scholarly journals Role of Sanitary Engineers in Prevention of Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Vujasinović ◽  
Milka Stijepić ◽  
Radoslav Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Study Programs

Among the most emphasized consequences of pandemic COVID-19 influence is a negative trend of economic development and lock down of many production companies. One of areas where sanitary engineers can be engaged is drinking water safety and safety of wastewater. The new situation requires the change of actual teaching content during the teaching process of sanitary engineers, with the purpose of their training for inclusion in activities on prevention of virus spreading and controlling subjects in charge of people health protection, food safety and protection of living environment. It is very important that higher school institution authorities become familiar with knowledge gaps, potential implications on food, water and environment safety, research direction and other issues related to virus control, among which is also SARS–COV-2. The aim of this work is to encourage wider discussion on promotion of the actual study programs on higher institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and neighbouring countries as well as development of content proposals, which can lead to knowledge promotion, and competence of graduated students. During the recent discussion, we came to conclusion that it is necessary to develop studies, which have multidisciplinary approach, including the area of public health system, quality, food safety, environment protection and administrative law. Apart from that, students should obtain the necessary knowledge level in area of organization, management and economy, and with the purpose of enabling continuous production and income creation. We should also develop student research capabilities.

Numerical Analysis of Sludge Pump with Recessed Centrifugal Impeller

2012 ◽  
Vol 212-213 ◽  
pp. 1271-1274
Author(s):  
Hong Geng Zhu ◽  
Ren Tian Zhang ◽  
Li Sheng Wei ◽  
Li Ming Zhang ◽  
Ren Yong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Internal Flow ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Centrifugal Impeller ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Navier Stokes Equations ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
The One

The sedimentation in rural rivers of China are threatening the drinking water safety of rural population, affecting their living environment, and weakening their comprehensive agricultural productivity. In this paper the internal flow patterns of a sludge pump with three different recessed centrifugal impellers were analyzed based on CFD by using the turbulence model to close the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. On the basis of computed results their energy performances were compared that the pump with backward bent blades gets highest hydraulic efficiency and the one with forward bent blades obtains lowest hydraulic efficiency while the one with straight blades goes intermedium.

Hygienic Evaluation of Reclaimed Water Used to Irrigate Food Crops—A Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sheikh ◽  
R. C. Cooper ◽  
K. E. Israel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drinking Water Safety

The study was designed to test the continued validity of a field pilot project (completed in 1987) that had found irrigation of food crops with tertiary-treated reclaimed municipal wastewater to be safe. It was also designed to determine whether or not pathogenic microorganisms of concern to food safety, such as E. coli 0157:H7, Cyclospora, enteric viruses and Salmonella were present in disinfected tertiary recycled water. Sampling of the tertiary water was conducted at intervals over a period of three months. In addition, at the same time, samples were taken from the raw incoming wastewater, from secondary effluent, and from a control source, local well water. The results from samples of recycled water are comparable to similar tests at other well-operated, tertiary recycled water treatment plants and compare well with sources of drinking water supply. Other parasites, of lesser concern to food safety than to drinking water safety, were either absent or were detected at extremely low concentrations of empty, non-viable cysts. The Tertiary Water Food Safety Study did not detect any Salmonella, Cyclospora and E. coli 0157:H7 in any of the samples of tertiary recycled water from the Monterey Country Water Recycling Projects (MCWRP).

scholarly journals Transdisciplinary AI Observatory—Retrospective Analyses and Future-Oriented Contradistinctions

Philosophies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Nadisha-Marie Aliman ◽  
Leon Kester ◽  
Roman Yampolskiy
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Ai Safety

In the last years, artificial intelligence (AI) safety gained international recognition in the light of heterogeneous safety-critical and ethical issues that risk overshadowing the broad beneficial impacts of AI. In this context, the implementation of AI observatory endeavors represents one key research direction. This paper motivates the need for an inherently transdisciplinary AI observatory approach integrating diverse retrospective and counterfactual views. We delineate aims and limitations while providing hands-on-advice utilizing concrete practical examples. Distinguishing between unintentionally and intentionally triggered AI risks with diverse socio-psycho-technological impacts, we exemplify a retrospective descriptive analysis followed by a retrospective counterfactual risk analysis. Building on these AI observatory tools, we present near-term transdisciplinary guidelines for AI safety. As further contribution, we discuss differentiated and tailored long-term directions through the lens of two disparate modern AI safety paradigms. For simplicity, we refer to these two different paradigms with the terms artificial stupidity (AS) and eternal creativity (EC) respectively. While both AS and EC acknowledge the need for a hybrid cognitive-affective approach to AI safety and overlap with regard to many short-term considerations, they differ fundamentally in the nature of multiple envisaged long-term solution patterns. By compiling relevant underlying contradistinctions, we aim to provide future-oriented incentives for constructive dialectics in practical and theoretical AI safety research.

scholarly journals Biosensing Near the Exceptional Point Based on Resonant Optical Tunneling Effect

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Pengyun Yan ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Aoqun Jian ◽  
Shengbo Sang
Keyword(s):  
Exceptional Point ◽  
Tunneling Effect ◽  
Coupled Mode Theory ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Coupled Mode ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Optical Tunneling

Inspired by exceptional point (EP) sensing in non-Hermitian systems, in this work, a label-free biosensor for detecting low-concentration analytes is proposed, via a special multilayer structure: a resonant optical tunneling resonator. Due to the square root topology near the exceptional point, a recognized target analyte perturbs the system deviated from the exceptional point, leading to resolvable modes splitting in the transmission spectrum. The performance of the designed sensor is analyzed by the coupled-mode theory and transfer matrix method, separately. Here, the simulation results demonstrate that the obtained sensitivity is 17,120 nm/imaginary part unit of refractive index (IP) and the theoretical detection limit is 4.2 × 10−8 IP (regarding carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the minimum detection value is 1.78 ng). Instead of the typical diffusion manner, the liquid sample is loaded by convection, which can considerably improve the efficiency of sample capture and shorten the response time of the sensor. The sketched sensor may find potential application in the fields of biomedical detection, environment protection, and drinking water safety.

Study on Mechanism Design of Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering Project Financing Guarantee

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 674-681
Author(s):  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Safety Engineering ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Public Fund ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Set Up

As more and more non-public fund entering rural drinking water safety engineering project market; it becomes very necessary to built rural drinking water safety engineering project guarantee mechanism. This paper proposes three steps of mechanism design. Firstly, history data is used to fit multivariate linear equation set up describing relationship between bank loss and key risk factors. Secondly, guarantee fee is calculated through model regression, which is threefold of possible bank loss. Thirdly, guarantee fee is adjusted according to variety of key risk factor in the process of project construction and operating.

Implementation of Alberta's drinking water safety plans

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Reid ◽  
K. Abramowski ◽  
A. Beier ◽  
A. Janzen ◽  
D. Lok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Water Safety Plans ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water

Traditionally, the regulatory approach to maintaining the quality and safety of drinking water has largely been a prescriptive one based on the ability of any given supply to meet standards set for a number of different chemical and biological parameters. There are a number of issues around the assumptions and the limitations of a sampling and analysis regime. The basis for such regimes is essentially reactive rather than proactive and, consequently, the cause of the concern may already have impacted consumers before any effective action can be taken. Environment and Sustainable Resource Development has developed a template for recording drinking water safety plans together with guidance notes to help complete them. The template has been developed in MS-Excel and has been designed in a straightforward step-wise manner with guidance on the completion of each sheet. It includes four main risk tables covering each main element of water supply which are pre-populated with commonly found ‘generic’ risks and these are carefully assessed before considering what action is required to deal with significant risks. Following completion of the risk tables, key risks are identified and the interventions required to bring them into control.

A fatal waterborne disease epidemic in Walkerton, Ontario: comparison with other waterborne outbreaks in the developed world

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
P. Payment ◽  
P.M. Huck ◽  
R.W. Gillham ◽  
E.J. Hrudey
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Contaminated Drinking Water ◽  
The Government ◽  
Safety Of Drinking Water ◽  
Developed World

An estimated 2,300 people became seriously ill and seven died from exposure to microbially contaminated drinking water in the town of Walkerton, Ontario, Canada in May 2000. The severity of this drinking water disaster resulted in the Government of Ontario calling a public inquiry by Mr. Justice Dennis O’Connor to address the cause of the outbreak, the role (if any) of government policies in contributing to this outbreak and, ultimately, the implications of this experience on the safety of drinking water across the Province of Ontario. The circumstances surrounding the Walkerton tragedy are an important reference source for those concerned with providing safe drinking water. Although some circumstances are obviously specific to this epidemic, others are uncomfortably reminiscent of waterborne outbreaks that have occurred elsewhere. These recurring themes suggested the need for attention to broad issues of drinking water security and they present the challenge for how drinking water safety can be managed to prevent such tragedies in the future.

Rapid drinking water safety estimation in cities: Piloting a globally scalable method in Cochabamba, Bolivia

2019 ◽  
Vol 654 ◽  
pp. 1132-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Rocha-Melogno ◽  
Rebecca Yoo ◽  
Osvaldo Broesicke ◽  
Achilles Kallergis ◽  
José Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Drinking Water Safety ◽  
Safety Estimation
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