Face mask use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: a systematic review

Background: Evidence is needed on the effectiveness of wearing face masks in the community to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of face mask use in a community setting and to predict the effectiveness of wearing a mask. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH, The Cochrane Library and pre-prints from inception to 22 April 2020 without restriction by language. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane and GRADE approach. Findings: Our search identified 35 studies, including 3 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (4017 patients), 10 comparative studies (18984 patients), 13 predictive models, 9 laboratory experimental studies. For reducing infection rates, the estimates of cluster-RCTs were in favour of wearing face masks versus no mask, but not at statistically significant levels (adjusted OR 0.90, 95%CI 0.78-1.05). Similar findings were reported in observational studies. Mathematical models indicated an important decrease in mortality when the population mask coverage is near-universal, regardless of mask efficacy. In the best-case scenario, when the mask efficacy is at 95%, the R0 can fall to 0.99 from an initial value of 16.90. Levels of mask filtration efficiency were heterogeneous, depending on the materials used (surgical mask: 45-97%). One laboratory study suggested a viral load reduction of 0.25 (95%CI 0.09-0.67) in favour of mask versus no mask. Interpretation: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of face masks in a community setting. Robust randomised trials on face mask effectiveness are needed to inform evidence-based policies.

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Face Mask Use in the Community for Reducing the Spread of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2020.594269 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Coclite ◽

Antonello Napoletano ◽

Silvia Gianola ◽

Andrea del Monaco ◽

Daniela D'Angelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Community Setting ◽

Face Mask ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Case Scenario ◽

Materials Used ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Grade Approach

Background: Evidence is needed on the effectiveness of wearing face masks in the community to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy and effectiveness of face mask use in a community setting and to predict the effectiveness of wearing a mask. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCISEARCH, The Cochrane Library, and pre-prints from inception to 22 April 2020 without restriction by language. We rated the certainty of evidence according to Cochrane and GRADE approach.Findings: Our search identified 35 studies, including three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (4,017 patients), 10 comparative studies (18,984 patients), 13 predictive models, nine laboratory experimental studies. For reducing infection rates, the estimates of cluster-RCTs were in favor of wearing face masks vs. no mask, but not at statistically significant levels (adjusted OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.78–1.05). Similar findings were reported in observational studies. Mathematical models indicated an important decrease in mortality when the population mask coverage is near-universal, regardless of mask efficacy. In the best-case scenario, when the mask efficacy is at 95%, the R0 can fall to 0.99 from an initial value of 16.90. Levels of mask filtration efficiency were heterogeneous, depending on the materials used (surgical mask: 45–97%). One laboratory study suggested a viral load reduction of 0.25 (95% CI 0.09–0.67) in favor of mask vs. no mask.Interpretation: The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support the use of face masks in a community setting. Robust randomized trials on face mask effectiveness are needed to inform evidence-based policies.PROSPERO registration: CRD42020184963.

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KOLABORASI PUSTAKAWAN DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN KLINIS BERBASIS BUKTI TERKINI (EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE ): STUDI KASUS DI FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN, KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DAN KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

VISI PUSTAKA: Buletin Jaringan Informasi Antar Perpustakaan ◽

10.37014/visipustaka.v23i1.1132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75

Author(s):

Sukirno Sukirno

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Evidence Based Medicine ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Randomised Controlled ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Clinical Queries ◽

Based Medicine

Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) merupakan pemanfaatan bukti ilmiah berdasarkan penelitian klinis mutakhir yang sahih dalam tatalaksana proses penyembuhan penyakit. Salah satu syarat utama untuk memfasilitasi pengambilan keputusan klinik yang evidence-based, adalah dengan menyediakan bukti-bukti ilmiah yang relevan. Tipe kajian diutamakan yang berupa hasil review sistematik, meta-analisis, dan randomised controlled trial (RCT). Salah satu dari lima langkah dalam evidence based medicine yaitu yaitu menelusur bukti dari sumber database hasil penelitian yang memuat bukti-bukti ilmiah. PubMed Clinical Queries dan The Cochrane Library merupakan database berisi hasil riset sekunder (systematic-review/meta-analysis) yang mensintesis hasil riset primer. Kolaborasi pustakawan dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis yaitu dengan memberikan pelatihan atau menelusur artikel hasil penelitian yang akan digunakan dalam pengambilan klinis dari database yang memuat bukti ilmiah.

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Anabolic-androgenic steroid administration increases self-reported aggression in healthy males: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00213-021-05818-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Razieh Chegeni ◽

Ståle Pallesen ◽

Jim McVeigh ◽

Dominic Sagoe

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Fixed Effect Model ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Anabolic Androgenic Steroid ◽

Androgenic Steroid ◽

Psychiatric Side Effects ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Healthy Males

Abstract Rationale Aggression and irritability are notable psychiatric side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use. However, no previous study has systematically reviewed and quantitatively synthesized effects reported by experimental studies on this topic. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of AAS administration on self-reported and observer-reported aggression. Methods Twelve RCTs comprising a total of 562 healthy males were identified through systematic searches of MEDLINE, PsycInfo, ISI Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library. Results After excluding one outlier, AAS administration was associated with an increase in self-reported aggression under a random-effects model, albeit small (Hedges’ g = 0.171, 95% CI: 0.029–0.312, k = 11, p = .018), and when restricting the analysis to the effect of acute AAS administration on self-reported aggression under a fixed-effect model (g = 0.291, 95% CI: 0.014–0.524, p = .014). However, the above effects were neither replicated in the analysis of observer-reported aggression nor after restricting the analysis to the effects of the administration of higher (over 500 mg) and long-term (3 days to 14 weeks) doses. Conclusions The present meta-analysis provides evidence of an increase, although small, in self-reported aggression in healthy males following AAS administration in RCTs. Ecologically rational RCTs are warranted to better explore the effect of AAS administration on aggression in humans.

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Effectiveness of Nutritional Education for Obese Older Adults With Frailty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1291 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 401-401

Author(s):

Yue-Heng Yin ◽

Liu Yat Justina

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Physical Function ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Well Being ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Nutritional Education ◽

Hand Search ◽

Education Interventions

Abstract Obesity has been shown to intensify the decline of physical function and lead to frailty. Nutrition is an important method in managing obesity and frailty, while seldom reviews have ever explored the effects of nutritional education interventions. We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42019142403) to explore the effectiveness of nutritional education interventions in managing body composition and physio-psychosocial parameters related to frailty. Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Scopus from 2001 to 2019. Hand search for the reference lists of included papers was conducted as well. We assessed the quality of included studies by Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses and narrative synthesis were used to analyse the data. Two studies with low risk of bias were screened from 180 articles, which involved 177 older people with an average age of 69.69±4.08 years old. The results showed that nutritional education was significantly effective in reducing body weight and fat mass than exercises, and it was beneficial to enhancing physical function and psychosocial well-being. But the effects of nutritional education in increasing muscle strength were not better than exercises. The combined effects of nutritional education and exercises were superior than either exercises or nutritional education interventions solely in preventing the loss of lean mass and bone marrow density, and in improving physical function. Due to limited numbers of relevant studies, the strong evidence of effectiveness of nutritional education interventions on reversing frailty is still lacking.

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EXPRESS: Stroke risk following traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/17474930211004277 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174749302110042

Author(s):

Grace Mary Turner ◽

Christel McMullan ◽

Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi ◽

Danai Bem ◽

Tom Marshall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Stroke Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin K Antagonists ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Cochrane Library

Aims To investigate the association between TBI and stroke risk. Summary of review We undertook a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from inception to 4th December 2020. We used random-effects meta-analysis to pool hazard ratios (HR) for studies which reported stroke risk post-TBI compared to controls. Searches identified 10,501 records; 58 full texts were assessed for eligibility and 18 met the inclusion criteria. The review included a large sample size of 2,606,379 participants from four countries. Six studies included a non-TBI control group, all found TBI patients had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to controls (pooled HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.46-2.37). Findings suggest stroke risk may be highest in the first four months post-TBI, but remains significant up to five years post-TBI. TBI appears to be associated with increased stroke risk regardless of severity or subtype of TBI. There was some evidence to suggest an association between reduced stroke risk post-TBI and Vitamin K antagonists and statins, but increased stroke risk with certain classes of antidepressants. Conclusion TBI is an independent risk factor for stroke, regardless of TBI severity or type. Post-TBI review and management of risk factors for stroke may be warranted.

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Lumbar Roll Usage While Sitting Reduces the Forward Head Posture in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105171 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5171

Author(s):

Yusuke Handa ◽

Kenya Okada ◽

Hiroshi Takasaki

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Grade System ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Forward Head Posture ◽

Quality Of Evidence ◽

Head Posture ◽

Head Extension ◽

The Cochrane Library

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether the use of a lumbar roll reduced forward head posture (FHP) while sitting among individuals with or without musculoskeletal disorders. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from their inception to August 2020. The quality of evidence for variables used in the meta-analysis was determined using the GRADE system. Five studies satisfied the criteria for data analysis. All studies included individuals without any spinal symptoms. Data from five studies on neck angle showed a statistically significant (p = 0.02) overall effect (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.77), indicating a lesser neck flexion angle while sitting with a lumbar roll than without it. Data from two studies on head angle showed a statistically significant (p = 0.04) overall effect (SMD = 0.47), indicating a lesser head extension angle while sitting with a lumbar roll than without it. In each meta-analysis, the quality of evidence was very low in the GRADE system. The use of a lumbar roll while sitting reduced FHP among individuals without spinal symptoms.

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Effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers: a protocol of a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038854 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e038854

Author(s):

Carlos Tersa-Miralles ◽

Roland Pastells-Peiró ◽

Francesc Rubí-Carnacea ◽

Filip Bellon ◽

Esther Rubinat Arnaldo

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Office Workers ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Prolonged Sitting ◽

Randomised Controlled

IntroductionPhysical inactivity due to changes in our society towards more sedentary behaviours is leading to health problems. Increasing physical activity might be a good strategy to improve physical strength and reduce the prevalence of illnesses associated with prolonged sitting. Office workers exhibit a sedentary lifestyle with short rest periods or even without pauses during the workday. It is important to perform workplace interventions to treat musculoskeletal disorders caused by prolonged sitting and lack of movement adopted on the office setting. This article describes a protocol for a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of exercise interventions on office workers in their work environment.Methods and analysisA literature search will be performed in the PubMed, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ISI WoS and PeDRO databases for randomised controlled trials and studies published from 1 January 2010 to 31 July 2020 in English or Spanish. The participants will be office workers who spend most of their work time in a sitting position. The interventions performed will include any type of exercise intervention in the workplace. The outcome measures will vary in accordance with the aim of the intervention observed. The results of the review and the outcomes from the studies reviewed will be summarised with a narrative synthesis. The review protocol was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. The review outcomes and the additional data obtained will be disseminated through publications and in scientific conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020177462.

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447 What Age is Best to Perform Myringoplasty?

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.556 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

L Wilks ◽

R Mcleod ◽

V Unadkat

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Success Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Paediatric Population ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Clear Correlation ◽

Success Rates ◽

Prisma Statement ◽

Transitional Point ◽

The Cochrane Library

Abstract Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess this relationship and determine the most appropriate age for recommendation of surgery. Method According to the “Preferred Reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis” (PRISMA) statement, a literature search was performed across Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane library from 1946-2018. Articles examining a relationship between age and myringoplasty or type 1 tympanoplasty success rates were screened. Results 20 articles encompassing data from 2244 procedures were included. The overall results conveyed a clear correlation between increasing age and rising success rate. A t-test was conducted which demonstrated a significant (P = 0.05) transition at aged 10, whereby success rate below age 10 was 70.6% and above 10 was 86%. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis has uncovered a clear correlation between increasing age and increasing success rate for myringoplasty in the paediatric population. Furthermore, a significant transitional point has been demonstrated at the age of 10 and We hope that knowledge of increased success rates particularly after the age of 10 helps clinicians make more informed decisions about when to operate

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Traditional Chinese Herb Combined with Surgery versus Surgery for Varicocele Infertility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/689056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Rong-liang Dun ◽

Min Yao ◽

Long Yang ◽

Xue-jun Cui ◽

Jian-min Mao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Chinese Herbs ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Dichotomous Data ◽

Surgery Group ◽

Traditional Chinese Herb ◽

The Cochrane Library

Objective. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese herb combined with surgery for male varicocele infertility compared to surgery.Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) data of traditional Chinese herbs combined with surgery for male varicocele fertility versus surgery were collected by searching the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Chinese databases. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Handbook. Study outcomes were presented as risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous data.Results. Seventeen of 72 potentially relevant trials met the inclusion criteria. The methodological qualities of the RCTs were low. Compared with the surgery group, the traditional Chinese herb combined with surgery group had superiority in pregnancy rate at 3-month (RR=1.76, andP=0.008), 6-month (RR=1.58, andP=0.0005), and 2-year (RR=1.58, andP=0.0005) follow-ups. No RCT was found to describe the side effects.Conclusion. On considering the low methodological quality of RCTs, there was no enough evidence on traditional Chinese herb with surgery for male varicocele infertility, and more high-quality RCTs of large sample sizes are required.

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Intelligence Quotient Outcome Following Epilepsy Surgery in Pediatric Age – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of Psychiatry & Mental Disorders ◽

10.26420/jpsychiatrymentaldisord.2021.1049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Alferes AR ◽

◽

Oliveiros B ◽

Pereira C ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intelligence Quotient ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Full Scale ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Pediatric Epilepsy ◽

Pediatric Age ◽

Meta Regression ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Intelligence Development

There is a deep-rooted correlation between refractory epilepsy in pediatric age and intelligence development. However, little is known about whether surgical procedures used in pediatric epilepsy treatment can affect Intelligence Quotient (IQ) or not. Factors that might influence postoperative IQ are also a matter of study in several articles. To tackle these issues, a systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted with the terms “epilepsy”, “epileptic”, “surgery”, “surgical”, “Wechsler Scale” and “intelligence tests” in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials.gov. A descriptive data synthesis was carried out to address each of the objectives and then a metaanalysis using a random effects model was conducted. A meta-regression was performed to ascertain possible factors that could influence postoperative IQ. The meta-analysis of the studies included found a mean difference between postoperative and preoperative full-scale IQ values of 1.014 standardized points (p < 0.001). Among all the articles regarding curative surgeries, only three reported an overall significant improvement in IQ after surgery. Regarding palliative procedures, both studies with anterior corpus callosotomy reported a significant improvement in full-scale IQ values two years after surgery. The meta-regression performed did not find any predictors of change in full-scale IQ.

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