scholarly journals Variation In Textural Properties Of Aplitic Kaolin From Kinta Valley

Warta Geologi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Ling Han Khong ◽  
◽  
Hareyani Zabidi ◽  
Kamar Shah Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Minor Amount ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
High Degree

Textural properties are among one of the fundamental characteristics especially important to be understood before suitable application(s) of a kaolin can be determined as they have direct influence on the other properties such as plasticity, brightness, firing and rheological behavior. This paper presents an investigation on the textural properties of aplitic kaolin from Kinta Valley. Two degritted kaolin samples from different location of Kinta Valley were measured for their particle size distribution by laser diffraction method. The samples were then classified into different size fractions followed by examination of their morphological property by various techniques which X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Generally, the kaolin can be classified into two different types based on the fine fraction content which may be consists of; i) delaminated platy kaolinite, or ii) tubular shaped halloysite. These fine fractions however constitute only to minor amount or not more than 12 % of the clays, as both clay consist predominantly of coarse book like kaolinite stacks. The degree of crystallinity of kaolinite samples shows a positive correlation to its particle size during examination by XRD, but FTIR spectrum shows a high degree of crystallinity for all kaolinite samples regardless of their particle size. Slight presence of halloysite is sufficient to give an adverse effect on the clay crystallinity index measured from XRD pattern. Sorting of the clay into different size and morphological fraction creates a product with less variation in properties between individual particles, and with more potential for tailoring or engineering of their properties.

scholarly journals Synthetic characterization and Structural Properties of Nanocellulose from Moringa oleifera seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Afolabi ◽  
S. S. Oluyamo ◽  
I. A. Fuwape
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Cellulose Crystal Structure ◽  
High Degree

In this research, nanocellulose is isolated from Moringa oleifera seed using acid hydrolysis and the structural properties were determined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used for the characterization of the isolated nanocellulose. The most noticeable peak is observed at  and the value of the crystallinity index () from the XRD pattern is 63.1%. The calculated values of  hydrogen bond intensity (HBI), lateral order index (LOI) and total crystalline index (TCI) are 0.93, 1.17and 0.94 respectively exhibited high degree of crystallinity and well arranged cellulose crystal structure. The isolated nanocellulose has an average length and diameter of 14.3 and 36.33 respectively. Furthermore, the FTIR peaks revealed the presence of C-H bending, C-O stretching and O-H stretching functional groups.

scholarly journals Synthetic Characterization of Cellulose from Moringa oleifera seeds and Potential Application in Water Purification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Afolabi ◽  
S. S. Oluyamo ◽  
I. A. Fuwape
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Bond Stretching ◽  
Stretching Vibration ◽  
High Degree

The use of Moringa oleifera seeds for purifying water has been attempted locally in various forms without putting scientific potency of the material into consideration. The cellulose sample isolated from Moringa {oleifera} seed was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The value of the crystallinity index (CIr ) from the XRD pattern is 63.1%. The high degree of crystallinity obtained is attributed to the high percentage of crystallinity index, CIr (i.e. 63.1%). The morphology revealed aggregates of conical and needle-like structure. The FTIR revealed O-H stretching, C-H stretching vibration, and C=O bond stretching functional groups. These characteristics are indicative of the potential of the material in water purification.

scholarly journals Chemical and Structural Characterization of Maize Stover Fractions in Aspect of Its Possible Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Magdalena Woźniak ◽  
Izabela Ratajczak ◽  
Dawid Wojcieszak ◽  
Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽  
Kinga Szentner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Maize Stover

In the last decade, an increasingly common method of maize stover management is to use it for energy generation, including anaerobic digestion for biogas production. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a chemical and structural characterization of maize stover fractions and, based on these parameters, to evaluate the potential application of these fractions, including forbiogas production. In the study, maize stover fractions, including cobs, husks, leaves and stalks, were used. The biomass samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction and analysis of elemental composition. Among all maize stover fractions, stalks showed the highest C:N ratio, degree of crystallinity and cellulose and lignin contents. The high crystallinity index of stalks (38%) is associated with their high cellulose content (44.87%). FTIR analysis showed that the spectrum of maize stalks is characterized by the highest intensity of bands at 1512 cm−1 and 1384 cm−1, which are the characteristic bands of lignin and cellulose. Obtained results indicate that the maize stover fraction has an influence on the chemical and structural parameters. Moreover, presented results indicate that stalks are characterized by the most favorable chemical parameters for biogas production.

Phase and Particle Size Analysis of SnO2 Nanomaterials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1109 ◽  
pp. 314-318
Author(s):  
Nor Diyana Abdul Aziz ◽  
Kelimah Elong ◽  
Norlida Kamarulzaman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Annealed Sample ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Particle Size Distributions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Sizer

Tin Oxide (SnO2) is a metal oxide which has many applications in industry. In this study, SnO2 powders were synthesized by a self-propagating combustion (SPC) method. The product was annealed at 800 °C for 12 and 24 h before characterizing with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) for phase studies. X-Ray Diffraction results showed that both samples are pure of tetragonal structure with space group P42/mnm. The sample annealed at a longer period, that is, 24 h, shows a higher degree of crystallinity compared to the 12 h annealed sample. It also shows a smaller full width at half maximum (FWHM), indicating larger crystallite size for the 24 h annealed sample. The particle size analysis reveals that there are two groups of particle size distributions for both samples. SEM results give values that are different from the particle sizer results due to the different nature of the measurement methods.

Heteroepitaxial Growth of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3/SrRuO3 on YSZ/Si by Off-Axis Sputtering

1994 ◽  
Vol 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Y. Hou ◽  
J. Kwo ◽  
R.K. Watts ◽  
J.-Y. Cheng ◽  
R.J. Cava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Heteroepitaxial Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dielectric Constant And Loss ◽  
Bst Films ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Room Temperature Dielectric Constant

ABSTRACTWe demonstrate an epitaxial heterostructure of Ba0.5Sr0.5 TiO3/SrRuO3/YSZ on Si for potential charge storage applications. The dielectric Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) and conductive oxide SrRuO3 are both grown (110) oriented on YSZ (100) buffered Si by 90° off-axis sputtering. These films showed a high degree of crystallinity with minimal interdiffusion at the interfaces as examined by X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and cross-section transmission electron microscopy. The in-plane epitaxial alignment of the films is BST/SRO 〈111〉 // YSZ 〈110〉 with a four-fold degeneracy. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of the epi-BST films are 360 and 0.01 at 10 kHz. The leakage current density is < 4×10∼−7 A/cm2 at 1 V. The room temperature dielectric constant (ε) of the BST films shows a roll-off in the 1–10 MHz range. This is attributed to the existence of a series resistance in the measurement circuit, which likely arises from the SrRuO3 electrode.

An Improved Method to Extract Crystalline Cellulose from Alternatives Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 128-130
Author(s):  
M. Sánchez ◽  
Mauro Cesar Terence ◽  
Juan Alfredo Guevara Carrió
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Crystallinity ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
High Cellulose

Crystalline cellulose can be obtained from alternative sources like waste wood by hydrolysis with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In this study we report a process for producing crystals with high cellulose crystallinity index of approximately 82%. We chose to work with eucalyptus FSC certified as a way to ensure the reproducibility of experiments. Said wood samples were subjected to acid hydrolysis with nitric acid. The resulting mass was dried out and measured by the X-ray diffraction method.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 364-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail F Butman ◽  
Nikolay L Ovchinnikov ◽  
Nikita S Karasev ◽  
Nataliya E Kochkina ◽  
Alexander V Agafonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pillared Montmorillonite ◽  
Degussa P25 ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
High Degree

We report on a new approach for the synthesis of TiO2-pillared montmorillonite, where the pillars exhibit a high degree of crystallinity (nanocrystals) representing a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The structures exhibit improved adsorption and photocatalytic activity as a result of hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes (i.e., TiCl4 hydrolysis products) in a solution with a concentration close to the sol formation limit. The materials, produced at various annealing temperatures from the intercalated samples, were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)/thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements, and liquefied nitrogen adsorption/desorption. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2-pillared materials was studied using the degradation of anionic (methyl orange, MO) and cationic (rhodamine B, RhB) dyes in water under UV irradiation. The combined effect of adsorption and photocatalysis resulted in removal of 100% MO and 97.5% RhB (with an initial concentration of 40 mg/L and a photocatalyst-sorbent concentration of 1 g/L) in about 100 minutes. The produced TiO2-pillared montmorillonite showed increased photocatalytic activity as compared to the commercially available photocatalyst Degussa P25.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF In-CONTAINING HIGH-SILICA ZEOLITE OF ZSM-5 TYPE

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Khasay R. Samedov ◽  
Ulviya A. Mamedova ◽  
Kerim G. Ragimov ◽  
Zarema A. Jabbarova
Keyword(s):  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Product ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Type Zeolite ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Tetrabutylammonium Iodide ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ratio Of Components

High silicate zeolite ZSM-5 on the basis of SiO2–In2O3–NaOH with an organic structure forming agent tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) was synthesized in the temperature range of T = 150–220°C, pH = 9-12, τ = 48-240 h. As initial components, silica gel MSKO containing 86% SiO2, tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), chemically pure NaOH and metallic indium (In) were used which mixed by hydrothermal synthesis. At the end of the synthesis, the solid product was separated from the mother liquor, washed on the filter with distilled water from an excess of alkali and dried at 120 °C, calcined at 550 °C (16 h). The products of hydrothermal crystallization were determined by X-ray (RFA – on the device D2-Phaser "Bruker"), differential thermal (DTA- STA-449 F3 Jupiter NETZSCH), by X-ray diffraction (XRD of brand SRM-18) and infrared spectroscopy (IR on FTIR spectroscopy, Nicolefisio VSA) analysis methods. During the synthesis, it was experimentally established that at T = 200 °C; τ = 240 h; pH≈9-10 molar ratio of components 5.78SiO2∙0.058In2O3∙0.625Na2O∙0.11H2O∙0.95 ((C4H9) 4NJ) – MFI-type zeolite is crystallized. When comparing XRF data with literature data, they were referred to a type zeolite of ZSM-5 differing in high degree of crystallinity. The following chemical composition of the synthesized zeolite (wt.%) was established by the X-ray diffraction (SRM-18) method: SiO2 – 94.01; In2O3 – 4.92; Na2O – 1.06 corresponding to the formula 0.96Na2O:In2O3:88SiO2:10H2O.Forcitation:Samedov Kh.R., Mamedova U.A., Ragimov K.G., Jabbarova Z.A. Synthesis of In-containing high-silica zeolite of ZSM-5 type.Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 84-87.

Preparation and Characterization of Kenaf and Oil Palm Nanocellulose by Acid Hydrolysis Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 495-500
Author(s):  
Nurfarah Aini Mocktar ◽  
Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab ◽  
An'amt Mohamed Noor ◽  
Nor Hakimin Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
High Degree

Acid hydrolysis method become one of the attention among researcher to produce high degree nanocellulose. Integration of sonication process was used to stir and mix particles in an element for different stages. This paper revealed the surface morphology and crystallinity index of two organic plant that were kenaf and oil palm nanocellulose. Characterization of the nanocellulose were identified by 2 techniques; (1) field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) that provides surface morphology and elemental information of the element, (2) x-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification of materials crystallinity. The result showed that the properties of nanocellulose increase after sonication method have been integrated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document