scholarly journals The bed in images of the Annunciation of the 14th and 15th centuries: a dogmatic symbol according to Greek-Eastern Patrology

2021 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
José María Salvador-González
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Visual Symbol ◽  
Christian Iconography ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to interpret the deep doctrinal meanings underlying the bed that appear in the symbolic depiction of some images of the Annunciation of the 14th and 15th centuries. To do so, I adopt two complementary methodological strategies, based on comparative analysis. In essence, from the outset I analyze an abundant corpus of explanatory texts by Fathers of the Greek-Eastern Church when they interpret some quotations from the Old Testament that include metaphorical terms such as thalamus, Sponsus, and Sponsa; second, I analyze twelve images from the Annunciation of the period that include a bed. Based on the fact that these Greek-Eastern Fathers unanimously consider that these metaphorical expressions signify the dogmas of the human incarnation of God the Son in the womb of the Virgin, and, as a consequence, also the divine virginal motherhood of Mary, I conclude that the bed included in these Annunciations is an eloquent visual symbol or metaphor for both dogmas.   KEYWORDS: Christian Iconography, Medieval Art, Annunciation, Christ’s Incarnation, Virginal Divine Motherhood.   RESUMEN: Este artículo tiene el propósito de interpretar los profundos significados doctrinales subyacentes en el lecho que aparece en la escenografía de algunas imágenes de la Anunciación de los siglos XIV y XV. Para ello adoptamos dos estrategias metodológicas complementarias, basadas en análisis comparativos: de entrada analizamos un abundante corpus de textos exegéticos de Padres de la Iglesia Greco-oriental cuando interpretan algunos textos del Antiguo Testamento que incluyen términos metafóricos tales como thalamus, Sponsus y Sponsa; en segundo lugar, analizamos doce imágenes de la Anunciación del período que incluyen un lecho. Basándonos en el hecho de que dichos Padres greco-orientales consideran unánimemente que esas expresiones metafóricas significan los dogmas de la encarnación humana de Dios Hijo en el vientre de la Virgen, y, como consecuencia, también la virginal maternidad divina de María, concluimos que el lecho incluido en esas Anunciaciones es un elocuente símbolo o metáfora visual de ambos dogmas.    PALABRAS CLAVES: Iconografía cristiana – arte medieval – Anunciación – encarnación de Cristo, virginal maternidad divina.  

Seven Sacraments Compositions in English Medieval Art

1929 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. McN. Rushforth
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Religious Art ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Christian Art ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Great Tradition ◽  
Speculum Humanae Salvationis ◽  
Church Art ◽  
The Church

Émile Mâle says that medieval Christian art in its last period had lost touch with the great tradition of symbolism which had been so important in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and still largely dominated the art of the fourteenth. But there was one great symbolical idea which survived, and that was the harmony of the Old and New Testaments; and so we find among the most popular subjects of fifteenth-century Church art the concordance of the Apostles and Prophets in the Creed, and the series of parallels between the life of Jesus and episodes of Old Testament history, which were summed up and digested in the Biblia Pauperum and the Speculum Humanae Salvationis. The reason for the popularity of these subjects was, no doubt, their didactic value, and though Mâle does not develop this side of the subject, we may say that one, though not the only, characteristic of the religious art of the fifteenth century was that, instead of being symbolical, it became didactic. We find in this period a whole series of subjects which reduced the articles of Christian faith and practice to pictorial form, and seem to have been intended to illustrate the medieval catechism by which the teaching of the Church was imparted.

The Horn of the Unicorn

Antiquity ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 27 (105) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humphrey Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Middle Ages

Though everyone now agrees that the unicorn never existed, this unanimity is quite recent. All through the 19th century there were periodic reports of its presence in darkest Africa or on the Asiatic steppes, and hopes that it would turn out to be a reality died hard. But if there never was such a creature why did the men of the Middle Ages believe in it so firmly and depict it so often? As Christians it was incumbent on them to do so, for it was mentioned in the Old Testament and, therefore, must be real. Its presence there was due to the authors of the Septuagint, the Hellenised Jews who, at Alexandria, in the centuries between the city's foundation and the Christian era, translated their sacred books from Hebrew into Greek and on seven occasions used the word μονόκερως (Greek for unicorn).

scholarly journals Prophetic Conflict in Jeremiah 27-28 and the Question of True and False Prophecy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Ikenna L. Umeanolue
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Legal Traditions ◽  
The People ◽  
False Prophets ◽  
Do So ◽  
Easy Solution ◽  
Prophetic Office

The Old Testament text of Jeremiah 27-28 presents prophetic conflict between Jeremiah and Hananiah. Jeremiah proclaimed a message of God’s judgment against the rulers and the people of Judah because of their violation of the religious and the legal traditions of the nation but Hananiah opposed him preaching a message of peace and salvation and predicted the deliverance of Israelite nation from the hands of their enemies. Both claimed to have God’s authority. Jeremiah 27-28 provides a window into the problem of discerning a true prophet from a false one. Contemporary Nigerian Christians are also being challenged with such opposing prophecies by prophets who claim that their prophecies come from God. This study adopts exegetical method of interpretation and application of the message of Jeremiah 27-28 to the fact of truity and falsity in prophecy in contemporary Christianity. This study discovered that true prophetic office is a call, and not all comers’ affair. Prophecy lacks empirical proof and is sometimes manipulative and susceptible to barratry. The study further discovered that true prophets prophesy by the spirit of God while false Prophets prophesy from their own mind but also claim to do so by the spirit of God. Just like Prophet Hananiah, there are prophets who could be genuinely called but have refused to stay within their call because of loss of focus and desire for material gains. Thus the prevalent worldview of contemporary Nigerians concerning easy solution to life’s problems that leads to abuse of prophetic consultations needs to be changed.

Messianic Meaning in Psalms 2, 8, 44: the View of Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Борис Тимофеев
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Theodore Of Mopsuestia ◽  
Exegetical Tradition

Цель статьи - реконструкция экзегетических принципов толкования диодором Тарсийским и Феодором Мопсуэстийским мессианских текстов в псалтири. Эти толкователи известны критическим подходом к прямой мессианской интерпретации пророческого провозвестия ветхого завета. Так, с их точки зрения, из всей псалтири только четыре псалма говорят непосредственно о христе и его времени. Это псалмы 2, 8, 44 и 109. поскольку толкования диодора и Феодора на 109й псалом в настоящее время недоступны, автор ограничился сравнительным анализом их комментариев на псалмы 2, 8 и 44. результаты сравнения помогают прояснить детали герменевтических принципов диодора и Феодора и определить их место в древней христианской экзегетической традиции. This article is an attempt to reconstruct the exegetical principles of the interpretation of messianic texts in the Psalms of Diodorus of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia. These interpreters are known for their critical approach to the direct messianic interpretation of the Old Testament prophetic proclamation. So, for example, from their point of view, of the entire Psalm, only four psalms speak directly about Christ and his time. These are 2, 8, 44, and 109 Psalms. Since the interpretation of Diodorus and Theodore on Psalm 109 is currently unavailable, we restrict ourselves to analyzing their comments on Psalms 2, 8, and 44. The results of the comparative analysis can help to clarify the details of the hermeneutic principles of Diodorus and Theodore and help determine their place in the ancient Christian exegetical tradition.

Response to Pauline Jones Luong's review of Oil Wealth and the Poverty of Politics: Algeria Compared

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-598
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Lowi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Oil Wealth ◽  
Do So

In writing my book, I had two principal and two secondary goals. My principal goals related to Algeria itself: first, to explain the country's peculiar trajectory with political stability and, eventually, its descent into violence, followed by its fascinating restabilization; second, to use the Algerian experience to contribute to the “rentier state” literature and show that oil has not been the “curse” that the “resource curse” folks suggest it to be. My secondary goals had to do with enriching and contextualizing the argument I was making about Algeria. I sought to do so in two ways: by offering “some preliminary comparisons” between Algeria's experience and that of other Middle Eastern oil-exporting states at times of economic shocks, and by cautiously extending the argument about variations in stability in Algeria to account for variations in stability in the four other countries. Four of the five empirical chapters of the book are devoted exclusively to Algeria; a single chapter—what I refer to as “a brief excursion into comparative analysis”—is devoted to Iran, Iraq, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia and the comparison with Algeria.

scholarly journals The influence of Old Testament reminiscences in the dramatic poem by S.A. Yesenin “Pugachev” on the artistic and philosophical system of the play by I.M. Levin “Moses”

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Irina O. Mashenkova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Poetic Language ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
The New Testament

The work examines the plots and images of the Old Testament in the dramatic poem by S.A. Yesenin “Pugachev”. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for both a com-prehensive consideration of possible interpretations of the poem and drawing attention to its crea-tive impact on the literature of the Russian emigration. The aim of the study is to identify in the poem by S.A. Yesenin “Pugachev” of the Old Testament reminiscences and determination of their influence on the religious and philosophical content of the play by I.M. Levin “Moses”. The theo-retical basis of the study is the thesis about the intertextuality of the poem “Pugachev”, put for-ward by N.I. Shubnikova-Guseva. In the course of the study, a comparative analysis of the artistic structures of the poem by S.A. Yesenin “Pugachev” and plays by I.M. Levin “Moses”. Based on the identification of common elements of the compositional organization and poetic language of these works, it is concluded that the play by I.M. Levin is a kind of reception of the biblical reminiscences of “Pugachev” associated with the exodus of the Israelites from Egypt. When comparing the text of “Pugachev” with the book of Exodus, the Old Testament subtext is revealed, which became the main unifying factor of the figurative system of the poem. Together with the New Testament motifs of the poem already indicated in Yesenin studies, the Old Testament reminiscences testify to its deep religious and philosophical content.

Bald Jonah and the Exegesis of 4 Kings 2.23

Traditio ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
John B. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Medieval Art ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Teaching Device ◽  
Northern European ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Made In

In recent years, a good deal of attention has been paid to the place of typology in late medieval art. This way of thought so characteristic of the Middle Ages, in which Old Testament persons and events are seen to have a prefigurative relationship to those of the New, was a popular teaching device. It is nowhere better seen than in the Biblia pauperum or picture Bible, which originated in a mid-thirteenth-century Dominican milieu and was probably inspired by the altar piece of Nicholas of Verdun, made in 1181. The pages of these books contain drawings that show the typological relationship between Old and New Testament events by means of a center roundel depicting some episode of Christ's life, known as the anti-type, flanked by two Old Testament scenes, the types, which were thought to prefigure it. Appropriate Bible prophecies in banners heightened the visual impact of the drawings for the literate. From its inception, the Biblia pauperum was of enormous importance for northern European art, and its influence can be seen well into the Reformation.

scholarly journals Adapting as usual: integrative and segregative institutions shaping adaptation to climate change in local public administrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATTEO ROGGERO ◽  
ANDREAS THIEL
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Transaction Costs Economics ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

AbstractLocal administrations play a key role in delivering adaptation to climate change. To do so, they need to address collective action. Based on transaction costs economics, this paper explores the role of so-called integrative and segregative institutions in the way local administrations adapt – whether their different functional branches respond to climate change collectively rather than independently. Through a comparative analysis of 19 climate-sensitive local administrations in Germany, the paper shows that variation in the way local administrations structure their internal coordination determines the way they approach climate adaptation. Under integrative institutions, local administrations adjust prior coordination structures to accommodate adaptation. Under segregative institutions, administrations move towards integrative institutions in order to adapt, provided they already ‘feel’ climate change.

scholarly journals The essence оf the Christian dogma by Erich Fromm

2015 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
N. B. Buriak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Erich Fromm ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
Evolution Of Ideas ◽  
Almost All ◽  
First Time

The essence оf the Christian dogma by Erich Fromm. In the article is widely considered the dynamics of religious beliefs Erich Fromm. For the first time a comparative analysis of all Fromm’s work relating to the theme of religion. Fromm devoted to the search itself and society in faith quite a lot of time because such research is very important and requires a recess in the nature of some of the world’s religions, including Christianity. Questions and countermeasures manifestations of humanism and authoritarian Christianity, its historical evolution and ideals throw a kind of challenge to the outstanding philosopher, and forced him to work on this complex issue almost all his life. Dogma Erich Fromm developed so that initially there was an idea of the man who became God, and turned on the idea of God became man. The concept of the Old Testament prophets world extend beyond relationships between people, harmony should prevail between man and nature. Peace between man and nature is harmony between them. Erich Fromm permanently broke with Judaism in ‘26 and has since considered himself a Christian. But Christianity Fromm, his understanding of God, the role of Christ in history, the interpretation of the evolution of ideas and Savior is surprising for its boldness.

scholarly journals The curse and the chora

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-118
Author(s):  
Kwasu D. Tembo
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Julia Kristeva ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Subject Positions ◽  
Joss Whedon ◽  
Do So

Referring to the work of Julia Kristeva, this article seeks to perform a comparative analysis between Cordelia Chase (Charisma Carpenter), as she appears within the remit of Joss Whedon and David Greenwalts’s Angel (1999–2004), and Vanessa Ives (Eva Green) in John Logan’s Penny Dreadful (2014–2016). Taking each character as a case study, this article seeks to elucidate the precarious subject positions of central female leads in a team/ensemble horror television series in order to assess whether or not and how the portrayal and characterisation thereof has changed over two decades. To do so, this article employs a theoretical framing that examines the question of agency and power by assessing both characters as what I will call “Choraic conduits”. As such, both characters’ relation, manipulation of/by, and mediation of the supernatural as envisaged and presented in their respective diegetic worlds are analysed in themselves and comparatively against one another. Key concerns here are the questions and problems surrounding each character’s agency over her powers and the supernatural/spiritual realm(s) from which they emerge, as well as the psycho-physical and symbolic consequences of not only the possession of their respective powers, but the micro and macroscopic consequences of how they are used in their respective diegetic worlds.

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