scholarly journals Diversity of cultivated aerobic poly-hydrolytic bacteria in saline alkaline soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Tatiana V. Kolganova ◽  
Tatiana V. Khijniak ◽  
Brian E. Jones ◽  
Ilya V. Kublanov
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Bacteria ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Soda Soils

Alkaline saline soils known also as “soda solonchaks” represent a natural soda habitat which differed from soda lake sediments by higher aeration and lower humidity. The microbiology of soda soils, in contrast to the more intensively studied soda lakes, remains poorly explored. In this work we present information on the diversity of culturable aerobic haloalkalitolerant bacteria with various hydrolytic activities from soda soils at different locations in Central Asia and Africa. In total, 180 isolates were obtained by using media with various polymers at pH 10 and 0.6 M total Na+. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, most of the isolates belonged to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Most isolates possessed multiple hydrolytic activities, including endoglucanase, xylanase, amylase and protease. The pH profiling of selected representatives of actinobacteria and endospore-forming bacteria showed, that the former were facultative alkaliphiles, while the latter were mostly obligate alkaliphiles. The hydrolases of both groups were active at a broad pH range from 6 to 11. Overall, this work demonstrated the presence of a rich hydrolytic bacterial community in soda soils which might be explored further for production of haloalkalistable hydrolases.

scholarly journals Diversity of cultivated aerobic poly-hydrolytic bacteria in saline alkaline soils

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Tatiana V. Kolganova ◽  
Tatiana V. Khijniak ◽  
Brian E. Jones ◽  
Ilya V. Kublanov
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Bacteria ◽  
Sequences Analysis ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Soda Soils

Alkaline saline soils known also as “soda solonchaks” represent a natural soda habitat which differed from soda lake sediments by higher aeration and lower humidity. The microbiology of soda soils, in contrast to the more intensively studied soda lakes, remains poorly explored. In this work we present information on the diversity of culturable aerobic haloalkalitolerant bacteria with various hydrolytic activities from soda soils at different locations in Central Asia and Africa. In total, 180 isolates were obtained by using media with various polymers at pH 10 and 0.6 M total Na+. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, most of the isolates belonged to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. Most isolates possessed multiple hydrolytic activities, including endoglucanase, xylanase, amylase and protease. The pH profiling of selected representatives of actinobacteria and endospore-forming bacteria showed, that the former were facultative alkaliphiles, while the latter were mostly obligate alkaliphiles. The hydrolases of both groups were active at a broad pH range from 6 to 11. Overall, this work demonstrated the presence of a rich hydrolytic bacterial community in soda soils which might be explored further for production of haloalkalistable hydrolases.

scholarly journals Diversity of cultivated aerobic poly-hydrolytic bacteria in saline alkaline soils

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry Y. Sorokin ◽  
Tatiana V. Kolganova ◽  
Tatiana V. Khijniak ◽  
Brian E. Jones ◽  
Ilya V. Kublanov
Keyword(s):  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Hydrolytic Bacteria ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Soda Soils

Alkaline saline soils, known also as “soda solonchaks”, represent a natural soda habitat which differs from soda lake sediments by higher aeration and lower humidity. The microbiology of soda soils, in contrast to the more intensively studied soda lakes, remains poorly explored. In this work we investigate the diversity of culturable aerobic haloalkalitolerant bacteria with various hydrolytic activities from soda soils at different locations in Central Asia, Africa, and North America. In total, 179 pure cultures were obtained by using media with various polymers at pH 10 and 0.6 M total Na+. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, most of the isolates belonged toFirmicutesandActinobacteria. Most isolates possessed multiple hydrolytic activities, including endoglucanase, xylanase, amylase and protease. The pH profiling of selected representatives of actinobacteria and endospore-forming bacteria showed, that the former were facultative alkaliphiles, while the latter were mostly obligate alkaliphiles. The hydrolases of selected representatives from both groups were active at a broad pH range from six to 11. Overall, this work demonstrates the presence of a rich hydrolytic bacterial community in soda soils which might be explored further for production of haloalkalistable hydrolases.

scholarly journals Determination of important enzymes and antimicrobial resistances of gram-positive haloalkaliphilic bacteria isolated from Salda Lake

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382
Author(s):  
Pınar Çağlayan
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Extreme Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Haloalkaliphilic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

As an extreme environment, soda lakes harbor various haloalkaliphilic microorganisms. Salda Lake is one of the natural soda lake (pH˃9) in Turkey. Haloalkaliphiles are unique microorganisms in their ability to live in high alkaline and high saline conditions, and play an important role in biodegradation and bioremediation of hydrocarbons. Hence, the aims of this study were to isolate haloalkaliphilic bacteria from water sample of Salda Lake, to identify these isolates by both conventional and molecular methods, to screen their industrially important enzymes, and to investigate their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Six isolates were identified as Bacillus horneckiae, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus paramycoides, Bacillus pumilus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus haynesii according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The industrially important enzymes (amylase, cellulase, pullulanase, lipase, urease, protease, caseinase, oxidase, catalase) were produced by haloalkaliphilic isolates. These enzymes maybe used in alkaline and saline industrial processes. Although Bacillus subtilis was susceptible to all antibiotics, other isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. The resistance against antibiotics were found as ampicillin/sulbactam 83%, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid 83%, ampicillin 67%, mupirocin 67%, chloramphenicol 50%, tetracycline 50%, imipenem 50%, meropenem 50%, cefadroxil 17%. These bacteria may have develope resistance to antibiotics that entering their natural environment in different ways.

Natranaerobaculum magadiense gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, alkalithermophilic bacterium from soda lake sediment

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 4456-4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daria G. Zavarzina ◽  
Tatyana N. Zhilina ◽  
Boris B. Kuznetsov ◽  
Tatyana V. Kolganova ◽  
Georgy A. Osipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Donor Strain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
Ph Range

An obligately alkaliphilic, anaerobic, thermo- and halotolerant, spore-forming bacterium was isolated from sediments of soda lake Magadi (Kenya) and designated strain Z-1001T. Cells of strain Z-1001T were straight, Gram-positive rods, slowly motile. Strain Z-1001T was found to be an obligate anaerobe. It grew within a pH range from 7.5 to 10.7 with an optimum at 9.25–9.5 (at 40 °C), a temperature range from 20 to 57 °C with an optimum at 45–50 °C, and a NaCl concentration range from 0 to 1.55 M with an optimum at 1.2–1.4 M. Peptides, such as meat and yeast extracts, peptone and tryptone, were fermented by Z-1001T. Carbohydrates did not support growth. With yeast extract as an electron donor, strain Z-1001T reduced S 2 O 3 2 − , NO 3 − , AsO 4 3 − , Fe(III) citrate and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) as electron acceptors. The isolate was able to grow oligotrophically with a very small amount of yeast extract: 0.03 g l−1. The main fatty acids were C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c , C18 : 0 and C18 : 1ω9. The DNA G+C content of the isolate was 35.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Z-1001T is a member of family Natranaerobiaceae , clustering with the type strain of Natranaerobius thermophilus (95.8–96.0 % sequence similarity). On the basis of physiological and phylogenetic data it is proposed that strain Z-1001T ( = DSM 24923T = VKM B-2666T) represents a novel genus and species, Natranaerobaculum magadiense gen. nov., sp. nov.

scholarly journals Fuchsiella ferrireducens sp. nov., a novel haloalkaliphilic, lithoautotrophic homoacetogen capable of iron reduction, and emendation of the description of the genus Fuchsiella

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2432-2440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana N. Zhilina ◽  
Daria G. Zavarzina ◽  
Ekaterina N. Detkova ◽  
Ekaterina O. Patutina ◽  
Boris B. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Ph Range

Two strains of haloalkaliphilic homoacetogenic bacteria capable of iron reduction, Z-7101T and Z-7102, were isolated from soda lake Tanatar III (Altai, Russia). Cells of both strains were flexible, motile, Gram-negative, spore-forming rods. The strains were mesophilic and obligately alkaliphilic: the pH range for growth was 8.5–10.2 (pHopt 9.8). Growth depended on carbonate and chloride ions. The strains were able to grow chemolithoautotrophically on H2+CO2, producing acetate as the only metabolic product. In medium with carbonates as the only potential electron acceptor, the following substrates were utilized for chemo-organotrophic growth: pyruvate, lactate, ethanol, 1-propanol, ethylene glycol and 1-butanol. Strain Z-7101T was able to reduce nitrate, selenate, thiosulfate and anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonate with ethanol as an electron donor. It was also able to reduce synthesized ferrihydrite to siderite with molecular hydrogen or organic compounds, including acetate and formate, as electron donors. It was able to reduce S0 with acetate or formate as electron donors. The DNA G+C content of strain Z-7101T was 34.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains Z-7101T and Z-7102 were members of the order Halanaerobiales and family Halobacteroidaceae, clustering with Fuchsiella alkaliacetigena Z-7100T (98.9–98.4 % similarity). DNA–DNA hybridization was 63.0 % between strain Z-7101T and F. alkaliacetigena Z-7100T. Based on morphological and physiological differences from F. alkaliacetigena Z-7100T and the results of phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization, it is proposed to assign strains Z-7101T and Z-7102 ( = DSM 26052 = VKM B-2790) to the novel species Fuchsiella ferrireducens sp. nov. The type strain is strain Z-7101T ( = DSM 26031T = VKM B-2766T).

scholarly journals Microbial community of soda Lake Van as obtained from direct and enriched water, sediment and fish samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Ersoy Omeroglu ◽  
Mert Sudagidan ◽  
Mediha Nur Zafer Yurt ◽  
Behiye Busra Tasbasi ◽  
Elif Esma Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractSoda lakes are saline and alkaline ecosystems that are considered to have existed since the first geological records of the world. These lakes support the growth of ecologically and economically important microorganisms due to their unique geochemistry. Microbiota members of lakes are valuable models to study the link between community structure and abiotic parameters such as pH and salinity. Lake Van is the largest endroheic lake and in this study, bacterial diversity of lake water, sediment, and pearl mullet (inci kefali; Alburnus tarichi), an endemic species of fish which are collected from different points of the lake, are studied directly and investigated meticulously using a metabarcoding approach after pre-enrichment. Bacterial community structures were identified using Next Generation Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The analysis revealed that the samples of Lake Van contain high level of bacterial diversity. Direct water samples were dominated by Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidota, on the other hand, pre-enriched water samples were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum-level. In direct sediment samples Proteobacteria, whereas in pre-enriched sediment samples Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were determined at highest level. Pre-enriched fish samples were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum-level. In this study, microbiota members of Lake Van were identified by taxonomic analysis.

Rhodovulum steppense sp. nov., an obligately haloalkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium widespread in saline soda lakes of Central Asia

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1210-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena I. Kompantseva ◽  
Anastasia V. Komova ◽  
Nadezhda A. Kostrikina
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
A New Species

Seven strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria isolated from the shallow-water steppe soda lakes of the cryoarid zone of Central Asia formed a genetically homogeneous group within the genus Rhodovulum. The isolates were most closely related to Rhodovulum strictum, from which they differed at the species level (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene identity and 42–44 % DNA–DNA hybridization level). According to genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the strains were assigned to a new species of the genus Rhodovulum, for which the name Rhodovulum steppense sp. nov. is proposed. Cells of all strains were ovoid to rod-shaped, 0.3–0.8 μm wide and 1–2.5 μm long, and motile by means of polar flagella. They contained internal photosynthetic membranes of the vesicular type and photosynthetic pigments (bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series). All strains were obligate haloalkaliphiles, growing within a wide range of salinity (0.3–10 %) and pH (7.5–10), with growth optima at 1–5 % NaCl and pH 8.5. Photo- and chemoheterotrophic growth occurred with a number of organic compounds and biotin, thiamine and niacin as growth factors. No anaerobic respiration on nitrite, nitrate or fumarate and no fermentation was demonstrated. Bacteria grew photo- and chemolithoautotrophically with sulfide, sulfur and thiosulfate, oxidizing them to sulfate. Sulfide was oxidized via deposition of extracellular elemental sulfur. No growth with H2 as electron donor was demonstrated. The major fatty acid was 18 : 1 (81.0 %). The major quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 66.1 mol% (T m). The type strain, A-20sT (=VKM B-2489T =DSM 21153T), was isolated from soda lake Khilganta (Zabaikal'skii Krai, southern Siberia, Russia).

scholarly journals Methylohalomonas lacus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Methylonatrum kenyense gen. nov., sp. nov., methylotrophic gammaproteobacteria from hypersaline lakes

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2762-2769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry Yu. Sorokin ◽  
Yuri A. Trotsenko ◽  
Nina V. Doronina ◽  
Tatjana P. Tourova ◽  
Erwin A. Galinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequence ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
Ph Range

Aerobic enrichment at 4 M NaCl, pH 7.5, with methanol as carbon and energy source from sediments of hypersaline chloride–sulfate lakes in Kulunda Steppe (Altai, Russia) resulted in the isolation of a moderately halophilic and obligately methylotrophic bacterium, strain HMT 1T. The bacterium grew with methanol and methylamine within a pH range of 6.8–8.2 with an optimum at pH 7.5 and at NaCl concentrations of 0.5–4 M with an optimum at 2 M. In addition to methanol and methylamine, it can oxidize ethanol, formate, formaldehyde and dimethylamine. Carbon is assimilated via the serine pathway. The main compatible solute is glycine betaine. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolate as a new lineage in the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae (Gammaproteobacteria). It is proposed, therefore, to accommodate this bacterium within a novel genus and species, Methylohalomonas lacus gen. nov., sp. nov., with HMT 1T (=DSM 15733T =NCCB 100208T =UNIQEM U237T) as the type strain. Two strains were obtained in pure culture from sediments of soda lake Magadi in Kenya and the Kulunda Steppe (Russia) on a mineral medium at pH 10 containing 0.6 M total Na+ using methanol as a substrate. Strain AMT 1T was enriched with methanol, while strain AMT 3 originated from an enrichment culture with CO. The isolates are restricted facultative methylotrophs, capable of growth with methanol, formate and acetate as carbon and energy sources. With methanol, the strains grew within a broad salinity range from 0.3 to 3.5–4 M total Na+, with an optimum at 0.5–1 M. The pH range for growth was between 8.3 and 10.5, with an optimum at pH 9.5, which characterized the soda lake isolates as obligate haloalkaliphiles. Carbon is assimilated autotrophically via the Calvin–Benson cycle. Sequence analysis of the gene coding for the key enzyme RuBisCO demonstrated that strain AMT 1T possessed a single cbbL gene of the ‘green’ form I, clustering with members of the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strains AMT 1T and AMT 3 belong to a single species that forms a separate lineage within the family Ectothiorhodospiraceae. On the basis of phenotypic and genetic data, the novel haloalkaliphilic methylotrophs are described as representing a novel genus and species, Methylonatrum kenyense gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain AMT 1T =DSM 15732T =NCCB 100209T =UNIQEM U238T).

scholarly journals Aerobic carboxydotrophy under extremely haloalkaline conditions in Alkalispirillum/Alkalilimnicola strains isolated from soda lakes

Microbiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitry Yu. Sorokin ◽  
Tatjana P. Tourova ◽  
Olga L. Kovaleva ◽  
J. Gijs Kuenen ◽  
Gerard Muyzer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Ph Range

Aerobic enrichments from soda lake sediments with CO as the only substrate resulted in the isolation of five bacterial strains capable of autotrophic growth with CO at extremely high pH and salinity. The strains belonged to the Alkalispirillum/Alkalilimnicola cluster in the Gammaproteobacteria, where the ability to oxidize CO, but not growth with CO, has been demonstrated previously. The growth with CO was possible only at an oxygen concentration below 5 % and CO concentration below 20 % in the gas phase. The isolates were also capable of growth with formate but not with H2. The carboxydotrophic growth occurred within a narrow pH range from 8 to 10.5 (optimum at 9.5) and a broad salt concentration from0.3 to 3.5 M total Na+ (optimum at 1.0 M). Cells grown on CO had high respiration activity with CO and formate, while the cells grown on formate actively oxidized formate alone. In CO-grown cells, CO-dehydrogenase (CODH) activity was detectable both in soluble and membrane fractions, while the NAD-independent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) resided solely in membranes. The results of total protein profiling and the failure to detect CODH with conventional primers for the coxL gene indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzyme in haloalkaliphilic isolates might differ from the classical aerobic CODH complex. A single cbbL gene encoding the RuBisCO large subunit was detected in all strains, suggesting the presence of the Calvin cycle of inorganic carbon fixation. Overall, these results demonstrated the possibility of aerobic carboxydotrophy under extremely haloalkaline conditions.

Rhodovulum tesquicola sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic purple non-sulfur bacterium from brackish steppe soda lakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 2962-2966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena I. Kompantseva ◽  
Anastasia V. Komova ◽  
Andrey A. Novikov ◽  
Nadezhda A. Kostrikina
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Soda Lakes ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Soda Lake ◽  
Major Fatty Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Two strains of purple non-sulfur bacteria (A-36sT and A-51s) were isolated from brackish steppe soda lakes of southern Siberia. Genetically, the isolates were related most closely to the type strains of Rhodovulum steppense and Rhodovulum strictum , from which they differed at the species level (98.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 40–53 % DNA–DNA relatedness). Cells of the two strains were ovoid to rod-shaped, 0.4–0.8 µm wide and 1.0–2.5 µm long, and motile by means of a polar flagellum. They contained internal photosynthetic membranes of vesicular type and photosynthetic pigments (bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of the spheroidene series). The strains were obligate haloalkaliphiles, growing over wide ranges of salinity (0.3–10.0 % NaCl) and pH (7.5–10.0), with growth optima at 1.0–3.0 % NaCl and pH 8.5–9.0. Photoheterotrophic and chemoheterotrophic growth occurred with a number of organic compounds and biotin, p-aminobenzoate, thiamine and niacin as growth factors. No anaerobic respiration on nitrite, nitrate or fumarate and no fermentation were demonstrated. The strains grew photolithoautotrophically and chemolithoautotrophically with sulfide, sulfur and thiosulfate, oxidizing them to sulfate. Sulfide was oxidized via deposition of extracellular elemental sulfur. No growth with H2 as the electron donor was observed. The major fatty acid was C18 : 1 (78 %). The major quinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The DNA G+C content of strain A-36sT was 65.4 mol% (T m). According to genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the investigated strains were assigned to a novel species of the genus Rhodovulum , for which the name Rhodovulum tesquicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A-36sT ( = VKM B-2491T = ATCC BAA-1573T), which was isolated from steppe soda lake Sul’fatnoe (Zabaikal’skii Krai, southern Siberia, Russia).

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