scholarly journals Port Pricing in the North Port of Split: A Comparative Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Vukić ◽  
Ivan Peronja ◽  
Merica Slišković
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
The North ◽  
Crucial Problem ◽  
Port Competitiveness ◽  
Additional Charges ◽  
Total Price ◽  
Individual Service ◽  
Port Pricing

Pricing in ports is an important element of port competitiveness when it comes to the establishment of logistics and transportation systems, determining cargo flows, and developing optimum and quality service. This paper aims to examine the need to modify the port tariff in the North Port of Split through comparison of thetariff system in the main Croatian cargo ports for specific vessel categories and types of cargo. The results were also compared with the port tariffs in the ports of Koper and Trieste to identify shortcomings and suggest potential modifications of individual service prices. The analysis revealed a discrepancy in the segment of port charges, towage and light dues (which account for almost 75 % of the total price), with the latter indicated as a crucial problem in all Croatian ports. Tariff adjustment would eventually improve port competitiveness, with the possibility of expansion to new markets, extension of the gravitational area, and acquisition of additional cargo for the North Port. The inclusion of "environmental charge", with envisaged discounts or additional charges for environmental protection and sustainable development, is essential for the port’s strategic orientation and market positioning.

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKETING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Lazviashvili
Keyword(s):  
Social Activity ◽  
Strategic Orientation ◽  
Marketing Management ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Communication Policy ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
Evaluation Mechanism

The scientific article presents practical approaches to modern marketing in the commercial field. Market-oriented management focuses on the development of social marketing, therefore, the paper reflects the model of market-social activity evaluation mechanism. Of particular importance in this paper are the commodity, pricing, key and communication policy factors that influence the formation of consumer value. Developing a marketing excellence program in entrepreneurship involves combining the principles that marketers need to focus on in a competitive environment. Marketing competence ensures the formation of a customer-oriented communication-behavioral climate in the company. Entrepreneurial facility marketing management is based on the concept of modern marketing, which involves the formation of new market thinking, the development of communication links between the company and the market. Marketing management can be considered as a set of measures for the organization of production-key activities, based on market forecasting and research to maximize profits at the expense of meeting customer needs. Marketing management in business is related to the agreement between the company's capabilities and the requirements of the market environment to achieve the desired result. The article focuses on the principles that determine the effectiveness of marketing management - mutual benefit (ensuring financial sustainability and competitive advantage in the company's view) and strategic orientation, strategic orientation. Ensuring the ratio), demand individualization (activation of social network development mechanism - the role of personal marketing in the development of a market option adapted to individual individuals), marketing integration and benchmarking. With priorities, since the overriding of consumer interests and their advantages Awareness ultimately leads to flexible market positioning and legitimacy - public recognition.

Transportation Geography

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew R. Goetz ◽  
Bruce A. Ralston
Keyword(s):  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Star Network ◽  
Transport Geography ◽  
The North ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Transportation Geography ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations

Transportation geography is the study of the spatial aspects of transportation. It includes the location, structure, environment, and development of networks as well as the analysis and explanation of the interaction or movement of goods and people (Black 1989). In addition it encompasses the role and impacts—both spatial and aspatial—of transport in a broad sense including facilities, institutions, policies and operations in domestic and international contexts. It also provides an explicitly spatial perspective, or point of view, within the interdisciplinary study of transportation. There has been substantial progress in the development of the transportation geography subfield over the last ten years. In 1993, the Journal of Transport Geography was started in the UK, providing the subfield with its own eponymous journal. Several second editions of key textbooks were published, including The Geography of Transportation (Taaffe et al. 1996), The Geography of Urban Transportation (Hanson 1995), and Modern Transport Geography (Hoyle and Knowles 1998). The Transportation Geography Specialty Group (TGSG) instituted the Edward L. Ullman Award for scholarly contributions to the subfield; recipients have included Edward Taaffe, Harold Mayer, Howard Gauthier, William Garrison, William Black, James Vance, Susan Hanson, Morton O’Kelly, Bruce Ralston, Donald Janelle, Thomas Leinbach, Brian Slack, and Kingsley Haynes. The specialty group also began honoring students who have written the best doctoral dissertations and masters theses each year, and a TGSG web page was created. The University of Washington Department of Geography instituted the Douglas K. Fleming lecture series in transportation geography at AAG annual meetings. Finally, transport geographers have played prominent roles in a Geography and Regional Science Program organized joint National Science Foundation/European Science Foundation initiative on Social Change and Sustainable Transport (SCAST) (Leinbach and Smith 1997; Button and Nijkamp 1997). This initiative led to the development of the North American-based Sustainable Transportation Analysis and Research (STAR) network led by geographer William Black as a counterpart to the European-based Sustainable Transport in Europe and Links and Liaisons with America (STELLA) network. Together, these initiatives and research networks offer significant opportunities for geographers to contribute to a growing body of literature on the environmental, economic, and equity implications of transportation systems.

scholarly journals Verifying Forecast Precipitation Type with mPING*

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly L. Elmore ◽  
Heather M. Grams ◽  
Deanna Apps ◽  
Heather D. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Freezing Rain ◽  
The North ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Precipitation Type ◽  
Surface Observations

Abstract In winter weather, precipitation type is a pivotal characteristic because it determines the nature of most preparations that need to be made. Decisions about how to protect critical infrastructure, such as power lines and transportation systems, and optimize how best to get aid to people are all fundamentally precipitation-type dependent. However, current understanding of the microphysical processes that govern precipitation type and how they interplay with physics-based numerical forecast models is incomplete, degrading precipitation-type forecasts, but by how much? This work demonstrates the utility of crowd-sourced surface observations of precipitation type from the Meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) project in estimating the skill of numerical model precipitation-type forecasts and, as an extension, assessing the current model performance regarding precipitation type in areas that are otherwise without surface observations. In general, forecast precipitation type is biased high for snow and rain and biased low for freezing rain and ice pellets. For both the North American Mesoscale Forecast System and Global Forecast System models, Gilbert skill scores are between 0.4 and 0.5 and from 0.35 to 0.45 for the Rapid Refresh model, depending on lead time. Peirce skill scores for individual precipitation types are 0.7–0.8 for both rain and snow, 0.2–0.4 for freezing rain and freezing rain, and 0.25 or less for ice pellets. The Rapid Refresh model displays somewhat lower scores except for ice pellets, which are severely underforecast, compared to the other models.

scholarly journals Recording Permanence and Ephemerality in the North Quarter of Brussels: Drawing at the Intersection of Time, Space, and People

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-261
Author(s):  
Claire Bosmans ◽  
Racha Daher ◽  
Viviana D’Auria
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Spatial Transformations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The North ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Dimensions Of Space

Lying in the Senne River Valley, the North Quarter of Brussels is a physical record of spatial transformations unevenly distributed over time. Waves of developments and unfinished plans colonized its original landscape structure, erasing, writing, and re-writing it with large-scale metropolitan projects and transportation systems, around which an industrial and urban fabric developed. Accumulated expansions left an assemblage of incomplete infrastructures in which a multi-faceted and highly identifiable quarter lies punctuated by weakly defined morphological mismatches. At the center of this diverse and mutilated fabric, Maximilien Park stands as pars pro toto. From a combination of research methods that includes ethnographic fieldwork and interpretative mapping, three drawings are overlaid with the moving dimensions of space, time, and people, and assembled in a reinterpreted triptych to investigate the production of that public space. The first panel “Traces” overlaps lost urban logics and remaining traces on the urban tissue. The second panel “Cycles” traces the uneven deconstruction of the North Quarter during the last century, identifying scars of its past. The third panel “Resignifications” focuses on recent events in the area, examining how people have appropriated and transformed the park since 2015. With this triptych, the article aims to re-interpret the palimpsest of the North Quarter, represent the area’s transforming character, and unravel a spatial reading of the lived experiences of the place through time.

scholarly journals Prices of accommodation rental as functioning on the basis of a sharing economy in the capitals of cee states

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-162
Author(s):  
Łukasz Mach
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Sharing Economy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
New Information ◽  
Simultaneous Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
New Community ◽  
Additional Charges ◽  
Total Price

Housing rental from private resources, thanks to the growing popularity of a sharing economy, is becoming more and more common. The principles of market activities compliant with the assumptions of a sharing economy create new frameworks in the science of economics, simultaneously subjecting classical methods and tools of management to verification. Making use of new information technologies and peer-to-peer technology, which as part of the former, has facilitated using a sharing economy in the hotel industry, creating a new community in the rental of housing market – people providing services of short-term renting of private accommodation facilities. The conducted research presents one-day rental (of the Bed & Breakfast type) functioning in compliance with the principles of a sharing economy. Its parametrization was carried out in the area of the formation of prices and their distribution. The resources of B&B rental were examined in the capital cities of Central and Eastern Europe. For each city the average prices of rental were determined, as were the average prices of extra services provided within the business activity (i.e. mean service charges and mean charges for cleaning). Additionally, a comparative analysis was carried out regarding the pricing of average rental costs with a simultaneous study of the significance of the differences observed in them. The conducted research allowed defining the structure of the total price of rental, which is composed of the price of the rental displayed on the webpage including offers of B&B rental and additional charges, i.e. the service and the cleaning fees. It follows from the conducted research, among others, that about one-third of the offered housing rental resources did not charge fees for cleaning and that the mean total price of housing rental for all the capitals of European the post-communist states ranged between 50 and 60 euros per night. From the point of view of the mean total rental price, the most expensive cities are Tallinn and Bratislava, whereas the cheapest countries are Bulgaria and Romania. The mean total rental prices for the capitals of Bulgaria and Romania are considerably lower than in the other capital cities of European post-communist states

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

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