scholarly journals Seed Characteristics of Wild Pear Genotypes from the in situ Population of the Banja Luka Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Zavišić ◽  
Jelena Davidović Gidas ◽  
Borut Bosančić
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Seed Germinability ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Banja Luka ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

Wild pear (Pyrus communis var. piraster (L.) Ehrh.) is widely used as a generative rootstock for pear grafting. Seeds for the production of this rootstock should be taken from the registered mother plants. The aim of this research was to select mother plants in wild pear population from three localities (Banja Luka, Manjača, and Potkozarje). Fruit bearing regularity of selected trees was observed from 2012-2016, and the number of seeds per fruit was analysed in 2013, 2015 and 2016. Seed germinability and vitality analysis was carried out on 14 selected tress (genotypes). Seed germinability was tested according to the ISTA guideline. Seed vitality was determined by the tetrazolium test (TT). Accessions from Banja Luka locality expressed the highest fruit production. The highest number of seeds was determined in the genotypes marked as No. 6 and No. 21, amounting to 7.53 and 7.21 seeds, respectively. Seeds of the tested wild pears have shown good vitality. The highest seed vitality and germination of 92% was obtained from the accession No. 20. On the basis of the results, accessions marked with numbers: '6', '8', '20', '25', '31' and '32' can be used as mother plants for pear rootstock production.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL POTENTIAL AND CONSERVATION OF MURUCI (Byrsonima crassifolia) SEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
CAMILA RIBEIRO DE SOUZA GRZYBOWSKI ◽  
WALNICE MARIA OLIVEIRA DO NASCIMENTO ◽  
ROSEMEIRE CARVALHO DA SILVA ◽  
ELISA SERRA NEGRA VIEIRA ◽  
MARISTELA PANOBIANCO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Byrsonima Crassifolia ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

ABSTRACT The goal of the present study is to assess the physiological potential of Byrsonima crassifoliaseeds and analyze the procedures of the germination and tetrazolium tests, as well as the conservation of such seeds by testing different combinations of packaging and environment. The experiment used pyrenes of the clone Açu, collected from mother plants in the germplasm collection of muruci plants of Embrapa Amazonia Oriental, in Belém, Brazil. Different temperatures were tested in the germination test (25, 30, 35 and 20 - 30 ºC). The best methodology and assessment dates were determined for the test, and the seedlings of the species were characterized. Viability was assessed with the tetrazolium test, with combinations of hydration methods (by immersion and between paper towels), staining periods (3 and 4 h) and concentrations of tetrazolium solution (0.5, 0.7 and 1.0%). Storage of muruci pyrenes was evaluated at three, six and twelve months, in polyethylene and Kraft paper bags, under dry chamber and refrigerator conditions. The study used a randomized block design with four replicates. The data underwent analysis of variance. In conclusion, the physiological potential of seeds of B. crassifoliacan be assessed by the germination test conducted in sand, with alternating temperatures of 20-30 ºC, or with the use of the tetrazolium test (with staining for three hours in the tetrazolium solution at 1.0%) as a rapid assessment of viability. Muruci pyrenes can be kept in polythene or paper Kraft bags for up to 12 months, in a dry chamber at 16 ºC and with relative air humidity of 50 to 60%.

scholarly journals Interaction between biological and chemistry fungicides and tomato pollinators

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-435
Author(s):  
Carlos De Melo e Silva-Neto ◽  
Anna Clara Chaves Ribeiro ◽  
Flaviana Lima Gomes ◽  
Jordana Guimarães Neves ◽  
Aniela Pilar Campos de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Bite Marks ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The use of agrochemicals is harmful to bees visiting agricultural crops, reducing production gains from pollination, but the effect of fungicides on these bees is not known. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of bee visitation influenced by different fungicides on the tomato crop and on the deposition of pollen grains on the stigma, number of seeds, mass and fruit size. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments: (T1) control treatment, without application of agrochemicals; (T2 and T3) Bacillus subtilis in different application frequencies; (T4) copper hydroxide; (T5) B. subtilis and copper hydroxide; (T6) acibenzolar-S-methyl; (T7) (trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole) and B. subtilis; (T8) copper hydroxide+Mancozeb; (T9) propineb+(trifloxystrobin+ tebuconazole); (T10) (trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole)+B. subtilis+copper hydroxide. The presence of the pollination mark on the flower, the pollen load of the stigmas, the number of seeds per fruit, and the size and mass of the fruits were determined in each treatment. Subsequently, the mortality rate of Melipona quadrifasciata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) exposed to four fungicides (trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole; manganese and zinc; copper hydroxide; Bacillus subtilis) was estimated. The mortality rate of M. quadrifasciata over 24 h of evaluation was higher in the treatments with copper hydroxide and trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole (75 and 50%, respectively). The mortality rate was lower in the treatments with manganese and zinc and Bacillus subtilis and in the control treatment. The treatments with trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole reduced the presence of bite marks on the flowers and of pollen grains on the flower stigma. The fruits of the control treatments and treatments with B. subtilis and copper hydroxide were larger and had greater mass, as compared to other agrochemicals. Thus, a higher number of pesticide applications on the tomatoes reduced bee visitation rates to the flowers and, consequently, reduced the amount of pollen grains deposited on the stigmas, also reducing the fruit production. 

Crop density and seed production of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra). 2. Reproductive components and seed characteristics

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Fairey ◽  
L. P. Lefkovitch
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The natural growth habit of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. var. rubra) involves a steady proliferation of tillers which eventually become too dense to form seedheads. The effects of the initial density (1.6, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 plants m−2) and row spacing (20, 40 and 80 cm) on reproductive components and seed characteristics of red fescue were studied in a northerly environment for three production years (1991–1993) The weight proportion of cleaned to uncleaned seed decreased as density increased, from 82% at 1.6 plants m−2 to 60% at 100 plants m−2. The thousand-seed weight was 1.20–1.54 g (i.e., 830 000–650 000 seeds kg−1) and decreased as density increased. The specific seed weight was 16–25 kg hL−1; it differed among years and decreased as density increased. The germination capacity of the seed was unaffected by density but differed among years, averaging 87, 92 and 69% in the three consecutive production years. The seed yield per plant, the number of seedheads per plant, and the number of seeds per plant decreased exponentially as the density increased. The number of seeds per seedhead decreased as density increased in the first year but was less affected subsequently, except in the third year at 50 and 100 plants m−2 on 20-cm rows, when no seeds were matured. The seed yield was correlated closely with the number of seedheads per square metre, which increased with density in the first year but decreased as density increased in the two subsequent years. A relatively high density of well-spaced plants is required at establishment to optimize seedhead formation in the first crop but is detrimental to seedhead formation and seed yield subsequently. Key words: Red fescue; Festuca rubra var. rubra, population density, plant and row spacing, yield components, seed quality

scholarly journals The influence of habitat conditions on the performance of two invasive, annuals — Impatiens glandulifera and Bidens frondosa

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt ◽  
Maria Zając
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Impatiens Glandulifera ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Bidens Frondosa ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Invasive Annuals

AbstractThe investigations of habitat conditions on the variability of selected population features in the two invasive, annuals with different life-history traits were conducted in the years 2008–2010, in the Polish part of the Carpathian Mountains in communities characterized by the gradual decrease of light availability. The individuals of Impatiens glandulifera were surveyed along roadsides, in willow thickets, as well as inside and along the edges of the riparian forest, whereas the individuals of Bidens frondosa were observed in riverside gravels characterized by a different species composition. Each year, the number and density of individuals (stems) occurring in the particular sites were examined, as well as the height and the fruit production in 30 randomly chosen stems were surveyed. Moreover, the number of seeds per fruit, the diaspore dimensions and the seedling recruitment in laboratory conditions were examined during each season. As the values of height of individuals, number of fruits per stem, number of seeds per fruit, as well as the seedling abundance in some groups were not consistent with the normal distribution and the variances were not homogeneous, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used in statistical analyses.Much greater number and density of individuals of Impatiens glandulifera were found in riparian forest, than in willow thickets and along the roadsides. In all sites the number and density of individuals increased steadily in consecutive seasons. The great number and density of Bidens frondosa individuals observed in shady and partly shady sites during the first year of studies raised in the second year and subsequently dramatically decreased in the third season. The lowest number and density of individuals noted in the first season in unshaded site raised substantially in subsequent years. The height of stems, as well as seed and fruit production of both taxa diminished with a decrease of height of neighboring plants. The seed dimensions presented the spatial and temporal variability, whereas the number of seedlings among consecutive years and in successive sites did not differ.The considerable height of the individuals of Impatiens glandulifera, high production of large fruits and seeds in open and dry roadside areas can contribute to more effective ballistic dissemination, while substantial seedling recruitment enables the colonization of new, perhaps more advantageous sites. On the other hand, lower individual height, as well as fruit and seed production and considerable seedling emergence allow the population to last and to gradually extend the area in forest communities. The considerable abundance of the high-statured Bidens frondosa individuals, substantial production of large capitula and achenes contribute to long persistence of populations in open and sun-lit sites. The gradually decrease in the height of the stems, achene number and size observed in partly-shaded and shaded places might allow to long-distance dispersal of seeds by animals, while substantial seedling recruitment might contribute to establishment in new areas.

scholarly journals Pre- dispersal seed loss of Ramorinoa girolae (Fabaceae) in Ischigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan, Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594
Author(s):  
Sofía Papú ◽  
Susana Lagos Silnik ◽  
Claudia M. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Dispersal Stage ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Ramorinoa girolae Speg. is a “vulnerable” tree endemic to Argentina. During the pre-dispersal stage, the seeds are predated by Anypsipyla univitella. The objectives of this study were to describe some reproductive parameters (size and number of fruits and seeds) of R. girolae, to quantify pre-dispersal seed loss by abortion and predation, and to test the effect on pre-dispersal seed predation of fruit production (per tree, of co-specific neighbors, and the sum of both), size of fruits, number of seeds per fruit, and number of predators per fruit. As seeds can be partially consumed by the predator, the viability of partially damaged seeds was assessed as well. At Ischigualasto Park, we sampled 17 adult trees from 3 stands spaced 4 km apart. For each focal tree, we quantified the number of co-specific neighbors and their fruits. We collected ten fruits from canopies and recorded their length and the number and states of seeds (intact, predated, and aborted). Generalized Linear Mixed Models were fitted to evaluate explanatory variables affecting the proportion of pre-dispersal predated seeds. R. girolae suffers great loss of seeds during the pre-dispersal stage, mainly by seed predation (58% of seeds). The proportion of predated seeds was most important relative to the number of predators, the number of seeds per fruit, and the size of fruits. Fruits containing more predators, more seeds, and smaller fruits had higher proportions of predated seeds. Seed abortion would not represent an important factor of seed loss (6% of seeds

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of açai palm germplasm from the Marajó’s archipelago and Baixo Tocantins territories

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Thiago Rodrigues de Sousa ◽  
Milene Moara Reis Costa ◽  
Aline Dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Milton Guilherme Da Costa Mota
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Selection Of

The açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a native of the Amazon region, is a food of great importance. Recently, due to the discovery of its nutraceutical properties, the rational production in upland areas has been encouraged. However, to support the rational implementation of its cultivation for fruit production, which is a sort of domestication process, it is necessary to identify its germplasm. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the genetic diversity based on phenotypic characters among açai palm mother plants derived from 11 areas of the Amazonian estuary. Twenty-nine phenotypic descriptors were used: (i) 9 from the plant, (ii) 7 related to the fruit, and (iii) 13 of agronomic nature. Principal component analysis was used to assess the phenotypic variability from standardized data obtained from selected açai palm mother plants. In the selection of the descriptors, the methods of direct selection and selection with re-analysis were used. The disposal efficiency was estimated by comparing dissimilarity groups formed by 11 origins of the açai palms based on 29 original characters and 23 selected characters. The groups were formed using the average standardized Euclidean distance and Tocher’s optimization method. All the analyses were performed using the GENES program. The selection of 79.31% of the descriptors used was significant and was considered sufficient for the evaluation of the açai palm germplasm for fruit production. The selected descriptors were shown to be capable of quantifying the phenotypic diversity of mother plants of this species, consistently grouping them using the optimization method. The cluster method showed small differences in the number and composition of the groups due to variability among the selected mother plants.

scholarly journals Insights into the Formation Mechanism of CdSe Nanoplatelets Using in situ X-ray Scattering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolo Castro ◽  
Sandrine Ithurria ◽  
Nicolas Lequeux ◽  
Doru Constantin ◽  
Pierre Levitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Reactive Medium ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Heating Up ◽  
Templating Effect ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Ray Scattering

<div>Two dimensional ultra thin CdSe nanoplatelets have attracted a large interest due to their optical properties but their formation mechanism is not yet well understood. Several different mechanisms and models have been proposed but quantitative <i>in situ</i> data that could validate or disprove them are lacking. We use synchrotron-based small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering to probe <i>in situ </i>the formation mechanism of CdSe nanoplatelets synthesized using a heating-up method. We prove the absence of a molecular mesophases in the reactive medium at the onset of nanoplatelet formation ruling out a templating effect. A q<sup>-2</sup> regime is observed from the start of the reaction which extends towards smaller wave vectors with time, consistent with the continuous lateral growth of nanoplatelets from a limited number of seeds fed by reactive monomers. A ripening mechanism where small cluster fuse to yield nanoplatelets can also be ruled out by our data. When the final temperature is lowered, larger nanoplatelets are obtained and the SAXS patterns exhibit marked oscillations due to their rolling into curved nanoscrolls. Our experiments thus show that nanoplatelet curvature appears during their synthesis.</div>

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Storage Duration on Strawberry Runner Tip Viability and Field Performance

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1596-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stan C. Hokanson ◽  
Fumiomi Takeda ◽  
John M. Enns ◽  
Brent L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Fruit Harvest

Tissue-culture derived mother plants were established in a greenhouse suspended-gutter, nutrient-film technique growing system to evaluate runner tip productivity in the system. Effects of cultivar (`Allstar', `Chandler', `Latestar', `Northeaster', and USDA selection B 27) and duration (0, 1, or 2 months) of cold storage at 1 °C on tip viability, rooting success, and performance in fruit production were determined. The average number and weight of runner tips produced in the gutter production system, the capacity of runner tips to form cohesively rooted plug plants, and the number and length of adventitious roots produced by runner tips varied significantly among the cultivars and the three storage durations (0, 1, or 2 months). In the field, plants produced from runner tips stored for 2 months produced more runners than plants produced from freshly harvested runner tips. Crown number differed among the cultivars, but was not affected by cold storage treatment. No treatment differences were noted for the fruit harvest parameters evaluated. The results suggest that the transplants derived from mother plants grown in a greenhouse-based soilless system can be useful for annual plasticulture strawberry production in colder climates. Although long periods of cold storage of runner tips resulted in lower tip-to-transplant conversion ratios, field performance of transplants was not adversely affected. Additional research is needed to improve greenhouse strawberry production practices for increasing runner output and storage conditions that maintain the integrity of cold-stored runner tips. Without these improvements it is unlikely that soilless runner tip production will become a widely accepted technique that would replace the field nursery tip production method currently used by commercial strawberry propagators.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) ‘Albariño’ Clones Resulting from Two Clonal Selections

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Boso Alonso ◽  
Virginia Alonso-Villaverde Pilar Gago ◽  
José L. Santiago ◽  
Mariá C. Martínez ◽  
Emilio Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Grapevine Cultivar ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Northwestern Spain ◽  
Spanish Research

The grapevine cultivar Albariño (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most economically important of northwestern Spain. It is also grown in northern Portugal. The present work examines the results obtained by two clonal selection processes involving this cultivar. The first of these was begun in 1987 by the Viticulture Research Group of the Spanish Research Council (CSIC). This involved centuries-old mother plants showing small ampelographic or agronomic differences. The second process was begun in 1989 by the wine-making company Bodegas Terras Gauda S.A. This involved the use of centuries-old ‘Albariño’ plants too, but also of other plants no older than 20 years of age. The number of mother plants originally examined in the CISC procedure was 40, but only eight were finally selected and planted (at the Misión Biológica de Galicia Research Station). In the procedure followed by Bodegas Terras Gauda S.A., 115 mother plants were originally planted. The characteristics of the eight CSIC clones and the 22 surviving Bodegas Terras Gauda S.A. clones were determined. The variability of the eight CSIC clones was found to be greater. It is recommended that candidate materials for use in clonal selection programs be examined for differences in situ before being admitted to collections.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document