scholarly journals Open skin boats of the Aleutians, Kodiak Island, and Prince William Sound

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evguenia Anichtchenko
Keyword(s):  
Kamchatka Peninsula ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Aleutian Islands ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Kodiak Archipelago ◽  
A Chain

Abstract This article examines the relationship between the open skin boat (umiak) traditions of the Unangax/Aleut who inhabited the Aleutian Islands and the Sugpiat of Kodiak Island and Prince William Sound, the two southernmost Indigenous Alaskan peoples who used such watercraft. In a larger geographical context, the Aleutian Islands and the Kodiak Archipelago form a chain of lands stretching from the Alaska Peninsula to the eastern coast of Eurasia. Drawing from archaeological and ethnographic evidence, the author discusses both technological and social aspects of open skin boats. A comparison between Sugpiaq and Unangax/Aleut boats demonstrates similarities in some structural details and leads to a discussion of technological exchange in the larger region that encompasses Southeast Alaska, Prince William Sound, the Kodiak Archipelago, the Aleutian Islands, and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The different Indigenous boat types influenced each other along a chain of overlapping related elements and structural features, rather than being adopted in each case as a complete technological corpus. This exchange occurred along routes of trade and war but ultimately created a dynamic intellectual network of watercraft technology.

scholarly journals Synthesis and crystal structures of a bis(3-hydroxy-cyclohex-2-en-1-one) and two hexahydroquinoline derivatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Scott A. Steiger ◽  
Chun Li ◽  
Christina Gates ◽  
Nicholas R. Natale
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Boat Conformation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Aryl Group ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

The title compound I, 2,2′-[(2-nitrophenyl)methylene]bis(3-hydroxy-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enone), C23H27NO6, features a 1,3-ketone–enol conformation which is stabilized by two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The most prominent intermolecular interactions in compound I are C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which link molecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to the (001) plane and a chain perpendicular to (1\overline{1}1). Both title compounds II, ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C23H29NO6, and III, ethyl 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-2,7,7-trimethyl-5-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinoline-3-carboxylate, C29H29NO3, share the same structural features, such as a shallow boat conformation of the dihydropyridine group and an orthogonal aryl group attached to the dihydropyridine. Intermolecular N—H...O bonding is present in the crystal packing of both compound II and III.

THE GRAPHICAL RESOURCE DATABASE: FOUNDATION FOR GEOGRAPHIC RESPONSE PLANS

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 1129-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Hankins ◽  
Douglas A. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Federal Agencies ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Response Planning ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Southcentral Alaska ◽  
Industry Response

ABSTRACT Geographic Response Strategies (GRSs) proliferating in the Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island, Alaska area are relying increasingly on the Graphical Resource Database (GRD) sensitive resources maps. GRD allows response planners to select GRS sites from thousands of miles of remote, highly sensitive shoreline. GRD consists of a stand-alone Geographic Information System (GIS) containing maps, photos, and thousands of records contributed by 15 state and federal agencies and two citizens' regional councils. GRD addresses the Southcentral Alaska coastline centered on Prince William Sound and stretching 800 kilometers from the Copper River to Kodiak Island. Alyeska Pipeline Service Company in Valdez maintains the database as a GIS. Alyeska distributes annual updates on 500-megabyte CD-ROMs to more than 40 public and industry response-planning groups.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization of Clostridium sordellii Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to Clostridium difficile Spores

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Rabi ◽  
Lynne Turnbull ◽  
Cynthia B. Whitchurch ◽  
Milena Awad ◽  
Dena Lyras
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Clostridium Sordellii ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

ABSTRACT Clostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the C. sordellii spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the C. sordellii spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of C. sordellii spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species. Clostridium sordellii is an often-lethal bacterium causing human and animal disease. Crucial to the infectious cycle of C. sordellii is its ability to produce spores, which can germinate into toxin-producing vegetative bacteria under favorable conditions. However, structural details of the C. sordellii spore are lacking. Here, we used a range of electron microscopy techniques together with superresolution optical microscopy to characterize the C. sordellii spore morphology with an emphasis on the exosporium. The C. sordellii spore is made up of multiple layers with the exosporium presenting as a smooth balloon-like structure that is open at the spore poles. Focusing on the outer spore layers, we compared the morphologies of C. sordellii spores derived from different strains and determined that there is some variation between the spores, most notably with spores of some strains having tubular appendages. Since Clostridium difficile is a close relative of C. sordellii, their spores were compared by electron microscopy and their exosporia were found to be distinctly different from each other. This study therefore provides new structural details of the C. sordellii spore and offers insights into the physical structure of the exosporium across clostridial species. IMPORTANCE Clostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the C. sordellii spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the C. sordellii spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of C. sordellii spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species.

scholarly journals Structural features of the first component of human complement, C1, as revealed by surface iodination

1982 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C L Villiers ◽  
S Chesne ◽  
M B Lacroix ◽  
G J Arlaud ◽  
M G Colomb
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Gradient ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Complement Component ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
Human Complement ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Sucrose Gradient Ultracentrifugation ◽  
Label Distribution ◽  
Human Complement Component

Lactoperoxidase-catalysed surface iodination and sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation were used to investigate the structure of human complement component C1. 1. Proenzymic subcomponents C1r and C1s associated to form a trimeric C1r2-C1s complex (7.6 S) in the presence of EDTA, and a tetrameric Clr2-C1s2 complex (9.1 S) in the presence of Ca2+. Iodination of the 9.1 S complex led to a predominant labelling of C1r (70%) over C1s (30%), essentially located in the b-chain moiety of C1r and in the a-chain moiety of C1s. 2. Reconstruction of proenzymic soluble C1 (15.2 S) from C1q, C1r and C1s was partially inhibited when C1s labelled in its monomeric form was used and almost abolished when iodinated C1r was used. Reconstruction of fully activated C1 was not possible, whereas hybrid C1q-C1r2-C1s2 complex was obtained. 3. Iodination of proenzymic or activated C1 bound to IgG-ovalbumin aggregates led to an equal distribution of the radioactivity between C1q and C1r2-C1s2. With regard to C1q, the label distribution between the three chains was similar whether C1 was in its proenzymic or activated form. Label distribution in the C1r2-C1s2 moiety of C1 was the same as that obtained for isolated C1r2-C1s2, and this was also true for the corresponding activated components. However, two different labelling patterns were found, corresponding to the proenzyme and the activated states.

scholarly journals Bald Eagles in Alaska Following the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
Marjorie J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Prince William Sound ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Exxon Valdez ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Despite initial concerns about the impact of the Exxon Valdez oil spill on bald eagles in Prince William Sound, accumulating evidence indicates that the area's eagle population is doing well. This paper presents and discusses the 1989 data collected during the Prince William Sound and Kodiak Island Eagle Capture and Short-term Rehabilitation Programs, as well as 1990 data from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's operational field surveys.

scholarly journals Archaeology and the Sugpiaq renaissance on Kodiak Island: Three stories from Alaska

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Pullar ◽  
Richard A. Knecht ◽  
Sven Haakanson
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Art Museum ◽  
Kodiak Island ◽  
Kodiak Archipelago ◽  
In The Beginning

The Sugpiat people have lived in the Kodiak Archipelago for at least 7,500 years, but suffered extraordinary pressure on their cultural identity beginning with violent Russian conquest in 1784 and followed by Russian and American colonisation. Recognising that drastic actions were needed to preserve Sugpiaq heritage, the Kodiak Area Native Association began a cultural revitalisation movement. The centrepiece was a Native-owned state-of-the-art museum that opened in 1995. This essay recounts the stories of three participants in the beginning of a process that has transformed the cultural landscape of Kodiak.

Structural Features of Corrosion Of Aluminum Alloys in Water at 300 C

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
KURT M. CARLSEN
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Corrosion Process ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Ni Alloys ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
Fe Alloys

Abstract A number of aluminum alloy specimens were immersed in distilled water heated to 300 C and a study made of the structural features of corrosion. Samples were of the following general types: Al-Ni alloys, Al-Fe alloys, Al-Ni-Fe alloys, Al-Cu alloys and Al-Ni-Si alloys. After exposure samples were examined by means of a metallographic microscope. In a number of cases the specimens were ground on a metallographic polishing wheel to reveal structural details of the corrosion process. Photomicrographs of both polished and unpolished specimens are included with the paper. 6.4.2

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