scholarly journals RESPONSIBILITY FOR SELF-DECEPTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Marie van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Belief Formation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Epistemic Reasons ◽  
Reasons Responsiveness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Doxastic Responsibility

In this paper, I argue that Alfred Mele’s conception of self-deception is such that it always fulfils the reasons-responsiveness condition for doxastic responsibility. This is because self-deceptive mechanisms of belief formation are such that the kind of beliefs they bring about are the kind of beliefs that fulfil the criteria for doxastic responsibility from epistemic reasons responsiveness. I explain why in this paper. Mele describes the relation of the subject to the evidence as a biased relation. The subject does not simply believe on the basis of evidence, but on the basis of manipulated evidence. Mele puts forward four ways in which the subject does this. The subject could misinterpret positively or negatively, selectively focus, or gather evidence. Through these ways of manipulation, the evidence is framed such that the final product constitutes evidence on the basis of which the subject may believe a proposition that fits that subject’s desire that P. Whichever form of manipulation the subject uses, the evidence against P must be neutralized in one way or another. Successful neutralization of the evidence requires the ability to recognize what the evidence supports and the ability to react to it. These abilities consist precisely in the two parts of the reasons-responsiveness condition, reasons receptivity and reasons reactivity. In that sense, self-deceptive beliefs always fulfil the reasons-responsiveness condition for doxastic responsibility. However, given that reasons responsiveness is only a necessary condition for doxastic responsibility, this does not mean that self-deceived subjects are always responsible for their belief.

scholarly journals Meditation and perception: some notes on the psychology of religious mysticism

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Hjalmar Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Saint John ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mystical Experiences ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Difference ◽  
John Of The Cross

The study of mysticism must be carried on with more attention paid to the meditative techniques used by mystics and to the problems of perception. In this paper the author presents some remarks on the difference between Saint Teresa and Saint John of the Cross, and then mentions some recent studies of meditation and some problems of perception. If meditative techniques have become of great importance in psychotheraphy, the organismic approach of the "mindcurers" and their results will permit us to complete phenomenological descriptions of mystic conscious states with more exact information of their physiological conditions. In this way "mystical experiences" in general can be seen as results of meditative techniques and we need not regard "an hysterical predisposition" of the subject as their necessary condition.

scholarly journals The Topography of the Subject Field of Christian Psychology

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 72-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.E. Vasilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Current Work ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Critical Phase ◽  
Specific Discipline ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Christian Psychology ◽  
Specific Project

The task of constitutionalization of Christian psychology as a specific discipline pre- sumes methodological enumeration of its population: scientific, educational and practice-oriented projects. Current article presents a tryout of a tool, that allows to to- pographically link each project to certain coordinates on a map of Christian psychology subject field. Analyses revealed uncommon qualities of such a map. The main of these qualities is a topological plasticity, a capacity to adaptively change the metric of zones and fields in order to insert specific project unaltered. Such a procedure allows to describe an individual “methodological profile” of a project. The technology of analyses tested in current work opens up an opportunity for methodological arrange- ment of the subject-thematical field of Christian psychology, which is a necessary condition for its constitutionalization and entering a “critical” phase of its development.

Selfless Assertions

2018 ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Reasons ◽  
The Subject

There are three central components to the phenomenon of selfless assertion: first, a subject, for purely non-epistemic reasons, does not believe that p; second, despite this lack of belief, the subject is aware that p is very well supported by all of the available evidence; and, third, because of this, the subject asserts that p without believing that p. In this piece, it is argued that selfless assertion sheds crucial light on how to understand the nature of lying. In particular, it is shown that only accounts of lying that secure a connection with deception deliver the correct verdict that cases of selfless assertion are importantly different from lies.

Kijken Naar (Eigen) Begeleidersgedrag een Verslag van de Workshop 'de Taaldocent' als Begeleider Van Lerende Volwassenen ik Groepsverband

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Adriaan Bakker ◽  
Louis van Kessel ◽  
Luuk Staallekker
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Plenary Session ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Teaching Behaviour ◽  
Small Group Discussions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adult Classes

This article is the report of a workshop on the subject 'Looking at tutor-behaviour as a teacher of adults'. The workshop consisted of looking at a video-tape with scenes fro» adult classes, small-group discussions and a plenary session on 'differences and correspondences between the teacher styles shown and my own. One of the conclusions drawn by the authors is that teachers are very eager to look at and learn from teaching behaviour of colleages and that this may be the necessary condition for changing their own behaviour.

INVESTMENT ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES. PART I: THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Olimpia Grabiec ◽  
Agnieszka Górka-Chowaniec
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Subject

Due to the growing competitiveness, it is necessary to gain an advantage over competition, therefore, a necessary condition for obtaining it is continuous undertaking of various investment projects. The article discusses issues related to the investment activity of enterprises. In the publication, the author presented the theoretical approach to issues related to the investments of enterprises. The main purpose of this article is to analysis the investment activity of enterprises in terms of the subject literature.

scholarly journals Holizm pedagogiczny i praktyki edukacyjne

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Aleksander A. Połonnikow
Keyword(s):  
Pedagogical Knowledge ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Pedagogical Training ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Situational Support ◽  
Operational Unit

The subject of analysis in the article is the phenomenon of pedagogical holism, which is considered as a necessary condition for the organization and implementation of the pedagogical position. At the same time, orientation at pedagogical training towards one or another hypostatic integrity is considered as a condition limiting the creativity of students in the analysis and creation of qualitatively different forms of pedagogical thinking and activity. The creative position of future teachers is interpreted as one of the mechanisms ensuring overcoming the uniformity of the current education. Hypostasized forms of pedagogical holism are opposed by the discursive holism, which is associated with the refusal of pedagogical training from extra-situational support in the organization of pedagogical knowledge, the establishment of presentism ideology and the pedagogical relativism in educational practices. The operational unit of these practices is an utterance created in the acts of educational interaction. At the same time, the pedagogical utterance loses its dominant position associated with the status of the owner of the integrity of development and becomes one of the judgments in the multifaceted educational polylogue, existing as the integrity that arises in the actual educational interactions it produces.

scholarly journals Typological Safety of the Russian Language as the Necessary Condition of Cultural and Intellectual Self-Identification of the Russian Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-428
Author(s):  
Olga Valentinova ◽  
Michail Rybakov ◽  
Alicja Pstyga
Keyword(s):  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
False Result ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

Phenomena characteristic for speech works of all functional styles of the modern Russian literary language, which are traditionally considered from the normative-didactic point of view: violation of case coordination, the appearance of the plural in abstract nouns, the non-identification of voice, the lack of correlation between the subject of the participial construction and the subject of the sentence etc. - are discussed by the authors of the article from the standpoint of modern systemic linguistics. The method of the systemic typology of languages used by researchers makes it possible to reveal a tendency to isolation that is firmly established in modern Russian speech. The deformation of the flectionality of the Russian language, caused by the growth of the cultural heterogeneity of the language collective, while preserving such parameters of the external determinant, which determines the inflectional grammatical type, as the size of the language collective and the communication mode, not only hampers the expression of complex meanings, but also makes them ultimately unclaimed in society, reducing the continuity in the transfer of socially significant experience. If the structures of relations between signs cease to be socially unified, the language collective loses the ability to reproduce and recognize the signs of the speech flow and associate them with certain components of the extra-linguistic thinking content. The external preservation of flexion and grammatical coordination in the event of a violation of the forecast function in the designation of cause-effect relationships of the developing event, does not indicate flexiveness, and therefore statistical methods for determining the degree of flexiveness will give a false result. An objective assessment of the language and socio-cultural situation in society and scientifically grounded adjustment of the language policy could be possible only on the base of research of the measure and nature of the discrepancy between the external determinant and the grammatical type of language.

Gerard of Odo (c.1290–c.1349)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Kent
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Nicomachean Ethics ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Subject

Gerard of Odo, a scholastic philosopher and theologian who wrote a long commentary on Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, is one of many scholastics who attempted to reconcile Aristotle’s teachings with the views of Christian authorities. Gerard’s work declares the subject of ethics to be the human being as free, makes the will’s power of self-determination a necessary condition for moral responsibility, and in other respects reflects the voluntarism commonly found in Franciscan writings of the period.

Szaber Frenzy

2010 ◽  
pp. 173-203
Author(s):  
Marcin Zaremba
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Culture Of Poverty ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Post War

The subject of this article is war, and especially post-war, szaber – a phenomenon of mass looting of unattended property. The text is divided into three parts. In the first part, I attempt to explain theoretically the origin of szaber, indicating (among other things) its links with the culture of poverty and a necessary condition for the szaber to take place – a moment of chaos and a temporary decline of the power structures. In the second part, I formulate a hypothesis that ethnic difference was a necessary condition for szaber to emerge. I illustrate it with examples from September 1939, when first we faced a phenomenon of mass looting of unattended property. The article also deals with the pillage of the ghettos by Poles in 1942. The third part is devoted to the highest wave of looting, which took place mostly in the Regained Western and Northern Territories, immediately after the war. The text is constructed in such a way that at the end I return to the origin of the phenomenon, formulating a thesis that it created a certain szaber culture

On the Rationality of Radical Theological Non-Naturalism

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
Concept Of God ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
Truth Claims ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Time And Being ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
The Way

In my Contemporary Critiques of Religion and in my Scepticism, I argue that non-anthropomorphic conceptions of God do not make sense. By this I mean that we do not have sound grounds for believing that the central truth-claims of Christianity are genuine truth-claims and that we do not have a religiously viable concept of God. I argue that this is so principally because of three interrelated features about God-talk. (I) While purporting to be factual assertions, central bits of God-talk, e.g. ‘God exists’ and ‘God loves man-kind’, are not even in principle verifiable (confirmable or disconfirmable) in such a way that we can say what experienceable states of affairs would count for these putative assertions and against their denials, such that we could say what it would be like to have evidence which would make either their assertion or their denial more or less probably true. (2) Personal predicates, e.g. ‘loves’, ‘creates’, are at least seemingly essential in the use of God-talk, yet they suffer from such an attenuation of meaning in their employment in religious linguistic environments that it at least appears to be the case that we have in such environments unwittingly emptied these predicates of all intelligible meaning so that we do not understand what we are asserting or denying when we utter ‘God loves mankind’ or ‘God created the heavens and the earth’ and the like. (3) When we make well-formed assertions, it appears at least to be the case that a necessary condition for such wellformedness is that we should be able successfully to identify the subject of that putative statement so that we can understand what it is that we are talking about and thus understand that a genuine statement has actually been made. But, where God is conceived non-anthropomorphically, we have no even tolerably clear idea about how God, an infinite individual, occupying no particular place or existing at no particular time, and being utterly transcendent to the world, can be identified. Indeed we have no coherent idea of what it would be like to identify him and this means we have no coherent idea of what it would be like for God even to be a person or an it. He cannot be picked out and identified in the way persons and things can.

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