scholarly journals Managing Trust: Translating and the Network Economy

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristiina Abdallah ◽  
Kaisa Koskinen
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Organizing Principles

Abstract In order to understand recent developments in the field of professional translation, we focus in this article on the contemporary network-based translation industry using Albert-Lázsló Barabási’s model of real-world networks and combining it with sociological studies of social capital and trust. According to Barabási, networks are scale-free and therefore fundamentally undemocratic. Barabási’s findings can be used not only by researchers in explaining the topology and organizing principles of production networks but also by professional translators as a conceptual tool in making sense of their current working environment. We use empirical evidence from interviews with six Finnish translators, relating what we discover to be the roles of trust, loyalty, and social capital in networks. The findings suggest that (a lack of) trust may be the Achilles’ heel of these economic networks.

Transnational Standards and Empty Spaces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Transnational Governance ◽  
Production Networks ◽  
Global Production Networks ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Private Regulation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Making Sense

A vast new world of transnational standards has emerged, covering issues from human rights to sustainability to food safety. This chapter develops a framework for making sense of this new global order. It is tempting to imagine that global rules can and should bypass corrupt, incapacitated, or illegitimate governments in poor and middle-income countries. This assumption must be rejected if we want to understand the consequences of global rules and the prospects for improvement. After showing how a combination of social movements, global production networks, and neoliberalism gave rise to transnational private regulation, the chapter builds the foundations for the comparative approach of this book. The book’s comparative analysis of land and labor in Indonesia and China sheds light on two key fields of transnational governance, their implications in democratic and authoritarian settings, and the problems of governing the global economy through private regulation.

scholarly journals Scarcity of scale-free topology is universal across biochemical networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison B. Smith ◽  
Hyunju Kim ◽  
Sara I. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Levels Of Organization ◽  
Common Structure ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Organizing Principles

AbstractBiochemical reactions underlie the functioning of all life. Like many examples of biology or technology, the complex set of interactions among molecules within cells and ecosystems poses a challenge for quantification within simple mathematical objects. A large body of research has indicated many real-world biological and technological systems, including biochemistry, can be described by power-law relationships between the numbers of nodes and edges, often described as “scale-free”. Recently, new statistical analyses have revealed true scale-free networks are rare. We provide a first application of these methods to data sampled from across two distinct levels of biological organization: individuals and ecosystems. We analyze a large ensemble of biochemical networks including networks generated from data of 785 metagenomes and 1082 genomes (sampled from the three domains of life). The results confirm no more than a few biochemical networks are any more than super-weakly scale-free. Additionally, we test the distinguishability of individual and ecosystem-level biochemical networks and show there is no sharp transition in the structure of biochemical networks across these levels of organization moving from individuals to ecosystems. This result holds across different network projections. Our results indicate that while biochemical networks are not scale-free, they nonetheless exhibit common structure across different levels of organization, independent of the projection chosen, suggestive of shared organizing principles across all biochemical networks.

E-Development in Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
pp. 632-641
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jabed Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Developing World ◽  
National Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Right

Numerous factors, like political stability, physical infrastructure, basic healthcare, and so forth influence the extent and speed of social and economic development. There is no suggestion that ICT can eliminate the need for these or offer a panacea for all development problems. But detail analyses of experience around the world reveal ample evidence that, if used in the right way and for the right purposes, ICT can have a dramatic impact on achieving specific socio-economic development goals, as well as, play a key role in broader national development strategies. The real benefits lie not in the provision of technology rather in its application to create powerful socio-economic networks by drastically improving communication and the exchange of information (Vulkan, 1999). Recent developments in the fields of communications and information technology are indeed revolutionary in nature. Information and knowledge are expanding in quantity and accessibility. In many fields, future decision-makers will be presented with unprecedented new tools for development. In such fields as agriculture, health, education, human resources and environmental management, or transport and business development, the consequences could be really quite revolutionary. Communications and information technology have enormous potential, especially for developing countries, and in furthering sustainable development (Hamelink, 1997). ICTs have therefore brought about a new hope for the developing world. Many of these countries continue to labor in the agricultural age and their economic development is thus restricted and unable to move on and catch up with the developed world. Most developing nations have also been unable to industrialize their economies leading to greater impoverishment and dependence. In this context, the very prospect of “leapfrogging” the traditional stages and cycles of progress, is seen as revolutionary. Telemedicine, distance education, wireless applications, the use of the Internet for a wide variety of critical information dissemination tasks—hold the promise of overcoming fundamental barriers of infrastructure which have plagued the developing world (Mody, 1999).

E-Development in Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
M. J. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Developing World ◽  
National Development ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
The Right

Numerous factors, like political stability, physical infrastructure, basic healthcare, and so forth influence the extent and speed of social and economic development. There is no suggestion that ICT can eliminate the need for these or offer a panacea for all development problems. But detail analyses of experience around the world reveal ample evidence that, if used in the right way and for the right purposes, ICT can have a dramatic impact on achieving specific socio-economic development goals, as well as, play a key role in broader national development strategies. The real benefits lie not in the provision of technology rather in its application to create powerful socio-economic networks by drastically improving communication and the exchange of information (Vulkan, 1999). Recent developments in the fields of communications and information technology are indeed revolutionary in nature. Information and knowledge are expanding in quantity and accessibility. In many fields, future decision-makers will be presented with unprecedented new tools for development. In such fields as agriculture, health, education, human resources and environmental management, or transport and business development, the consequences could be really quite revolutionary. Communications and information technology have enormous potential, especially for developing countries, and in furthering sustainable development (Hamelink, 1997). ICTs have therefore brought about a new hope for the developing world. Many of these countries continue to labor in the agricultural age and their economic development is thus restricted and unable to move on and catch up with the developed world. Most developing nations have also been unable to industrialize their economies leading to greater impoverishment and dependence. In this context, the very prospect of “leapfrogging” the traditional stages and cycles of progress, is seen as revolutionary. Telemedicine, distance education, wireless applications, the use of the Internet for a wide variety of critical information dissemination tasks—hold the promise of overcoming fundamental barriers of infrastructure which have plagued the developing world (Mody, 1999).

scholarly journals Gratitude in Health Care: A Meta-narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 2303-2315
Author(s):  
Giskin Day ◽  
Glenn Robert ◽  
Anne Marie Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Developing Area

Research into gratitude as a significant sociological and psychological phenomenon has proliferated in the past two decades. However, there is little consensus on how it should be conceptualized or investigated empirically. We present a meta-narrative review that focuses on gratitude in health care, with an emphasis on research exploring interpersonal experiences in the context of care provision. Six meta-narratives from literatures across the humanities, sciences, and medicine are identified, contextualized, and discussed: gratitude as social capital; gifts; care ethics; benefits of gratitude; gratitude and staff well-being; and gratitude as an indicator of quality of care. Meta-narrative review was a valuable framework for making sense of theoretical antecedents and findings in this developing area of research. We conclude that greater attention needs to be given to what constitutes “evidence” in gratitude research and call for qualitative studies to better understand and shape the role and implications of gratitude in health care.

scholarly journals VARIOUS SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACHES ?? THE ISSUE OF SOCIAL TRUST

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
R. ALLAHYARAHMADI
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sociological Approaches ◽  
Sociological Studies

Social trust, as an outstanding component of social capital, has interested classical theorists of sociology for a long time, but in the last decades, as a result of particular social processes and social concepts it became more and more significant. In sociological studies, the concept of “Social trust” is considered at low, medium and high levels, as referred in this article.

scholarly journals Special Issue on Selected Papers from IVAPP 2018

Information ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Alexandru Telea ◽  
Andreas Kerren
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Visualization ◽  
Visual Analytics ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Data ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments at the crossroads of data science, datamining,machine learning, and graphics and imaging sciences have further established information visualization and visual analytics as central disciplines that deliver methods, techniques, and tools for making sense of and extracting actionable insights and results fromlarge amounts of complex,multidimensional, hybrid, and time-dependent data.[...]

Learning to organize and organizing to learn: the case of Dutch military expeditionary task forces

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric-Hans Kramer ◽  
Matthijs Moorkamp ◽  
Max Visser
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Problems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight in how military expeditionary task forces cope with the dual challenge of organizing and learning, by reflecting on the experiences of Dutch expeditionary task forces in post-conflict missions in Bosnia, Iraq and Afghanistan. Design/methodology/approach This paper reflects on the outcomes of a research project into the experiences of operators of different specific expeditionary task forces of the Dutch Armed Forces in dealing with everyday problems in their working environment. The case studies were based on interviews with military personnel of all ranks and focused on relating the process of making sense of environmental dynamics to characteristics of the organizational context. Findings The case studies indicate that designing and learning become intertwined in the realities of everyday problem-solving in the more complex missions. As task forces are essentially tailor-made for the purpose of specific missions, units initially need to be selected. Subsequently, the design of the task force needs to be adapted to suit local conditions. This challenge interrelates with the everyday challenge for operators of making sense of their environment and finding pragmatic solutions for the everyday problems they are confronted with. In pragmatically solving everyday problems, operators in the cases engaged in working out incomplete or ill-fitting aspects of the task force design. Practical implications The findings are relevant for military task forces and more in general for organizations that are confronted with dynamically complex environments that rely on temporary structures. Originality/value Existing literatures on learning and on organizing generally treat these as two related but essentially separate phenomena. In the expeditionary military task forces, operators that aimed to develop pragmatic solutions to everyday problems, the processes of learning and organizing became intertwined: units needed to organize to learn and to learn to organize. The paper ends by suggesting a combination of specific circumstances that influences the nature of the interrelation between these processes.

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