scholarly journals Desperate Times: Protecting the Public From Research Without Consent or Oversight During Public Health Emergencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 (11) ◽  
pp. 926-928
Author(s):  
Mary Catherine Beach ◽  
Howard M. Lederman ◽  
Megan Singleton ◽  
Roy G. Brower ◽  
Joseph Carrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

scholarly journals The Evolution Model of Public Risk Perception Based on Pandemic Spreading Theory under Perspective of COVID-19

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Zhang ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Guo-Bing Zhou ◽  
Nai-Ru Xu ◽  
Jia-Bao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
And Control

After the occurrence of public health emergencies, due to the uncertainty of the evolution of events and the asymmetry of pandemic information, the public’s risk perception will fluctuate dramatically. Excessive risk perception often causes the public to overreact to emergencies, resulting in irrational behaviors, which have a negative impact on economic development and social order. However, low-risk perception will reduce individual awareness of prevention and control, which is not conducive to the implementation of government pandemic prevention and control measures. Therefore, it is of great significance to accurately evaluate public risk perception for improving government risk management. This paper took the evolution of public risk perception based on the COVID-19 region as the research object. First, we analyze the characteristics of infectious diseases in the evolution of public risk perception of public health emergencies. Second, we analyze the characteristics of risk perception transmission in social networks. Third, we establish the dynamic model of public risk perception evolution based on SEIR, and the evolution mechanism of the public risk perception network is revealed through simulation experiments. Finally, we provide policy suggestions for government departments to deal with public health emergencies based on the conclusions of this study.

scholarly journals Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model for Public Health Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Xu ◽  
Yukun Cheng ◽  
Shuangliang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Safety And Health

Public health emergencies are more related to the safety and health of the public. For the management of the public health emergencies, all parties’ cooperation is the key to preventing and controlling the emergencies. Based on the assumption of bounded rationality, we formulate a tripartite evolutionary game model, involving the local government, the enterprises, and the public, for the public health emergency, e.g., COVID-19. The evolutionary stable strategies under different conditions of the tripartite evolutionary game are explored, and the effect from different factors on the decision-makings of participants for public health emergencies is also analyzed. Numerical analysis results show that formulating reasonable subsidy measures, encouraging the participation of the public, and enforcing the punishment to enterprises for their negative behaviors can prompt three parties to cooperate in fighting against the epidemic. Our work enriches an understanding of the governance for the public health emergency and provides theoretical support for the local government and related participants to make proper decisions in public health emergencies.

The Role of EMS Systems in Public Health Emergencies

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. McIntosh ◽  
Patricia Hinds ◽  
Lorraine M. Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Pneumonic Plague ◽  
Notification System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Isolation Facilities

AbstractIntroduction:Until now, the public health response to the threat of an epidemic has involved coordination of efforts between federal agencies, local health departments, and individual hospitals, with no defined role for prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) providers.Methods:Representatives from the local health department, hospital consortium, and prehospital EMS providers developed an interim plan for dealing with an epidemic alert. The plan allowed for the prehospital use of appropriate isolation procedures, prophylaxis of personnel, and predesignation of receiving hospitals for patients suspected of having infection. Additionally, a dual notification system utilizing an EMS physician and a representative from the Office of Infectious Diseases from the hospital group was implemented to ensure that all potential cases were captured. Initially, the plan was employed only for those cases arising from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCJ/Public Health Service (PHS) quarantine unit at the airport, but its use later was expanded to include all potential cases within the 9–1–1 system.Results:In the two test situations in which it was employed, the plan incorporating the prehospital EMS sector worked well and extended the “surveillance net” further into the community. During the Pneumonic Plague alert, EMS responded to the quarantine facilities at the airport five times and transported two patients to isolation facilities. Two additional patients were identified and transported to isolation facilities from calls within the 9–1–1 system. In all four isolated cases, Pneumonic Plague was ruled out. During the Ebola alert, no potential cases were identified.Conclusion:The incorporation of the prehospital sector into an already existing framework for public health emergencies (i.e., epidemics), enhances the reach of the public safety surveillance net and ensure that proper isolation is continued from identification of a possible case to arrival at a definitive treatment facility.

scholarly journals Rational trust in resilient health systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 553-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Kristine Kittelsen ◽  
Vincent Charles Keating
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
System Resilience ◽  
Relevant Component

AbstractThe 2014–15 Ebola epidemic in West Africa highlighted the significance of trust between the public and public health authorities in the mitigation of health crises. Since the end of the epidemic, there has been a focus amongst scholars and practitioners on building resilient health systems, which many see as an important precondition for successfully combatting future outbreaks. While trust has been acknowledged as a relevant component of health system resilience, we argue for a more sustained theoretical engagement with underlying models of trust in the literature. This article takes a first step in showing the importance of theoretical engagement by focusing on the appeal to rational models of trust in particular in the health system resilience literature, and how currently unconsidered assumptions in this model cast doubt on the effectiveness of strategies to generate trust, and therein resilience, during acute public health emergencies.

London faces pressure to bolster virus communication

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Lack ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Mixed Messages

Subject UK COVID-19 communication. Significance Communication is critically important during public health emergencies. The United Kingdom’s communications have contained mixed messages and a general lack of transparency. Several decisions with strong scientific grounding have not been adequately explained, resulting in many government achievements being undermined or overlooked. This is also a major contributory factor in the government’s eroding public support. Impacts The content and delivery of future addresses will determine how closely the public adheres to changes in guidance. The speed at which sectors of the economy can re-open is heavily dependent on the success of the communications strategy. The ongoing infodemic being played out on social media will continue to hamper the communication of public health messages.

scholarly journals Topic Relevance of Public Health Emergencies Influence on Internet Public Opinion Resonance: Simulation Based on Langevin’s Equation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Quan Cheng ◽  
Yan-gang Zhang ◽  
Yi-quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Stochastic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Phenomenon ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Resonance Model ◽  
Mutual Correlation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Topic Relevance

Public health emergencies occurred frequently, which usually result in the negative Internet public opinion events. In the complex network information ecological environment, multiple public opinion events may be aggregated to generate public opinion resonance due to the topic category, the mutual correlation of the subject involved, and the compound accumulation of specific emotions. In order to reveal the phenomenon and regulations of the public opinion resonance, we firstly analyze the influence factors of the Internet public opinion events in the public health emergencies. Then, based on Langevin’s equation, we propose the Internet public opinion stochastic resonance model considering the topic relevance. Furthermore, three exact public health emergencies in China are provided to reveal the regulations of evoked events “revival” caused by original events. We observe that the Langevin stochastic resonance model considering topic relevance can effectively reveal the resonance phenomenon of Internet public opinion caused by public health emergencies. For the original model without considering the topic relevance, the new model is more sensitive. Meanwhile, it is found that the degree of topic relevance between public health emergencies has a significant positive correlation with the intensity of Internet public opinion resonance.

scholarly journals Public Voice via Social Media: Role in Cooperative Governance during Public Health Emergency

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Yingying Su
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Voice Behavior ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Policy Evolution ◽  
Public Voice ◽  
Cooperative Governance

With the development of the Internet, social networking sites have empowered the public to directly express their views about social issues and hence contribute to social change. As a new type of voice behavior, public voice on social media has aroused wide concern among scholars. However, why public voice is expressed and how it influences social development and betterment in times of public health emergencies remains unstudied. A key point is whether governments can take effective countermeasures when faced with public health emergencies. In such situation, public voice is of great significance in the formulation and implementation of coping policies. This qualitive study uses China’s Health Code policy under COVID-19 to explore why the public performs voice behavior on social media and how this influences policy evolution and product innovation through cooperative governance. A stimulus-cognition-emotion-behavior model is established to explain public voice, indicating that it is influenced by cognitive processes and public emotions under policy stimulus. What is more, as a form of public participation in cooperative governance, public voice plays a significant role in promoting policy evolution and product innovation, and represents a useful form of cooperation with governments and enterprises to jointly maintain social stability under public health emergencies

Use of Interactive Voice Response Technology by Poison Centers during the H1N1 Outbreak

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
Mathias B. Forrester ◽  
John F. Villanacci ◽  
Norma Valle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
H1n1 Outbreak ◽  
Voice Response

AbstractIntroduction:Interactive voice response (IVR) technology may facilitate poison centers to handle increased call volumes that may occur during public health emergencies. On 28 April 2009, the Texas Poison Center Network (TPCN) added a H1N1 message in English and Spanish to its IVR system. This study tested whether IVR technology could be used to assist Texas poison centers during the H1N1 outbreak.Methods:The distribution of callers who accessed the H1N1 message during 29 April–31 May 2009 was determined with respect to message language, subsequent caller action, and date of the call.Results:The H1N1 message was accessed by 1,142 callers, of whom, 92.9% listened to the message in English, and 7.1% listened to the message in Spanish. After listening to the message, 33.3% hung up while 66.7% spoke to a poison center agent. The number of callers who accessed the message was highest on 29 April 2009 and then declined.Conclusions:Interactive voice response technology can be used to assist poison centers to provide information and handle calls from the public during a public health emergency.

Timed Influence Nets Based Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Public Health Emergency Scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2442-2447
Author(s):  
Hua He ◽  
Shan Mei ◽  
Yi Fan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Emergency Scenario ◽  
Scenario Evaluation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Emergency Actions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

By analysis the causal relationship of the public health emergency actions and effects, then establish a generalized model for the prevention and control of public health emergencies by Timed Influence Net (TIN), and on this basis of probability reasoning, inference result can assist analysis the pros and cons the emergency scenario. Method was applied to the example of SARS outbreak in Beijing in 2003 to show the rationality and validity of proposed method. According to the results have a study on the optimization of emergency scenario, optimized conditions comparative and analysis with the actual program. The results show that the proposed method can better support emergency scenario evaluation and optimization.

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