scholarly journals Reform of the New York’s public health system in the context of rapid urban development (turn of the XIX – XX centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Vladimirovna Zhilina
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Health System ◽  
York City ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The City

This article explores the factors for conducting administrative reforms in the United States in the area of public health. For detailed consideration, the author selected New York City as an example the largest metropolitan area that faced aggravation of social problems due to the shortcomings in the existing public health system. Rapid increase in the number of resident in the conditions of significant growth of population density led to proliferation of the dangerous infectious diseases, for elimination of which local authorities had to take prompt actions of state regulation, including creation of the new administrative branches. Special attention is given to the treatment of tuberculosis and preventive measures thereof, namely the importance of tracking all new cases. In studying public health system of New York City, the author applied interdisciplinary approach that ensured comprehensive and objective outlook upon the problems of poorest population groups of the city. Comparative-historical method was used juxtapose the situation in New York and typologically similar US metropolises. Chronological method allowed tracing the patterns in evolution of administrative innovations, and assessing them in a single historical perspective. The main conclusion consists in the statement that private medicine appeared to be insufficient due to the drastic changes of social conditions in the densely populated metropolises, as the constantly growing population of poor immigrant neighborhoods was capable of paying for medical services. At the same time, namely the residents of such ghettos were most vulnerable category of population from the standpoint of epidemiology. Taking preventive measures by the municipal authorities, which included mass vaccination and clearing New York streets from dirt and trash, became an effective way to alleviate the situation. The administrative reforms in the city significantly improved the situation, which laid the foundation for sweeping changes in the future.

scholarly journals Outcomes of COVID-19 Admissions in the New York City Public Health System and Variations by Hospitals and Boroughs During the Initial Pandemic Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anant Dinesh ◽  
Taha Mallick ◽  
Tatiana M. Arreglado ◽  
Brian L. Altonen ◽  
Ryan Engdahl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Health System ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pandemic Response

Introduction: In the initial pandemic regional differences may have existed in COVID-19 hospitalizations and patient outcomes in New York City. Whether these patterns were present in public hospitals is unknown. The aim of this brief study was to investigate COVID-19 hospitalizations and outcomes in the public health system during the initial pandemic response.Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on COVID-19 admissions in New York City public hospitals during the exponential phase of the pandemic. All data were collected from an integrated electronic medical records system (Epic Health Systems, Verona, WI). Overall, 5,422 patients with at least one admission each for COVID-19 were reviewed, with a study of demographic characteristics (including age, gender, race, BMI), pregnancy status, comorbidities, facility activity, and outcomes. Data related to hospitalization and mortality trends were also collected from City of New York website. These data often involved more than one facility and/or service line resulting in more location or treatment facility counts than patients due to utilization of services at more than one location and transfers between locations and facilities.Results: Higher mortality was associated with increasing age with the highest death rate (51.9%) noted in the age group >75 years (OR 7.88, 95%CI 6.32–10.08). Comorbidities with higher mortality included diabetes (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.33–1.70), hypertension (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.44–1.83), cardiovascular conditions (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.47–1.87), COPD (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.39–2.50). It was deduced that 20% of all New York City COVID-19 positive admissions were in public health system during this timeframe. A high proportion of admissions (21.26%) and deaths (19.93%) were at Elmhurst Hospital in Queens. Bellevue and Metropolitan Hospitals had the lowest number of deaths, both in borough of Manhattan. Mortality in public hospitals in Brooklyn was 29.9%, Queens 28.1%, Manhattan 20.4%.Conclusion: Significant variations existed in COVID-19 hospitalizations and outcomes in the public health system in New York City during the initial pandemic. Although outcomes are worse with older age and those with comorbidities, variations in hospitals and boroughs outside of Manhattan are targets to investigate and strategize efforts.

scholarly journals Challenges of Conducting Point-Of-Care Testing Operations During The COVID-19 Pandemic In The Municipal Public Health System Based Ambulatory Care And School Health Clinics In New York City

2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S115-S115
Author(s):  
T Sherpa ◽  
T Choesang ◽  
S Ahmad ◽  
F M Huq Ronny
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Health System ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Ambulatory Care Clinics

Abstract Introduction/Objective Our New York City Municipal Public Health System based multisite ambulatory clinics and school-based clinics, offer various waived POCT (point of care tests) and provider performed microscopy (PPM). To ensure standardization and quality of POC testing across our health system, our laboratory service conducts system wide centralized implementation, monitoring and oversight of the POCT operations in regard to regulatory compliance, test performance, quality control and training. With the emergence of the COVID-19 infection in the New York City, like all other clinical laboratories, our ambulatory care clinics encountered numerous hurdles and challenges. Here we elaborated the issues that we encountered and how we managed to overcome during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods/Case Report We categorized the challenges that affected our managers as well as field level laboratory operations and have devised a plane to deal with COVID-19 related predicaments. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) Among the staffing issues, staff relocation to the acute care hospital laboratories during the peak of the pandemic caused massive delay or cessation of POCT operations in our ambulatory care clinics. Manual result entry, for COVID-19 testing, at the patient portals due to lack of interface with the reference testing labs, staff shortages and frequent absences due to illness and fatigue were primary issues noted at technical level. Furthermore, there were notable delays in the processing of paper works and new staff recruitments. The lack of and significant delays in the critical laboratory supplies was another major management issue. Conclusion Given the vastness and complexity of our multisite ambulatory care network, the COVID -19 pandemic impacted our ambulatory care clinic POCT operation in a very challenging way. However, our timeliness, coordinated interventions, close communications and initiatives handled the obstacles that arose very effectively to the ensure quality of POC testing, patient safety and quality care across our health system.

Hospitals: N.Y. Appellate Court Denies Move to Privatize Public Hospital

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
Robert Chatham
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Municipal Hospital ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Benefit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Benefit Corporation ◽  
The City

The Court of Appeals of New York held, in Council of the City of New York u. Giuliani, slip op. 02634, 1999 WL 179257 (N.Y. Mar. 30, 1999), that New York City may not privatize a public city hospital without state statutory authorization. The court found invalid a sublease of a municipal hospital operated by a public benefit corporation to a private, for-profit entity. The court reasoned that the controlling statute prescribed the operation of a municipal hospital as a government function that must be fulfilled by the public benefit corporation as long as it exists, and nothing short of legislative action could put an end to the corporation's existence.In 1969, the New York State legislature enacted the Health and Hospitals Corporation Act (HHCA), establishing the New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) as an attempt to improve the New York City public health system. Thirty years later, on a renewed perception that the public health system was once again lacking, the city administration approved a sublease of Coney Island Hospital from HHC to PHS New York, Inc. (PHS), a private, for-profit entity.

Creating the Latino City

Latino City ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llana Barber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Public Culture ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Population ◽  
Transnational Activities ◽  
The City

Chapter Seven traces Lawrence's transition to a Latino-majority city with the 2000 census, including the tremendous increase in immigration during the 1980s that led Lawrence to become home to the largest concentration of Dominicans in the United States outside of New York City. The city's Latino population came to define Lawrence's public culture in this period, and the long push for Latino political power in the city was ultimately successful in many ways. This chapter discusses the transnational activities that brought new vitality to Lawrence's economy and its public spaces, yet larger structural forces continued to create obstacles to Latinos finding in Lawrence the better life they pursued.

The Economic Impact of Tuberculosis in Hospitals in New York City: A Preliminary Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Arno ◽  
Christopher J.L. Murray ◽  
Karen A. Bonuck ◽  
Philip Alcabes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
The City

There is a nationwide resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the country’s urban centers; New York City stands at the forefront of this resurgence. The root causes are increased homelessness, drug addiction and poverty, all symbols of deteriorating social and economic conditions in the city. The inadequate level of public health resources devoted to TB has also contributed to its spread. Still, even with these factors, it is questionable whether the escalating number of TB cases in this country would have occurred without the reservoir of immunosuppressed persons, who are less resistant to the disease, created by the AIDS epidemic. The fear and urgency of this public health crisis, which has been emerging since the beginning of the last decade, are fueled by the rise of TB strains resistant to the first-line drugs and by the disease’s contagiousness.

The Health Care Workforce in Los Angeles County and New York City: A Comparison and Analysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Berliner ◽  
Christine T. Kovner ◽  
Cordelia Reimers
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Health System ◽  
York City ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Care Workforce

New York City and Los Angeles County have the largest health systems in the United States, but they differ significantly in structure. This study compares and analyzes the structural and workforce differences between the two. The health system in New York City is centered around its large hospitals, and as a result New York employs many more health workers than Los Angeles County, where the health system is centered around physician groups. Health care is a significant contributor to the economy of both areas, but a larger contributor to the economy in New York City.

Asthma, Allergy, and Air Pollution

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge F. Goldstein ◽  
Martin Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
New York City ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
York City ◽  
The United States ◽  
York City Department ◽  
Diesel Trucks ◽  
The City

One night in early October 1997, Felipe G., a nine-year-old child of Dominican immigrants to New York City living in East Harlem, woke up struggling for breath. Felipe had had asthma attacks before, and his parents knew, or thought they knew, what to do: they called for an ambulance, which rushed him to the emergency room of Harlem Hospital nearby. But this time he stopped breathing on the way to the hospital, and could not be revived there. His younger sister Ana also has asthma, but so far has never had to go to the emergency room. The tenement building in which Felipe’s family lives is three blocks from the Harlem River Drive, a highway on which thousands of cars travel each workday, emitting, in spite of their catalytic converters, large quantities of oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and incompletely combusted gasoline. Several blocks north is a parking garage for the diesel trucks of the New York City Department of Sanitation. The drivers of the trucks that use the lot often keep their motors idling, so that great quantities of diesel exhaust particles are emitted to the surrounding area. The Harlem district of New York City, inhabited mainly by African-Americans and Hispanics, is shielded to a large extent from the prevailing west winds by higher areas on the west side of Manhattan. Hence, air pollution produced within Harlem—for example, by cars, diesel trucks, and buses, and by an electric power generating plant located there—tends to remain longer than in other areas of the city. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection operated a network of air monitoring stations from the 1940s to the 1970s, during which time Harlem was consistently found to be the most polluted area in the city. It had then, and still has, one of the highest rates of hospitalization for asthma in the city. In most countries, asthma is more common among children of higher social class. In the United States this pattern is reversed: people living in the inner cities of the United States, mostly low-income minorities, have higher rates of asthma than other Americans.

scholarly journals The Politics of Inequality in the Face of Financial Crisis

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey C. Isaac
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
New York State ◽  
Vice President ◽  
The United States ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Queens College ◽  
The City

I entered college in September of 1975, a working class kid from Queens whose father, Hyman Isaac, was an unemployed linotype operator (I wonder how many of our younger readers even know what that is; it's a typesetter, a trade that no longer exists), and whose mother, Sylvia Isaac, was an office secretary. I thus enrolled at Queens College, the neighborhood school, part of the City University of New York which, in 1975, offered free tuition to all New York City high school graduates. A month later, on October 30, the New York Daily News carried one of the most famous newspaper headlines of the century: “Ford to the City: Drop Dead.” The Ford in question was Gerald Ford, the unelected President of the United States who had acceded to the office from the House of Representatives when first the Vice-President (Spiro Agnew) and then the President (Richard Nixon) resigned amid scandal and disgrace. And his “drop dead” to “the city”—New York City—was a strong declaration that the US government would not bail New York out of the severe fiscal crisis in which it was mired. That same autumn, the State of New York passed the New York State Financial Emergency Act of The City of New York, placing the city in receivership, under the fiscal control of a state-appointed Emergency Financial Control Board: EFCB. That acronym, and a second with which it was conjoined—MAC, or “Big MAC,” the Municipal Assistance Corporation, the bond authority led by Felix Rohatyn that became the veritable executive office of the city—is indelibly stamped on the psyches of all who lived in and around New York in those years. For me, a teenage college student, the most palpable effect of all of this was the abolition of tuition-free higher education in New York City in 1976—a sour note during that year's bicentennial celebration of American freedom.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document