scholarly journals Mechanism of Livelihood Recovery of Tamil Households in Post-conflict Northern Sri Lankan Villages

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Tomoko Harada
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Post Conflict

scholarly journals Sri Lanka: Physical Reconstruction and Economic Development as Conflict Prevention Factors

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (69) ◽  
pp. 55-76
Author(s):  
Boženko Đevoić
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Postconflict Reconstruction ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT This article gives an overview of the 26 year long ethnic conflict in Sri Lanka and examines physical reconstruction and economic development as measures of conflict prevention and postconflict reconstruction. During the years of conflict, the Sri Lankan government performed some conflict prevention measures, but most of them caused counter effects, such as the attempt to provide “demilitarization”, which actually increased militarization on both sides, and “political power sharing” that was never honestly executed. Efforts in post-conflict physical reconstruction and economic development, especially after 2009, demonstrate their positive capacity as well as their conflict sensitivity. Although the Sri Lankan government initially had to be forced by international donors to include conflict sensitivity in its projects, more recently this has changed. The government now practices more conflict sensitivity in its planning and execution of physical reconstruction and economic development projects without external pressure.

scholarly journals Theoretical analysis on the convergence of India and China’s interests and their impact on post-conflict Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 4565-4572
Author(s):  
M.S.H.U. Karunarathne
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Conflict Period

Convergence of India-China interests on Sri Lankan context became critical during post conflict period as it provided the platform for these two powerful nations to check and balance their interests. This paper aims at discussing the impact of their interests on post conflict Sri Lanka. The main objective of the study is to theoretically analyze the convergence of Indo-China interests on above context and their impact on Sri Lanka. To achieve aforesaid objectives qualitative approach has been adopted and secondary data is the main type of data obtained from various sources such as books, journal articles, newspapers, government records and other relevant documents available in both printed and electronic versions. Document analysis, theoretical analysis and descriptive analysis are used to analyze data. In document analysis documents are interpreted to give meaning and it collects available data related to the study and interprets them to find out specific issues. Concepts derive from literature review and theoretical analysis helps to develop broader understanding on those issues and collect new knowledge. Descriptive analysis also used in certain areas to provide comprehensive understanding of collected data. The research findings conclude Chinese influence over the other regions seems inevitable with its rise as a global economic and military power which is perceived as a threat by India. India is also trying to match Chinese rise resulting suspicion and fear psychosis among one another’s achievements.  Both are engaged in a competition to achieve goodwill of their neighbors.  Sri Lanka has become convergence point for both India and China due to its strategic importance in the Indian Ocean and it was intensified during post conflict period. Both attempted to attract the post conflict reconstruction projects but China impressed more positively on Sri Lankan policy makers since its aid came with no influences for domestic politics. India raised the issue on reconciliation and power devolution and even supported UN resolution against Sri Lanka. Chinese approach was more peaceful and beneficial for Sri Lanka whereas India

scholarly journals Role of Military From Counter Insurgency to Peace Building: Paradigm Shift in the Sri Lankan Nation-Stateʼs Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Rajitha Nilaksha Rukshan
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

Historically, Sri Lanka (Ceylon) used to be considered as one of the more stable and secure countries in the South Asian region. In the years after independence it gradually dawned on the government that maintaining national security was a crucial and most challenging contemporary issue faced by the country. At the global level, the role of the Military was understood as being vital for ensuring the safety, security and dignity of the nation-state. And, when national security is threatened on any ground, the military is expected to play a key role in safeguarding it. However, after the military victory was won by defeating the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in Sri Lanka in 2009 it was expected that a deep sense of peace and tranquility would be restored in the country. Contrary to this expectation, Sri Lankan national security was breached very badly, leadimg to an unstable situation as a result of a series of bomb blasts set off by certain extremist elements on the 21st of April 2019. In this backdrop, it would be a timely exercise to explore and analyze the Sri Lankan nation stateʼs security, peace building initiatives, and the role of the military. Taking this a step further, this study sought to analyze the role played by the military in the post-conflict peace building process as well. The study used qualitative methodology to conduct the investigation. Secondary data sources including books, articles and official reports were utilized to collect information for this study. This research found that in Sri Lanka the military was actively engaged in maintaining national security by using its soft and hard power as appropriate. This Study also found that lack of a coherent National Security Policy in Sri Lanka has been a key problem that needs to be addressed and corrected soon to ensure the safety and security of the country.

scholarly journals Post-conflict struggles as networks of problems: A network analysis of trauma, daily stressors and psychological distress among Sri Lankan war survivors

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuwan Jayawickreme ◽  
Candace Mootoo ◽  
Christine Fountain ◽  
Andrew Rasmussen ◽  
Eranda Jayawickreme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
War Survivors

scholarly journals Post-War Conflict in Sri Lanka: Violence against Sri Lankan Muslims and Buddhist Hegemony

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 109-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Aliff
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Post War

Following the end of the thirty years old civil war in Sri Lanka, there were expectations that the post‐war period would usher in peace, development and reconciliation. The last four years have witnessed several positive developments including resettlement of people and rehabilitation of infrastructure. Nonetheless there are range of problems and policy gaps that have hindered the transition from war to sustainable peace. A key post-war challenge is that of violence against religious sites and members of religious communities. More recently, from last year, there has been an unprecedented level of violent attacks, demonstrations and hate speech targeting Sri Lanka’s Muslim population. It noted a ‘sharp uptick’ in religiously-motivated violence and said the authorities are ‘passively and sometimes actively’ condoning extremist Buddhist groups, Mainly perpetrated by Buddhist-fascist fundamentalist groups, such as the ‘Bodu Bala Sena’ or ‘Buddhist power force’ and the Hela Urmaya or Sinhala Heritage Party are the main groups behind these targeting of Muslims.The events have left the country’s second largest minority community - the Muslims feeling afraid and vulnerable which forcing a concerted campaign against them. In addition to attacks on places of religious worship there are calls to boycott Muslim shops and establishments, all of which is increasing tensions, particularly in areas where Muslims and Sinhalese live close to each other. These were virtually programmed by some prominent and influential personalities in governing circles, besides others who had a vested interest in seeing Sri Lanka imploding amid heightening ‘communal tensions.’On this context, this study focuses on the recent incident of violence against Muslims in Sri Lanka. The primary objective of this study is to examine the motive for violence against Muslims as well as impact of the violence. The fundamental questions of this research are the following: why does post-war violence and hate propaganda arise against Muslim in Sri Lanka? In which ways the violence against minorities, particularly Muslims impact on reconciliation process? And why does Buddhist nationalist hegemony arise soon after civil war in Sri Lanka? This study is based on an interpretive approach. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. In addition to primary sources, qualitative interviews were conducted with selected specialist on this particular research area. I conclude that after end of war against LTTE by government of Sri Lanka, religious tension has been increased in the recent past and the government’s reluctance even to take firm action against to perpetrators which would be helpful in restoring the rule of law and security of Sri Lankan minorities has been a big hurdle in the post-conflict situation and government are perceived to serve only the Buddhist side and to marginalize those holding legitimate grievances.

“Who are we without the war?”: The evolution of the Tamil ethnic identity in post-conflict Sri Lanka

Ethnicities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-586
Author(s):  
Kalyani Thurairajah
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Conflict ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sri Lankan Tamils

Studies of post-conflict societies have often focused on inter-ethnic group dynamics following the end of conflict, specifically the process of reconciliation between groups, or resurgence of violence across groups. This paper focuses on intra-ethnic differences with respect to defining ethnic identity. This paper will examine how the end of the Sri Lankan ethnic conflict created cleavages amongst Sri Lankan Tamils with respect to how they define their ethnic identity and their ethnic group. Drawing upon 66 semi-structured interviews conducted in three regions of Sri Lanka, this paper presents three perspectives that were held among Tamils in post-conflict Sri Lanka. The first perspective was that the end of the ethnic conflict led to a loss in the fundamental tenets of the Tamil ethnic identity. The second perspective considered the promotion of a distinct Tamil ethnic identity to be a gateway to conflict. The third perspective articulated that the end of the ethnic conflict meant that the Tamil ethnic identity could move forward in a more cosmopolitan direction. The findings of this study demonstrate the importance of considering the social construction of ethnic identities, and their implications on post-conflict reconstruction.

Sinhala and Tamil Nationalism Through the Lens of Territorialisation and Memorialisation in Post-conflict Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-592
Author(s):  
Roshni Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Post Conflict

Perera, Sasanka, Warzone Tourism in Sri Lanka: Tales from Darker Places in Paradise (SAGE Publications, 2016). pp. 256, ₹578.00. ISBN 978-9351509226 (Hardcover). Subramanian, Samanth, This Divided Island: Stories from the Sri Lankan War (Thomas Dunne Books). pp. 336, ₹1,312. ISBN: 978-1250069740 (Hardcover).

scholarly journals (A257) Enhancing Human Resources for Health in Crisis: Experience from the War-Affected Districts of Sri Lanka

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s71-s71
Author(s):  
K. Wickramage ◽  
T. Ranasinghe ◽  
A. Zwi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Positive Leadership ◽  
Post Conflict

AimsThis paper examines the coordination framework and interventions undertaken by the Sri Lankan health sector in providing essential health services to the displaced communities in the aftermath of the violent conflict in 2009. The narrative describes, in a chronological format, the strategies and actions undertaken by the health sector in response to a rapidly changing humanitarian crisis. The paper examines some of the key challenges faced by the health sector in the post-conflict recovery phases, the most pertinent being the human resources for health needs.MethodsA review of Ministry of Health departmental meeting minutes/circulars, inter-agency health coordination meeting reports, weekly surveillance reports, inter-agency/agency assessments, media files, and donor and health cluster member reports were compiled and then analyzed in order to construct a narrative on how the Health Sector responded to the humanitarian crisis (from acute emergency phase to the post-conflict recovery and resettlement phase). The authors also were integrally involved in the planning, development, implementation, and monitoring of a spectrum of health sector interventions during the humanitarian crisis from within Government and the United Nations system.RecommendationsA health systems strengthening approach, which places emphasis on human resources for health, can be effective in delivering high impact, sustained, high quality health care even in difficult and complex humanitarian emergencies such as civil war. The Sri Lankan experience has shown that harnessing effective human resource management stratergies in crisis also is vital for the post-conflict health system recovery phase that follows.The excuse that “the system may be too overwhelmed”; or health departments “too overstretched” to lead a coordinated effort can be mitigated with positive leadership and planning. The dividends of working in such an approach also ushers reconcilliation via a unified health workforce and promoting the idea of health as a bridge for peace.

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