scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions for adults with visible differences: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Norman ◽  
Timothy P Moss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Some individuals with visible differences have been found to experience psychosocial adjustment problems that can lead to social anxiety and isolation. Various models of psychosocial intervention have been used to reduce social anxiety and appearance related distress in this population. The objective of this review was to update a previous systematic review assessing the efficacy of psychosocial intervention programs for adults with visible differences. The original review (Bessell & Moss, 2007) identified 12 papers for inclusion. Methods: A search protocol identified studies from 13 electronic journal databases. Methods: Studies were selected in accordance with pre-set inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. Results: This update identified an additional four papers that met the inclusion criteria. Two papers provided very limited evidence for the efficacy of a combined cognitive-behavioural and social skills training approach. None of the papers provided sufficient evidence for the optimal duration, intensity or setting of psychosocial interventions for this population. Discussion: The review concluded that a greater number of Randomised Controlled Trials and experimental studies were required to increase the methodological validity of intervention studies.

scholarly journals Psychosocial interventions for adults with visible differences: A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Norman ◽  
Timothy P Moss
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Some individuals with visible differences have been found to experience psychosocial adjustment problems that can lead to social anxiety and isolation. Various models of psychosocial intervention have been used to reduce social anxiety and appearance related distress in this population. The objective of this review was to update a previous systematic review assessing the efficacy of psychosocial intervention programs for adults with visible differences. The original review (Bessell & Moss, 2007) identified 12 papers for inclusion. Methods: A search protocol identified studies from 13 electronic journal databases. Methods: Studies were selected in accordance with pre-set inclusion criteria and relevant data were extracted. Results: This update identified an additional four papers that met the inclusion criteria. Two papers provided very limited evidence for the efficacy of a combined cognitive-behavioural and social skills training approach. None of the papers provided sufficient evidence for the optimal duration, intensity or setting of psychosocial interventions for this population. Discussion: The review concluded that a greater number of Randomised Controlled Trials and experimental studies were required to increase the methodological validity of intervention studies.

scholarly journals Simulation for skills training in neurosurgery: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and analysis of progressive scholarly acceptance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Davids ◽  
Susruta Manivannan ◽  
Ara Darzi ◽  
Stamatia Giannarou ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Training ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Technical Skill ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Neurosurgical Education

Abstract At a time of significant global unrest and uncertainty surrounding how the delivery of clinical training will unfold over the coming years, we offer a systematic review, meta-analysis, and bibliometric analysis of global studies showing the crucial role simulation will play in training. Our aim was to determine the types of simulators in use, their effectiveness in improving clinical skills, and whether we have reached a point of global acceptance. A PRISMA-guided global systematic review of the neurosurgical simulators available, a meta-analysis of their effectiveness, and an extended analysis of their progressive scholarly acceptance on studies meeting our inclusion criteria of simulation in neurosurgical education were performed. Improvement in procedural knowledge and technical skills was evaluated. Of the identified 7405 studies, 56 studies met the inclusion criteria, collectively reporting 50 simulator types ranging from cadaveric, low-fidelity, and part-task to virtual reality (VR) simulators. In all, 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis, including 7 randomised controlled trials. A random effects, ratio of means effects measure quantified statistically significant improvement in procedural knowledge by 50.2% (ES 0.502; CI 0.355; 0.649, p < 0.001), technical skill including accuracy by 32.5% (ES 0.325; CI − 0.482; − 0.167, p < 0.001), and speed by 25% (ES − 0.25, CI − 0.399; − 0.107, p < 0.001). The initial number of VR studies (n = 91) was approximately double the number of refining studies (n = 45) indicating it is yet to reach progressive scholarly acceptance. There is strong evidence for a beneficial impact of adopting simulation in the improvement of procedural knowledge and technical skill. We show a growing trend towards the adoption of neurosurgical simulators, although we have not fully gained progressive scholarly acceptance for VR-based simulation technologies in neurosurgical education.

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

scholarly journals Physical exercise, IGF-1 and cognition A systematic review of experimental studies in the elderly

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Miki Stein ◽  
Thays Martins Vital Silva ◽  
Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho ◽  
Franciel José Arantes ◽  
José Luiz Riani Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Assessment Results

ABSTRACT One of hypothetical mechanisms related to cognition is exercise-induced IGF-1. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of exercise on IGF-1 levels and cognition in the elderly. Methods: The article searches were conducted on Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Scielo databases and reviewed according to PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: [1] original articles published up to 2017; [2] samples including elderly; [3] protocols including physical exercise; [4] longitudinal studies having exercise as main outcome; [5] assessment of IGF-1; [6] cognition assessment. Results: Seven studies were included in this review. Three of the studies showed an exercise-induced increase in IGF-1; three found stable IGF-1 levels and one found a reduction in IGF-1; with and without improvement in cognition. Conclusion: Disparities in the type of physical exercise, protocols and samples under different conditions hinder the establishment of a consensus on IGF-1, cognition and physical exercise.

Should the duration of head bandaging be reduced after pinnaplasty? A systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (11) ◽  
pp. 948-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E L McMurran ◽  
I Khan ◽  
S Mohamad ◽  
M Shakeel ◽  
H Kubba
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
National Library ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Cochrane Library

AbstractBackground:It is common practice to use head bandages for 7–10 days following pinnaplasty. However, head bandages are often troublesome for patients and can lead to serious complications.Method:A systematic review was performed to evaluate the use of head bandages after pinnaplasty. A search of Medline, Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO collections), the Cochrane Library, Pubmed (US National Library of Medicine) and Google Scholar identified 34 related articles. Of these, 14 were deemed relevant and 2 randomised controlled trials, 1 cohort study, 3 case series and 1 literature review met the inclusion criteria.Results:The two randomised controlled trials show no statistically significant difference in complications when a head bandage was used for the standard 7–10 days, for 24 hours or not at all. The three case series show that using a head bandage for 24 hours or not at all are safe alternatives. The review article recommended that when head bandages are applied after pinnaplasty it should be for the shortest duration possible.Conclusion:Based on the available evidence, not using a head bandage at all or using one for a maximum of 24 hours following pinnaplasty is recommended.

scholarly journals What Actually Differs between Traditional Teaching and Sport Education in Students’ Learning Outcomes? A Critical Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiana Bessa ◽  
Peter Hastie ◽  
Ana Ramos ◽  
Isabel Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Sport Education ◽  
Inclusion Criteria

This systematic review aimed to examine the main findings concerning to the investigations focused on compare, within Physical Education context, the influence of Sport Education (SE) and Traditional Teaching (TT) on students’ learning outcomes. A literature search was conducted on nine electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Academic Search Ultimate, ERIC, Education Source, APA PsycINFO and APA PsycARTICLES). Inclusion criteria were defined before the selection process. Accordingly, were only included articles that (i) were published in peer-reviewed international journals indexed in Journal Citation Reports or Scientific Journal Rankings; (ii) were available in full-text; (iii) were published in English, Portuguese or Spanish; (iv) were performed within Physical Education context; and (v) provided specifically a comparison between the effects of SE and TT on students’ learning outcomes. Globally, twenty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The manuscripts’ methodological quality was assessed through Downs and Black checklist, with all studies displaying moderate quality. Results showed that comparisons among SE and TT tend to analyze team sports activities sampling high-school students via quasi-experimental designs, with more than half of them were published over the past five years. Also, these investigations typically focused on the differences between both models on the development of personal and social skills, as well as its impact on the motor and cognitive domains. In this respect, although the results tend to point out increases in both SE and TT, superior values are achieved when SE is implemented. The analysis of the teaching-learning process using alternative research methods and designs (i.e., experimental studies, qualitative data, longitudinal analysis, action-research and case studies), longer units with appropriate planning, and the report of model’s fidelity so that robust findings can endorse the teachers’ praxis, must be a concern in future studies.

scholarly journals Empirical Evidence for the Outcomes of Therapeutic Video Games for Adolescents With Anxiety Disorders: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Barnes ◽  
Julie Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Attention Bias Modification ◽  
Research Journal

BACKGROUND Extant evidence suggests that the proportion of adolescents suffering from anxiety disorders (ADs) has increased by up to 70% since the mid-1980s, with experience of anxiety at this stage associated with significant negative short- and long-term life outcomes. The existing therapeutic interventions (eg, cognitive behavioral therapy, CBT; attention bias modification, ABM) have proven to have clinically measurable benefits in reducing anxiety, but their efficacy is often compromised by social and practical barriers. The growing discrepancy between demand for, and access to, clinical interventions for anxiety has led to the development of a range of eHealth (health care practice supported by electronic processes and communication) and mHealth (versions of eHealth using mobile devices) interventions. One such protocol is therapeutic games, which aim to provide clinical frameworks in dynamic, adaptable, and personalized virtual environments. Although some evidence exists to suggest therapeutic games are associated with reductions in subjective anxiety and observed stress reactivity, there is currently, to our knowledge, no systematic review of the adherence to, and effectiveness of, therapeutic games for adolescent anxiety. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to establish the effectiveness of therapeutic games in making clinically measurable reductions in anxiety symptoms in adolescent samples. METHODS A systematic search of the existing academic literature published between 1990 and July 2017 was conducted using the databases Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal Storage, Psychology Articles, Psychology Info, ScienceDIRECT, and Scopus. Records linked to empirical papers on therapeutic games for anxiety using adolescent samples were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 5 studies (N=410 participants) met the inclusion criteria, and 3 gamified anxiety interventions for adolescents were identified. The papers included a mixture of randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and usability studies comprising quantitative and qualitative measures, with varying degrees of mixed methods. Extant evidence shows potential for therapeutic games to create clinically measurable reductions in symptoms of anxiety in adolescent samples, though findings are complicated in some cases by a low sample size, and in other cases by research design and methodological complications, including anxiety reductions in control groups caused by a control-game selection. CONCLUSIONS Although research in this field appears to be extremely limited, as demonstrated by the small number of papers meeting the inclusion criteria for this review, early findings suggest that therapeutic games have potential in helping to engage adolescents with anxiety and lead to clinically measurable reductions in symptoms.

scholarly journals Face mask use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Coclite ◽  
Antonello Napoletano ◽  
Silvia Gianola ◽  
Andrea Del Monaco ◽  
Daniela D'Angelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background: Evidence is needed on the effectiveness of wearing face masks in the community to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of face mask use in a community setting and to predict the effectiveness of wearing a mask. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH, The Cochrane Library and pre-prints from inception to 22 April 2020 without restriction by language. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane and GRADE approach. Findings: Our search identified 35 studies, including 3 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (4017 patients), 10 comparative studies (18984 patients), 13 predictive models, 9 laboratory experimental studies. For reducing infection rates, the estimates of cluster-RCTs were in favour of wearing face masks versus no mask, but not at statistically significant levels (adjusted OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.78-1.05). Similar findings were reported in observational studies. Mathematical models indicated an important decrease in mortality when the population mask coverage is near-universal, regardless of mask efficacy. In the best-case scenario, when the mask efficacy is at 95%, the R0 can fall to 0.99 from an initial value of 16.90. Levels of mask filtration efficiency were heterogeneous, depending on the materials used (surgical mask: 45-97%). One laboratory study suggested a viral load reduction of 0.25 (95%CI 0.09-0.67) in favour of mask versus no mask. Interpretation: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of face masks in a community setting. Robust randomised trials on face mask effectiveness are needed to inform evidence-based policies.

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