The Roles of I-turn Migrants in Revitalizing Rural Communities: A Case Study of Some Selected Rural Areas in Kansai Region

In a context of political and economic austerity, social innovation has been presented as a solution to many social challenges, old and new. It aims to support the introduction of new ideas in response to the current urgent needs and challenges of vulnerable groups and seems to offer promising solutions to the challenges faced by rural areas. Yet the evidence base of the impacts on the sustainable development of rural communities remains scarce. In this paper, we explore social innovation in the context of community forestry and provide a brief synthetic review of key themes linking the two concepts. We examine a case of social innovation in the context of community forestry and analyse its type, extent, and scale of impact in a marginalized rural area of Scotland. Using an in-depth case study approach, we apply a mixed research methodology using quantitative indicators of impact as well as qualitative data. Our results show that social innovation reinforces the social dimension of community forestry. Impacts are highlighted across domains (environmental, social, economic, and institutional/governance) but are mainly limited to local territory. We discuss the significance of those results in the context of community forestry as well as for local development. We formulate policy recommendations to foster and sustain social innovation in rural areas.

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Community Networks for Addressing Affordability of ICT Access in African Rural Areas

Affordability Issues Surrounding the Use of ICT for Development and Poverty Reduction - Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3179-1.ch001 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sam Takavarasha Jr. ◽

Carl Adams ◽

Liezel Cilliers

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Community Networks ◽

Eastern Cape ◽

Disadvantaged Communities ◽

Digital Divides ◽

Global North ◽

Vexed Question

Mobile ICTs have addressed the digital divides between the global south and the global north. While a phenomenal mobile penetration in developing countries has enabled ICT4D innovations by connecting previously unconnected people, several communities suffer adverse inclusion or lack access altogether. Such digital divides within countries have been attributed to technical, social, and economic issues. As a result, many approaches to bridging the digital divides have been used by both academics and practitioners. This chapter, therefore, discusses the potential use of community networks for providing sustainable and affordable access to rural communities in developing countries. In addition to the advantages of community networks, the chapter presents the challenges thereof, and it contributes to the vexed question about how to harness ICTs to empower the disadvantaged communities in developing countries. A case study of Zenzeleni Makhosi community network in South Africa's Eastern Cape province is presented and analysed using Sen's capability approach.

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Sustainable Entrepreneurship, Family Farms and the Dairy Industry

10.4018/978-1-6684-3550-2.ch041 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 898-916

Author(s):

Vanessa Ratten ◽

Leo-Paul Dana

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Family Farms ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Regional Competitiveness ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Study Approach ◽

International Standing ◽

Entrepreneurial Strategies

There has been increasing recognition that for regional competitiveness in rural areas there needs to be a focus on sustainable farming initiatives especially for family farms that are competing with global conglomerates. Family farms, whilst declining in number, are the purpose of this paper studying the rural entrepreneurship in family farms as they are at the heart of rural communities and the overall agricultural industry and comprise a high percentage of total farms. This paper takes a case study approach using in-depth semi structured interviews to delve into the types of entrepreneurial strategies that are distinctive of family farms in terms of their sustainability approach to farming. Dairy farms in the West Victorian area of Australia are studied and the findings suggest that family farms can increase their regional competitiveness and international standing by focusing on their collaborative, social and sustainable entrepreneurial strategies.

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Revenue Sharing in Community–Private Sector Lodges in Namibia: A Bargaining Model

Tourism Economics ◽

10.5367/000000009789036585 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 653-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Renaud Lapeyre

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

Nash Bargaining ◽

Future Research ◽

Bargaining Model ◽

Communal Lands ◽

Efficiency Effects

Taking tourism in Namibian rural areas as an empirical case study, this paper analyses the main factors that explain the economic outcome in a negotiation process in which local communities and private operators bargain over the distribution of income generated through a partnership lodge. While much research has focused on the required preconditions (especially property rights) and efficiency effects of tourism partnerships, a Nash bargaining model allows us to assess the distributive effects of such contracts. In particular, variables such as insecure community land tenure, and the resulting reduced value of land, the remoteness of lodges and the community's impatience and attitude towards risk could explain why rural communities have not so far captured the lion's share from tourism activities in communal lands. Finally, the paper shows that future research will be needed to complete the model in order to provide an account of the contractual problems that limit the efficiency of tourism partnerships in rural areas – transaction costs and underinvestment.

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Where are they working? A case study of twenty Cuban-trained South African doctors

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v11i1.1977 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Munirah Motala ◽

Jacqueline Van Wyk

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

South African ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Career Choices ◽

Medical Training ◽

Sampling Strategy ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Primary Care Level

Background: The year 2017 marked the 21st anniversary of the South African Cuban Medical Collaboration (SACMC) programme that offers disadvantaged South African (SA) students an opportunity for medical training in Cuba. Graduates are expected to return to practice at a primary care level in rural communities; however, little is known about the professional trajectories and career choices of graduates from the programme.Aim: This study explored the reasons why students enrolled in the programme, their professional and career choices as graduates and their career intentions.Setting: The study setting was the whole of SA although participants were primarily drawn from KwaZulu-Natal.Methods: An exploratory, qualitative case study used a purposive sampling strategy to gather data through semi-structured interviews from participants.Results: Graduates (N = 20) of the SACMC programme were all practicing in local SA settings. Participants preferred the SACMC programme as it offered them a full scholarship for medical training. Nineteen doctors had fulfilled their obligation to work in rural areas. Thirteen doctors are engaged in primary healthcare practice, either as private practice generalists or as public service medical officers. Three doctors had completed specialty training: one doctor was training towards specialisation, one doctor was employed at national government and two doctors were employed as medical managers. At the time of the study, 11 doctors were practicing in rural locations and 19 had indicated a long-term intention to work and live within South Africa.Conclusion: The participants of this study who graduated from the SACMC programme are fulfilling their obligations in rural communities. They all intend to contribute to the SA medical workforce in the long-term.

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Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

EQUILIBRIUM Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembelajarannya ◽

10.25273/equilibrium.v7i1.3838 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Maretha Berlianantiya Muhammad Ridwan Eka Wardani

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

The Impact ◽

The Village

<p><em>Poverty often occurs in rural areas rather than urban areas, low education which results in low quality of human resources and lack of access is often the cause of rural poverty. In addition, most of the economies of rural communities rely solely on the traditional agricultural sector. Various poverty reduction policies have been implemented, including village fund policies. This study aims to examine the management of village funds in the Balong sub-district of Madiun Regency with a case study in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo villages covering the management of village funds in Tatung village and Karangmojo village. Balong Subdistrict and the impact of empowerment in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo, Balong District. This research was conducted in Balong Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency with a Case study in Tatung Village and Karangmojo Village with qualitative methods. In the village of Tatung village funds are managed as tourist villages with a focus on Paragliding tourist rides. Whereas in Karangmojo village it is used for Bumdes in the form of Lovebird birds, providing Gapoktan assistance, and infrastructure development.</em></p>

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Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Tanks Planted with Rooted Macrophytes: Case Study; Description of the System; Design Criteria; and Efficiency

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1987.0095 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

C. Boutin

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Elimination Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Urban Neighborhood ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

First Results ◽

Operational Aspects

For several years, the CEMAGREF has been interested in the study of treatment plants adapted to rural areas. In this field, “macrophyte beds”, as a new procedure in water treatment, has been closely followed. This treatment plant is made up of a series of watertight tubes filled with gravel and rooted with aquatic plants. Since autumn of 1982, this plant has been treating the wastewater of a rehabilitation center which functions according to a scholastic calendar. Receiving loading of 28 population equivalents, the plant must be able to cope with loading variations reaching a factor of 6. The total planted surface is 63 m2, thus 2.5 m2 per population equivalent. The different series of measurements taken during an annual plant cycle show that:–the abatement of the organic loading (COD, BOD5) reaches 85% to 90%;–the elimination rate of total nitrogen is near 50%;–the phosphorus is mineralised but is not retained by the treatment. The samplings of effluent discharge, taken several times over a three year study period, showed that the once satisfactory discharge had degraded. The origin of this degradation should be looked into. The first results (as described above) will be completed by those obtained during a study which is being conducted on a larger scale (500 population equivalent). This plant was put into use in September 1985 and receives a loading of domestic wastewater from an urban neighborhood. The research project has as its aim to optimize both the economic and operational aspects of the treatment plant to answer the real needs of small rural communities.

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Building resilience to food insecurity in rural communities: Evidence from traditional institutions in Zimbabwe

Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies ◽

10.4102/jamba.v9i1.453 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emmanuel Mavhura

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Food Insecurity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Safety Net ◽

Civil Protection ◽

Smallholder Farming ◽

Collective Work ◽

Absorptive Capacities ◽

Traditional Institutions

Many rural communities that depend on smallholder farming face food insecurity induced by climate-related disasters. In response, some communities are taking the initiative to cope and adapt to climate-related disasters. Using case study material from the Zambezi Valley, Zimbabwe, this article examines how traditional institutions are enhancing resilience to food insecurity in rural areas. The data were collected through interviews and focus groups involving traditional leaders, ward councillors, village civil protection members and villagers selected in the valley. The findings point to how the Zunde raMambo informal safety net, nhimbe form of collective work and the practice of share-rearing arrangement to access draught power help save lives and alleviate food insecurity induced by flood or drought disasters. The study concludes that the three schemes are evidence of community reorganisation or change in response to food insecurity. They are a form of absorptive capacities enabling the community to cope with food insecurity.

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Should I Stay or Go: Rural Ageing, a Time for Reflection

Geriatrics ◽

10.3390/geriatrics3030049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emily Anderson ◽

Sarah Larkins ◽

Sarah Beaney ◽

Robin Ray

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Social Networks ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Older People ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Australian Government ◽

Ageing In Place ◽

Embedded Case Study ◽

Rural Ageing

(1) Background: Studies have shown that older people prefer to continue living in their own home and community as they age; however this is dependent upon available services and social support. In Australia about two thirds of people will age at home. The Australian Government provides home care packages to support ageing in place yet in rural areas not all services are available. The lack of employment opportunities in rural areas often results in family residing at a distance reducing available social support. This study aims to evaluate informal social support and its influence on ageing in place amongst older people in three Australian rural communities in Australia. (2) Methods: A multiple embedded case study was undertaken in three diverse rural communities. Eleven older rural residents ageing in place aged 65+ were interviewed about their ageing experience and plans for their future in the light of available social support along with 15 members of their social networks. Social networks were then visually depicted with the use of ecomaps and network members were interviewed. (3) Results show that kin and non-kin social networks support ageing in place however ageing is a time of change and reflection. (4) Conclusions: There is a need for more discussion within these networks when it comes to future planning.

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Production of Fresh Water by a Solar Still: An Experimental Case Study in Australia

Water ◽

10.3390/w13233373 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 3373

Author(s):

Elizabeth Nomor ◽

Rafiqul Islam ◽

Mohammad A. Alim ◽

Ataur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Sea Water ◽

Global Radiation ◽

Thermal Mass ◽

South Wales ◽

Development Goals ◽

Sky Temperature

There is a scarcity of fresh water in many rural communities where solar stills can be used to produce drinking water at a minimal cost. These stills use solar energy, which is a sustainable form of energy, and hence this can contribute towards achievement of United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study aims to develop empirical models of a solar stills based on experimental data obtained at Werrington South, New South Wales, Australia. Two solar stills were used in the experiment, a conventional design (Con-Still) and a con-still modified with adding extra thermal mass inside the still (mod-still). Regression analysis was adopted to develop prediction equations using Pi (productivity in L/m2/day) as the response variable and ambient temperature (Ta), sky temperature (Ts19), global radiation (Gh), and wind velocity (W) as the predictor variables. The mean and median productivity values of the mod-still were found to be 17%, and 22% higher than that those for the con-still. The proposed mod-still can be further improved and used in rural areas to produce fresh water from sea water and other forms of contaminated water.

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