connections between cortical regions that is modulated by inputs from sensory and state systems and directs voluntary behavior by outputs to the motor system. To reveal global architectural features of the cortical association connectome, network analysis was performed on >16,000 reports of histologically defined axonal connections between cortical regions in rat. The network analysis reveals an organization into four asymmetrically interconnected modules involving the entire cortex in a topographic and topologic core–shell arrangement. There is also a topographically continuous U-shaped band of cortical areas that are highly connected with each other as well as with the rest of the cortex extending through all four modules, with the temporal pole of this band (entorhinal area) having the most cortical association connections of all. These results provide a starting point for compiling a mammalian nervous system connectome that could ultimately reveal novel correlations between genome-wide association studies and connectome-wide association studies, leading to new insights into the cellular architecture supporting cognition.

Tribal Feasting in Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Group Formation ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Corporate Group ◽  
Hill Tribe ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Way

Vietnam has an unusual number and diversity of hill tribe groups. Some of these still lived in long houses until recently. These groups provided important information on how feasting differed in communities dominated by corporate groups. Residential corporate groups constitute important phenomena in prehistoric archaeology. This chapter tries to address reasons for corporate group formation, variability in corporate group organization and dynamics, and reasons for abandoning residential corporate group lifestyles. Defense and elder control via bridewealth are viewed as the main proximate reasons for creating corporate groups, while aggrandizer strategies based on self-interest provide the ultimate reasons for their creation. This chapter describes the dynamics of corporate groups and the way in which feasting patterns help create these organizations among the Rhadé, Monong, and Ta Oi. Benefits for member families are also discussed.

Network Analysis for International Relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton ◽  
Miles Kahler ◽  
Alexander H. Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Precise Description ◽  
International Networks ◽  
Exit Options ◽  
Network Power

International relations research has regarded networks as a particular mode of organization, distinguished from markets or state hierarchies. In contrast, network analysis permits the investigation and measurement of network structures—emergent properties of persistent patterns of relations among agents that can define, enable, and constrain those agents. Network analysis offers both a toolkit for identifying and measuring the structural properties of networks and a set of theories, typically drawn from contexts outside international relations, that relate structures to outcomes. Network analysis challenges conventional views of power in international relations by defining network power in three different ways: access, brokerage, and exit options. Two issues are particularly important to international relations: the ability of actors to increase their power by enhancing and exploiting their network positions, and the fungibility of network power. The value of network analysis in international relations has been demonstrated in precise description of international networks, investigation of network effects on key international outcomes, testing of existing network theory in the context of international relations, and development of new sources of data. Partial or faulty incorporation of network analysis, however, risks trivial conclusions, unproven assertions, and measures without meaning. A three-part agenda is proposed for future application of network analysis to international relations: import the toolkit to deepen research on international networks; test existing network theories in the domain of international relations; and test international relations theories using the tools of network analysis.

scholarly journals Tsunami early warning chain assessment utilizing social network analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 916 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
I Fardani ◽  
F B Emirul
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
A Value ◽  
The People ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
The Social

Abstract The application of rapid and accurate disaster early warning information has served as the key to successful mitigation for natural disaster. For example, in a tsunami disaster condition, precise information from authorized stakeholders must be immediately and accurately conveyed to the people potentially affected by the disaster. However, in practice in the field, the disseminated information has been however uncertain, failing to reach the lowest level of society. For this reason, a study is required to identify the information network that existed in the community when the tsunami disaster occurred. One method in determining this information includes Social Network Analysis (SNA), referring to a study method of structural relationships among the interacting network members, involving: individuals, organizations, or institutions. In this study, a survey was conducted to 90 respondents at the disaster location. From the results, it was found that 14 actors were involved in disseminating information on the tsunami disaster in the lowest community. The result of the Social Network Analysis indicated that the value of the degree of centrality, actor of mosque information obtained the highest value of 0.231, implementing that most of the community at the lowest level received tsunami information from announcements disseminated through information from mosques. Meanwhile, the lowest value of network closeness centrality was hamlet (RT/RW), having a value of 0.876, indicating that information from the mosque was beneficial as disaster early warning information. Upon calculating the degree of centrality and closeness at the lowest level of society, information from mosques and hamlet (RT/RW) serves as the most influential actor in disseminating tsunami information in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia.

scholarly journals Hanoi Old Quarter Houses: A View for Bayesian Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Dieu Quynh
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
History Of

The mentioning of Hanoi – the capital city of Vietnam and the land of thousand years of civilization – depicts among both locals and tourists the image of the ‘Sword Lake’ with its ancient ‘Turtle Tower’ and the charming Old Quarter with its preserved shop-houses lying along small ancient commercial alleys. The houses in the old quarter constructed over a century ago which feature tube houses with inclined tile roofs and a blend of French architecture create the infusions of history and memory. One can easily find abundant research done on these townhouses, either in the collectibles of many authors, the quintessential drawings of talented painters, or in publications on the history of the Old Quarter. Among these, the recent work by Vuong et al. (2019) adds an extremely interesting view of the architectural features of Hanoi’s ancient townhouses as these features are viewed as dependent and independent variables. The study titled ‘Cultural evolution in Vietnam’s early 20th century: A Bayesian network analysis of Hanoi Franco- Chinese house designs’ aims to find traces of cultural evolution in the early 20th century in Vietnam and highlight the most notable elements that affect the Vietnamese people’s perception of cultural evolutions.

scholarly journals Working Across Faultlines—Assessing Intersubgroup Communication in Teams

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Straube ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intergroup Processes ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
Group Success

Communication between different subgroups is essential to group success, as different perspectives and knowledge need to be integrated. Especially when subgroups form due to faultlines, hypothetical dividing lines splitting a group into homogeneous subgroups, the resulting subgroups are vulnerable to negative intergroup processes. In this article, we evaluate different methods that have been used to trace communication between faultline-based subgroups and discuss challenges that researchers face when applying those methods. We further present the faultline communication index (FCI) as a novel approach to meet those challenges. We combine techniques from social network analysis with a behavioral process approach to trace communication processes between subgroups and provide scholars with tools to integrate in their own research. We illustrate this approach by observing and coding real time interactions in 29 organizational meetings. Results show that although functional faultline strength does not impact information exchange between subgroups, intersubgroup interactions positively relate to the quality of action plans defined at the end of a meeting. Managers and practitioners who work with diverse teams can be given guidance on how communication between subgroups evolves and how it can be shaped to become more effective. We further discuss implications for future research on communication between subgroups.

Risky Business: Enterprise Liability, Corporate Groups and Torts

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-77
Author(s):  
Glen Wright
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
Business Enterprise ◽  
Corporate Groups ◽  
Corporate Group ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Risky Business ◽  
Corporate Personality

AbstractCorporate personality and limited liability have been the foundations of corporate law for most of its modern history. While these concepts greatly contributed to the early development of corporations, their application in the modern era is outmoded. Nowhere is this clearer than in ‘risky business’ scenarios, where a subsidiary is constituted for the purpose of shielding the corporate group as a whole from tortious liability arising from risky or dangerous activities. Tort victims generally must rely on ineffective and inconsistent common law and tort law doctrines in order to seek redress for torts committed against them, and a number of high profile cases have highlighted the flaws in such approaches. Many corporate law and tort scholars have commented on these flaws and a literature has developed proposing rational alternatives. This paper presents the case for adopting ‘enterprise liability’ in risky business situations, that is, treating the companies within a corporate group as one unified enterprise for the purposes of compensating tort victims.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document