On the Curvature of an Euler–Bernoulli Beam

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Kopmaz ◽  
Ömer Gündoğdu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Theory ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Single Moment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam ◽  
The Relationship

This paper deals with different approaches to describing the relationship between the bending moment and curvature of a Euler—Bernoulli beam undergoing a large deformation, from a tutorial point of view. First, the concepts of the mathematical and physical curvature are presented in detail. Then, in the case of a cantilevered beam subjected to a single moment at its free end, the difference between the linear theory and the nonlinear theory based on both the mathematical curvature and the physical curvature is shown. It is emphasized that a careless use of the nonlinear mathematical curvature and moment relationship given in most standard textbooks may lead to erroneous results. Furthermore, a numerical example is given for the reader to make a quantitative assessment.

scholarly journals Grounding semantic transparency in context

Morphology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Varvara ◽  
Gabriella Lapesa ◽  
Sebastian Padó
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distributional Semantics ◽  
Semantic Transparency ◽  
Inclusion Measure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Point ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWe present the results of a large-scale corpus-based comparison of two German event nominalization patterns: deverbal nouns in -ung (e.g., die Evaluierung, ‘the evaluation’) and nominal infinitives (e.g., das Evaluieren, ‘the evaluating’). Among the many available event nominalization patterns for German, we selected these two because they are both highly productive and challenging from the semantic point of view. Both patterns are known to keep a tight relation with the event denoted by the base verb, but with different nuances. Our study targets a better understanding of the differences in their semantic import.The key notion of our comparison is that of semantic transparency, and we propose a usage-based characterization of the relationship between derived nominals and their bases. Using methods from distributional semantics, we bring to bear two concrete measures of transparency which highlight different nuances: the first one, cosine, detects nominalizations which are semantically similar to their bases; the second one, distributional inclusion, detects nominalizations which are used in a subset of the contexts of the base verb. We find that only the inclusion measure helps in characterizing the difference between the two types of nominalizations, in relation with the traditionally considered variable of relative frequency (Hay, 2001). Finally, the distributional analysis allows us to frame our comparison in the broader coordinates of the inflection vs. derivation cline.

Canons to the Left of Him: Brevard Childs, his Critics, and the Future of Old Testament Theology

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Provan
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biblical Theology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Probable Origin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

It is well known that the seeds from which the modern discipline of OT theology grew are already found in 17th and 18th century discussion of the relationship between Bible and Church, which tended to drive a wedge between the two, regarding canon in historical rather than theological terms; stressing the difference between what is transient and particular in the Bible and what is universal and of abiding significance; and placing the task of deciding which is which upon the shoulders of the individual reader rather than upon the church. Free investigation of the Bible, unfettered by church tradition and theology, was to be the way ahead. OT theology finds its roots more particularly in the 18th century discussion of the nature of and the relationship between Biblical Theology and Dogmatic Theology, and in particular in Gabler's classic theoreticalstatementof their nature and relationship. The first book which may strictly be called an OT theology appeared in 1796: an historical discussion of the ideas to be found in the OT, with an emphasis on their probable origin and the stages through which Hebrew religious thought had passed, compared and contrasted with the beliefs of other ancient peoples, and evaluated from the point of view of rationalistic religion. Here we find the unreserved acceptance of Gabler's principle that OT theology must in the first instance be a descriptive and historical discipline, freed from dogmatic constraints and resistant to the premature merging of OT and NT — a principle which in the succeeding century was accepted by writers across the whole theological spectrum, including those of orthodox and conservative inclination.

Transverse Young's Moduli and Cell Shapes in Coniferous Early Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugai Watanabe ◽  
Minoru Fujita ◽  
Misato Norimoto
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The relationship between transverse Young's moduli and cell shapes in coniferous early wood was investigated using cell models constructed by two dimensional power spectrum analysis. The calculated values of tangential Young's modulus qualitatively explained the relationship between experimental values and density as well as the difference in experimental values among species. The calculated values of radial Young's modulus for the species having hexagonal cells agreed well with the experimental values, whereas, for the species having square cells, the calculated values were much larger than the experimental values. This result was ascribed to the fact that the bending moment on the radial cell wall of square cell models was calculated to be small. It is suggested that the asymmetrical shape of real wood cells or the behavior of nodes during ell deformation is an important factor in the mechanism of linear elastic deformation of wood cells.

The relationship of creative leadership with crisis management for the secondary stage in public schools in Jeddah from the teachers' point of view: علاقة القيادة الإبداعية بإدارة الأزمات للمرحلة الثانوية في المدارس الحكومية بمدينة جدة من وِجهة نَظر المعلِّمات

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
pp. 45-18
Author(s):  
Hanaa Ebrahim Semran Al-Juhani, Randa Hariri Hanaa Ebrahim Semran Al-Juhani, Randa Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Creative Leadership ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The study aimed to discover the relationship between practicing creative leadership and school management crisis among female educational leaders of publicsecondary schools in Jeddah from the latter’s’ perspectives. The study adopted adescriptive, correlational-relational research design and used a questionnaire to randomly collect data from a sample of (357) female teachers during the first semester of the 1441/1442AH academic year. Findings revealed that female school leaders practice creative leadership, and school crisis management at a high degree, whereby, accommodation and cooperation styles ranked first and second respectively, and avoidance style ranked last. Findings also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of (0.5 = α) between the means of the degree of creative leadership and crisis management practices referred to the difference in experience. Moreover, results showed a positive correlation between the degree of creative leadership and crises management practices. The study recommended holding events in the education and schools’ management that highlight the role of creative leadership and its impact on enhancing schools’ ability to manage and face crises, along with offering training courses aboutcrisis management, and encouraging relevant practices by teachers and staff members.

The Effect of Waking Suggestion on Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Subjects

It is increasingly realized that hypnosis may be seen from an interpersonal point of view, meaning that it forms part of the relationship between the hypnotist and the subject. From this premise it follows that what goes on in the relationship prior to hypnosis probably has an influence on the hypnosis. Certain of these prior occurences can then be seen as waking suggestionns (however implicitly given) that the subject should behave in a certain way with regard to the subsequent hypnosis. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that waking suggestions regarding post-hypnotic amnesia are effective. Eighteen female subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The groups listened to a tape-recorded talk on hypnosis in which for the one group amnesia for the subsequent hypnotic experience and for the other group no such amnesia was suggested. Thereafter the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale was administered to all subjects. Only the interrogation part of the amnesia item of the scale was administered. The subjects to whom post-hypnotic amnesia was suggested tended to score lower on the amnesia item than the other subjects, as was expected, but the difference between the mean amnesia scores of the two groups was not significant.

scholarly journals Macaulay's Method for a Timoshenko Beam

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. G. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Timoshenko Beam ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Shearing Force ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Deflection Curve ◽  
Axial Coordinate ◽  
Deflection Analysis ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

The Macaulay bracket notation is familiar to many engineers for the deflection analysis of a Euler–Bernoulli beam subject to multiple or discontinuous loads. An expression for the internal bending moment, and hence curvature, is valid at all locations along the beam, and the deflection curve can be calculated by integrating twice with respect to the axial coordinate. The notation obviates the need for matching of multiple constants of integration for the various sections of the beam. Here, the method is extended to a Timoshenko beam, which includes the additional deflection due to shear. This requires an additional expression for the shearing force, also valid at all locations along the beam.

scholarly journals A Structured Approach to Solve the Inverse Eigenvalue Problem for a Beam with Added Mass

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Mir Hosseini ◽  
Natalie Baddour
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Inverse Eigenvalue Problem ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Vibrational System ◽  
Single Mass ◽  
Inverse Eigenvalue ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Structured Approach

The problem of determining the eigenvalues of a vibrational system having multiple lumped attachments has been investigated extensively. However, most of the research conducted in this field focuses on determining the natural frequencies of the combined system assuming that the characteristics of the combined vibrational system are known (forward problem). A problem of great interest from the point of view of engineering design is the ability to impose certain frequencies on the vibrational system or to avoid certain frequencies by modifying the characteristics of the vibrational system (inverse problem). In this paper, a method to impose two natural frequencies on a dynamical system consisting of an Euler-Bernoulli beam and carrying a single mass attachment is evaluated.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation Indexes in Public Administration Some issues of their actual usefulness

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Tampieri
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
European Public ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Indicator Systems

The paper examines the approach to usefulness of performance indicator systems in Public Administration (PA). There are many international studies about this subject, especially from the point of view of efficiency, effectiveness and adequacy. The used approach considers the difference among these indicators based on the level of difficulty in PA implementation. The research compares some indicator systems in European Public Administration considering their easiness and feasibility to apply and connecting these qualities to the basic structures of efficiency, effectiveness and adequacy. The paper aims to compare performance indicator systems of Austria, Italy and Slovenia, emphasizing the relationship between the indicators and their diffusion in government managerial control. In particular the paper underlines the connection between the difficulty of indexes application and the level of diffusion. in Public Administrations.

scholarly journals The Exponential Stability Result of an Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation with Interior Delays and Boundary Damping

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng-cheng Han ◽  
Yan-fang Li ◽  
Gen-qi Xu ◽  
Dan-hong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Stability ◽  
Semigroup Theory ◽  
Stability Result ◽  
Beam Equation ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Boundary Damping ◽  
Exponentially Stable ◽  
Stability Issue ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam ◽  
The Relationship

We study the exponential stability of Euler-Bernoulli beam with interior time delays and boundary damping. At first, we prove the well-posedness of the system by the C0 semigroup theory. Next we study the exponential stability of the system by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functionals. We transform the exponential stability issue into the solvability of inequality equations. By analyzing the relationship between delays parameters α and damping parameters β, we describe (β,α)-region for which the system is exponentially stable. Furthermore, we obtain an estimation of the decay rate λ⁎.

scholarly journals Scour monitoring of a bridge pier through eigenfrequencies analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Belmokhtar ◽  
Franziska Schmidt ◽  
Alireza Ture Savadkoohi ◽  
Christophe Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Bridge Pier ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Scour Monitoring ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Equivalent Length ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

AbstractThis paper presents an innovative method for scour monitoring, based on the analysis of the dynamic response of a bridge pier embedded in the riverbed. Apart from the mechanical and physical characteristics of the pier itself, soil-structure interaction (SSI) has an impact on the dynamical behaviour of the system. This is particularly the case for eigenfrequencies of the pier which decrease when the free length increases. In this paper, analytical developments are carried out for an Euler–Bernoulli beam, modelling the pier which is embedded in the soil with Winkler springs for SSI. By using Hamilton’s principle and endowing the specific boundary conditions, the system frequencies are assessed by looking for roots of the characteristic equation of the system. These eigenfrequencies are then compared with those of an equivalent cantilevered beam, which can be expressed analytically. Moreover, experiments are carried out to validate the concept of equivalent length as a parameter of the inverse problem, linking the dynamic behaviour of the system and the embedded length.

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