scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of açai palm germplasm from the Marajó’s archipelago and Baixo Tocantins territories

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Thiago Rodrigues de Sousa ◽  
Milene Moara Reis Costa ◽  
Aline Dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Milton Guilherme Da Costa Mota
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Selection Of

The açai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), a native of the Amazon region, is a food of great importance. Recently, due to the discovery of its nutraceutical properties, the rational production in upland areas has been encouraged. However, to support the rational implementation of its cultivation for fruit production, which is a sort of domestication process, it is necessary to identify its germplasm. The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the genetic diversity based on phenotypic characters among açai palm mother plants derived from 11 areas of the Amazonian estuary. Twenty-nine phenotypic descriptors were used: (i) 9 from the plant, (ii) 7 related to the fruit, and (iii) 13 of agronomic nature. Principal component analysis was used to assess the phenotypic variability from standardized data obtained from selected açai palm mother plants. In the selection of the descriptors, the methods of direct selection and selection with re-analysis were used. The disposal efficiency was estimated by comparing dissimilarity groups formed by 11 origins of the açai palms based on 29 original characters and 23 selected characters. The groups were formed using the average standardized Euclidean distance and Tocher’s optimization method. All the analyses were performed using the GENES program. The selection of 79.31% of the descriptors used was significant and was considered sufficient for the evaluation of the açai palm germplasm for fruit production. The selected descriptors were shown to be capable of quantifying the phenotypic diversity of mother plants of this species, consistently grouping them using the optimization method. The cluster method showed small differences in the number and composition of the groups due to variability among the selected mother plants.

Phenotypic variability and agronomic traits of açaí tree matrices in the state of Pará, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Rosemiro Dos Santos Galate ◽  
Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão ◽  
Tiago Kesajiro Moraes Yakuwa ◽  
Deivison Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Merilene Do Socorro Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea Mart

Açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native palm tree from the Eastern Amazon, Brazil. It is considered an economically viable source of anthocyanins for the dye and medicine industries. This study aimed to estimate the phenotypic variability and to select genotypes for genetic improvement. Descriptive statistics were used to estimate phenotypic variability. Truncated selection was performed for fruit production per bunch. The collected samples presented the highest fruit yield per cluster of all studied region. Number of fruits per cluster and stem circumference are possibly controlled by few genes. longitudinal fruit diameter may have recessive genes that are decreasing fruit size. Fruit weight, seed weight, pulp weight, number of stem per plant, total cluster length, fruit weight per cluster and pulp yield per fruit presented frequency distribution in favor of heterozygotes. There some characteristics controlled by few genes, with evidence of selection and spontaneous domestication of the matrices.

scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Sadab Alam ◽  
Yead Morshed Nibir ◽  
Tahrima Arman Tusty ◽  
Sayyeed Mahmud Bulbul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Specific Pcr

AbstractStreptococcus mutans, considered as principal causative agent of dental caries, maintains a biofilm lifestyle in the dental plaque. The oral cavity harbors numerous S. mutans strains, which displayed remarkable genotypic and phenotypic diversity. This study evaluated the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of 209 S. mutans strains isolated from 336 patients with dental caries and compared with the universal reference strain UA159. Our study has revealed a high degree of genotypic and phenotypic variability among the clinical strains. We observed significant differences in colony morphology, generation time, biofilm formation, bacteriocin and acid production while growing in culture medium. All the clinical isolates were able to lower pH while growing in THY broth. In consistent with phenotypic variations, we also observed tremendous level of genotypic variation by AP-PCR and gene specific PCR. AP-PCR analysis suggested that most of the patients with dental caries have distinct type of S. mutans strains. Genes related to various two component systems were highly conserved among the strains, however, bacteriocin encoding genes such as nlmAB, nlmC were absent in half of the clinical isolates. In sum, our study highlights the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of S. mutans clinical isolates and indicates the presence of diverse mechanism to initiate and establish the biofilm lifestyle which leads to tooth decay.

scholarly journals Structure of the phenotypic variability of fruit and seed traits in natural populations of Eugenia dysenterica dc. (Myrtaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ribeiro Diniz Boaventura Novaes ◽  
Elias Emanuel Silva Mota ◽  
Evandro Novaes ◽  
Mariana Pires de Campos Telles ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Hierarchical Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Eugenia Dysenterica

Abstract Eugenia dysenterica DC. (cagaita tree) is a fruit tree native to the Brazilian Cerrado. It is a promising species for cultivation, but little basic information exists on the phenotypic diversity and quantitative variation of its fruits and seeds at a population scale. Thus, the present study proposes to estimate the phenotypic parameters of the species’ fruits and seeds based on the variability among mother plants and among subpopulations, thereby aiming to increase knowledge for breeding and conservation of the species. For this, 25 natural subpopulations (local populations) were sampled in five Brazilian states. Within each subpopulation, 20 fruits were collected from each of six sampled mother plants. Data for biomass, transverse and longitudinal lengths of the fruits and seeds were subjected to estimates of descriptive parameters, correlation and hierarchical analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant variation, including high levels of phenotypic variation, was observed among mother plants within the subpopulations and between the subpopulations. The high variation and the formation of phenotypically divergent groups are important elements for the breeding of cagaita tree, whose mother plants can now be selected for the traits studied. Phenotypic divergence between populations (PST) can be used as an indicator of the structuring of the phenotypic variation of the species in its natural area of occurrence.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization and compatibility among genotypes to select elite clones of cupuassu

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Moysés ALVES ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Sousa SILVA ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Bevilaqua de ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
Vinicius Silva dos SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Ongoing Activity ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Theobroma Grandiflorum ◽  
Distance Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Genetic Distance Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The expansion of the genetic base of cultivated materials is an ongoing activity of the cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) breeding program. However, the parents involved need to be genotypically and phenotypically characterized to ensure compatibility of crossings, as well as to assist in the selection of more promising individuals for hybridization. This study aimed to identify and select T. grandiflorum clones that are compatible and genetically divergent using tools such as the estimates of genotypic, phenotypic, and combined distances, as well as the compatibility rates among clones. The genetic distance analysis of the clones was performed with 14 heterologous microsatellite primers of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) that amplify the DNA of cupuassu. Phenotypic characterization was based on 14 variables related to fruit production. The joint dissimilarity matrix was obtained by means of the sum of the phenotypic and molecular dissimilarity matrices. The intra- and inter-clonal compatibility was estimated through controlled crossings. A low correlation was noted between the dissimilarity matrices based on the molecular and agronomic data. As for compatibility, all clones were self-incompatible, with different compatibility rates when crossed. The compatibility index was strongly influenced by the degree of relationship of the clones. It was possible to identify and select the most promising sets of cupuassu clones to be used in breeding programs, despite their genetic relationship.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF COFFEE PROGÊNIES FOR RESISTANCE TO LEAF RUST AND FAVORABLE AGRONOMIC TRAITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Rafael Almeida Dias ◽  
Marcelo Resende Ribeiro ◽  
Alex Mendonça Carvalho ◽  
Cesar Elias Botelho ◽  
Antonio Guimarães Mendes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Coffee Rust ◽  
Selection Gain ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Productivity Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this study was to select coffee progenies with better assessment that can result in coffee rust resistant cultivars and better agronomic characteristics than the traditional ones. The essay was performed at the EPAMIG experimental field in Patrocínio, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Twenty-five progenies in the F3 generation were studied.  The experiment was set in a randomized complete block design with three replicates and ten plants per plot, arranged in rows at 3.5x0.7m. Productivity assessment, fruit production, in liters of “farm coffee” per plot, bean rating in a sieve (16 or above), and plant vigor were accessed in three different harvest seasons (2011/2012 harvest to 2014/2015 harvest), and coffee rust incidence and severity were then evaluated for 2016. The production profit estimation through the selection was also assessed, by the gain of direct selection for each characteristic, when compared to the rank addition. Progenies 13 (Icatu V. IAC 4040 x IAC 5002) and 3 (Icatu A. IAC 2944 x IAC 5002) were promising in generation advance, for being among the five most productive progenies. The selection gain reached by direct selection was superior than the gain of the total rank additions.

scholarly journals Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from patients with dental caries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahadat Hossain ◽  
Sadab Alam ◽  
Yead Morshed Nibir ◽  
Tahrima Arman Tusty ◽  
Sayyeed Mahmud Bulbul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background and Objectives: The oral cavity harbors numerous Streptococcus mutans strains which display remarkable genotypic and phenotypic diversity. This study evaluated the genotypic and phenotypic diversity of 209 S. mutans strains isolated from 336 patients with dental caries and compared with the universal reference strain, UA159. Materials and Methods: Selective cultivation on mitis-salivaries-bacitracin agar and species-specific polymerase chain re- action (PCR) was carried out to isolate and identify the 209 S. mutans isolates from 336 patients with dental caries. Arbitrari- ly primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR), PCR amplification of specific gene, acid production and biofilm formation capacity were performed to evaluate the genotypic and phenotypic variation. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for analysis of variables and a probability (P) of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Our study revealed a high degree of genotypic and phenotypic variability among the clinical strains. We observed significant differences in colony morphology, generation time, biofilm formation, and acid production while growing in cul- ture medium. All the clinical isolates were able to lower pH while growing in Todd-Hewitt broth. Consistent with phenotypic variations, we also observed genotypic variation by AP-PCR and gene specific PCR. AP-PCR analysis suggested that most of the patients with dental caries have distinct type of S. mutans strains. Genes related to various two component systems were highly conserved among the isolated strains, however, bacteriocin encoding genes such as nlmAB, nlmC were absent in nearly half of the clinical isolates. Conclusion: Our results support that S. mutans clinical isolates have wide genotypic diversity and show variation in growth kinetics, acid production, acid tolerance and biofilm formation capacity and indicates the presence of diverse mechanism to initiate and establish the biofilm lifestyle which leads to tooth decay.

Evaluation of Large-Sunflower Lines of Sunflower on Quantitative Morphological Traits

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-55
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Turkish Origin ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Special Area ◽  
Pericarp Color ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Confectionery sunflower - a special area of use of sunflower, which requires the creation of marketable seeds quality features. One of the possible ways to create large-fruited sunflower is to create production hybrids and lines. Objective: to evaluate the created new large-fruited sunflower lines by a complex of morphological characters and determine the best lines for use as large-seeds hybrids as parent components or source material. In 2016-2019 years on the basis of the Institute of Oilseed Crops NAAS a study was conducted to assess the economic characteristics of large-fruited sunflower lines. We studied a collection of 27 lines of large-seeds sources. The lines were created by direct selection or crossing and sampling: Reyny of Argentinean origin, Zaporizhzhya confectionery variety, confectionery hybrid with striped pericarp color of Israeli origin, white seed of Turkish origin, synthetic population - donor of complex resistance. To study from the collection, lines were drawn that went through at least 7 generations with selection for seed size. Experience has shown that the shortest growing season for lines 174d and KP11 was 99 days, and the longest for lines I2K670 was 109 days. In the studied collection, the greatest mass of 1000 seeds has the KP11-146.47g line, which is the mother component and does not have branching. The second by weight of 1000 seeds (109 g) stood out line 168v, which also had branches and pollen fertility restoration genes and will be used as the paternal form. The third largest is also one basket line ZKN51-100. The collection included lines originating from the same combination, but with a different morphotype for the presence and absence of branching. So, based on the combination of KP11 x Zaporizhzhya Confectionery, three lines were obtained. A mass of 1000 seeds was observed in 98-86 g, with the branching line having the largest mass of 1000 seeds. The lines created with one combination VK678 x ZKN32: with a branch 168a had a mass of 1000 seeds 95g, and a line 168b - without a branch 109 g. Of the two lines obtained from the descendants of the combination KP11 x the striped hybrid both had branches, but the seeds were much smaller (weight of 1000 seeds 59 and 79 g). The collection also studied samples created on the basis of varieties and populations 160c, 174, 175b, the mass of 1000 seeds of which turned out to be more acceptable for large-fruited use from 83 to 99 g. Summing up the results of studying the collection of newly created lines, we can highlight the lines 162d, 168v, 175b, KP11 that are potentially promising for use in hybrids. The selections showed that large-fruited lines can be obtained from large-fruited varieties, self-pollination of large-fruited hybrids and crossing lines with hybrids and varieties. Self-pollination and selection of large-fruited lines in several generations does not provide the necessary variability for positive changes in selections. The result of the selection by weight of 1000 seeds in the offspring from crosses and from populations creates opportunities for new large-seeds sunflower.

scholarly journals Unlocking the Patterns of the Tunisian Durum Wheat Landraces Genetic Structure Based on Phenotypic Characterization in Relation to Farmer’s Vernacular Name

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Cyrine Robbana ◽  
Zakaria Kehel ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Carlos Guzmán ◽  
M’Barek Ben Naceur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Wheat Landraces ◽  
Durum Wheat Landraces

During the 1970s, Tunisian durum wheat landraces were replaced progressively by modern cultivars. These landraces are nowadays maintained by smallholder farmers in some ecological niches and are threatened gradually by extinction resulting in the narrowing of the genetic diversity. This study aims to investigate patterns of phenotypic variability using twelve quantitative traits in a panel of 189 durum wheat landraces and seven checks, based on farmer’s population name attribution and genetic structure. Our results showed high phenotypic variability among and within landraces and checks for ten out of twelve studied traits. The principal components analysis showed similar grouping using farmers name attribution and genetic structure using K = 6. These results confirmed the identification of a new gene pool in the oases of Tunisia, represented by the sub-population Jenah Zarzoura and the robustness and high relationships between phenotypic and genome-wide genetic structure using DArTseq method. These findings will enhance the conservation efforts of these landraces and their use in breeding efforts at national and international levels to adapt to dry conditions.

scholarly journals Positive Selection of Novel Peroxisome Biogenesis-Defective Mutants of the Yeast Pichia pastoris

Genetics ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379-1391
Author(s):  
Monique A Johnson ◽  
Hans R Waterham ◽  
Galyna P Ksheminska ◽  
Liubov R Fayura ◽  
Joan Lin Cereghino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Allyl Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Methylotrophic Yeast ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Peroxisome Biogenesis ◽  
Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Methylotrophic Yeast Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract We have developed two novel schemes for the direct selection of peroxisome-biogenesis-defective (pex) mutants of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Both schemes take advantage of our observation that methanol-induced pex mutants contain little or no alcohol oxidase (AOX) activity. AOX is a peroxisomal matrix enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the methanol-utilization pathway. One scheme utilizes allyl alcohol, a compound that is not toxic to cells but is oxidized by AOX to acrolein, a compound that is toxic. Exposure of mutagenized populations of AOX-induced cells to allyl alcohol selectively kills AOX-containing cells. However, pex mutants without AOX are able to grow. The second scheme utilizes a P. pastoris strain that is defective in formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), a methanol pathway enzyme required to metabolize formaldehyde, the product of AOX. AOX-induced cells of fld1 strains are sensitive to methanol because of the accumulation of formaldehyde. However, fld1 pex mutants, with little active AOX, do not efficiently oxidize methanol to formaldehyde and therefore are not sensitive to methanol. Using these selections, new pex mutant alleles in previously identified PEX genes have been isolated along with mutants in three previously unidentified PEX groups.

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