scholarly journals Tripartite Evolutionary Game Model for Public Health Emergencies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zhiqi Xu ◽  
Yukun Cheng ◽  
Shuangliang Yao
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Negative Behaviors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Safety And Health

Public health emergencies are more related to the safety and health of the public. For the management of the public health emergencies, all parties’ cooperation is the key to preventing and controlling the emergencies. Based on the assumption of bounded rationality, we formulate a tripartite evolutionary game model, involving the local government, the enterprises, and the public, for the public health emergency, e.g., COVID-19. The evolutionary stable strategies under different conditions of the tripartite evolutionary game are explored, and the effect from different factors on the decision-makings of participants for public health emergencies is also analyzed. Numerical analysis results show that formulating reasonable subsidy measures, encouraging the participation of the public, and enforcing the punishment to enterprises for their negative behaviors can prompt three parties to cooperate in fighting against the epidemic. Our work enriches an understanding of the governance for the public health emergency and provides theoretical support for the local government and related participants to make proper decisions in public health emergencies.

Use of Interactive Voice Response Technology by Poison Centers during the H1N1 Outbreak

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
Mathias B. Forrester ◽  
John F. Villanacci ◽  
Norma Valle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Poison Center ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Poison Centers ◽  
H1n1 Outbreak ◽  
Voice Response

AbstractIntroduction:Interactive voice response (IVR) technology may facilitate poison centers to handle increased call volumes that may occur during public health emergencies. On 28 April 2009, the Texas Poison Center Network (TPCN) added a H1N1 message in English and Spanish to its IVR system. This study tested whether IVR technology could be used to assist Texas poison centers during the H1N1 outbreak.Methods:The distribution of callers who accessed the H1N1 message during 29 April–31 May 2009 was determined with respect to message language, subsequent caller action, and date of the call.Results:The H1N1 message was accessed by 1,142 callers, of whom, 92.9% listened to the message in English, and 7.1% listened to the message in Spanish. After listening to the message, 33.3% hung up while 66.7% spoke to a poison center agent. The number of callers who accessed the message was highest on 29 April 2009 and then declined.Conclusions:Interactive voice response technology can be used to assist poison centers to provide information and handle calls from the public during a public health emergency.

Timed Influence Nets Based Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Public Health Emergency Scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2442-2447
Author(s):  
Hua He ◽  
Shan Mei ◽  
Yi Fan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Emergency Scenario ◽  
Scenario Evaluation ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Emergency Actions ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

By analysis the causal relationship of the public health emergency actions and effects, then establish a generalized model for the prevention and control of public health emergencies by Timed Influence Net (TIN), and on this basis of probability reasoning, inference result can assist analysis the pros and cons the emergency scenario. Method was applied to the example of SARS outbreak in Beijing in 2003 to show the rationality and validity of proposed method. According to the results have a study on the optimization of emergency scenario, optimized conditions comparative and analysis with the actual program. The results show that the proposed method can better support emergency scenario evaluation and optimization.

scholarly journals Canadian healthcare readiness for public health emergencies

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Cory Lefebvre ◽  
Adam Beswick ◽  
Lauren Crosby ◽  
Eric Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Care Services

Following the 2003 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) outbreak in Toronto, there remains a concern that Canada’s healthcare systems are inadequately equipped to respond to a future public health emergency. Public health emergencies, defined as an emergency need for health care services to respond to a disaster, significant or catastrophic event, are economically costly. Effective prevention and responses to future emergencies would prevent economic costs like those from the 2003 SARS outbreak. An analysis from Hawryluck et al. of the SARS response identified major gaps: incomplete infection control, lack of system-wide communications, and no system-wide coordination leading to isolated, inefficient responses. More than a decade later, improvements have been made but there are areas in the infection control protocol that still require changes. More training is required for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel to effectively handle emergency scenes and to improve multiple agency coordination. Local hospitals need to improve their surge capacity, administrative emergency preparedness infrastructure, and personnel training. The creation of the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) in 2004 responded to concerns about the capacity of Canada’s healthcare system to respond effectively to public health threats. At the provincial level, the Emergency Management Branch (EMB) works effectively similar to and in coordination with PHAC. The needs for improvement should question if Canada will be able to handle the next public health emergency that rolls through its door.

A Review of State Public Health Emergency Declarations in Peru: 2014-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-200
Author(s):  
Celso Bambarén ◽  
Maria del Socorro Alatrista
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Sudden Decrease

AbstractPeru has different legal mechanisms of emergency, one of which is the Public Health Emergency that is applicable when: there is high-risk for, or the existence of an outbreak, epidemic, or pandemic; the occurrence of cases of a disease classified as eliminated or eradicated; the occurrence of emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases with high epidemic potential; the occurrence of rapid disseminated epidemics that simultaneously affect more than one department; as well as the existence of an event that affects the continuity of health services.From July 2014 to December 2016, 23 Public Health Emergencies were declared, out of which 57% were in the high-risk or existence of epidemics, 30% were due to some natural or anthropic events that generate a sudden decrease in the operative capacity of health services, and 13% were due to the existence of a rapid spreading epidemic that could affect more than one department in the country. The risk or occurrence of epidemiological outbreaks, mainly of Dengue, was the main cause of emergency declaration. One-hundred and forty million US dollars were allocated to implement the action plans that were part of the declaration, of which 72% was used to keep the operational capacity of health services and 28% to vector and epidemiological control measures.BambarénC, AlatristaMdS. A review of state public health emergency declarations in Peru: 2014-2016. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):197–200.

scholarly journals Identify, Isolate, Inform: A 3-pronged Approach to Management of Public Health Emergencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi L. Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Safe Method ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Care Workers

AbstractDuring an evolving public health emergency, a simple algorithm for initial patient identification and management is essential for providers on the front lines. This article recommends a 3-pronged system of Identify, Isolate, Inform to describe the actions necessary in the first few minutes of encountering a potential Ebola patient. Application of the “vital sign zero” triage concept of early recognition of potential threats coupled with this novel algorithm will optimize protection of health care workers and the public health while concurrently providing a safe method for individual patient care. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-2)

scholarly journals Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Findings from a Survey of Specialty Providers in California

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117822182110286
Author(s):  
Kristen Henretty ◽  
Howard Padwa ◽  
Katherine Treiman ◽  
Marylou Gilbert ◽  
Tami L Mark
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Access Barriers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
At Home

Background: As the coronavirus pandemic public health emergency begins to ebb in the United States, policymakers and providers need to evaluate how the addiction treatment system functioned during the public health emergency and draw lessons for future emergencies. One important question is whether the pandemic curtailed the use of addiction treatment and the extent to which telehealth was able to mitigate access barriers. Methods: To begin to answer this question, we conducted a survey of specialty addiction treatment providers in California from June 2020 through July 2020. The survey focused specifically on provider organizations that served Medicaid beneficiaries. Results: Of the 133 respondents, 50% reported a decrease in patients since the stay-at-home order in March 2020, with the largest decline among new patients, and 58% said more patients were relapsing. Eighty-one percent of providers said that telemedicine use had increased since the stay-at-home order. Most said that telemedicine had moderately (48%) or completely (30%) addressed access barriers. Conclusion: More efforts are needed to ensure that patients, and in particular new patients, receive addiction treatment during public health emergencies.

scholarly journals PROBLEMATIKA PENERAPAN SISTEM KARANTINA WILAYAH DAN PSBB DALAM PENANGGULANGAN COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355
Author(s):  
Putu Lantika Oka Permadhi ◽  
I Made Sudirga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
All Diseases

Wabah Covid-19 saat ini sudah menjadi masalah yang sangat serius hampir diseluruh negara di dunia. Pemerintah Indonesia juga sudah menetapkan kondisi kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat terkait pandemi covid-19 dengan mengeluarkan 3 regulasi. Dikeluarkannya regulasi ini sebagai suatu bentuk perlindungan kesehatan untuk masyarakat dari segala penyakit dan/atau dari faktor resiko kesehatan masyarakat yang mempunyai potensi untuk menimbulkan suatu keadaan darurat kesehatan masyarakat dan juga untuk menstabilkan ekonomi negara ditengah pandemi covid-19. penelitian ini membahas mengenai problematika yang ada antara penerapan sistem karantina wilayah dan PSBB dalam penanggulangan covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami apa itu Sistem Karantina Wilayah dan Sistem PSBB dalam masa Pandemi Covid-19 serta apa problematika yang terjadi dengan penerapannya ini sehingga masyarakat dapat mengetahui mengapa pemerintah menerapkan sistem ini untuk penanggulangan penyebaran virus Covid-19. Dalam pembahasan ditemukan adanya beberapa kendala-kendala yang terjadi dengan penerapan sistem karantina wilayah maupun PSBB. Dengan adanya berbagai problematika tersebut, diharapkan dalam hal ini pemerintah harus cermat dalam menentukan sistem kedaruratan mana yang harus digunakan dalam memutus pandemi covid-19 ini. The Covid-19 outbreak has now become a very serious problem in all countries of the world. The Indonesian government has also determined the state of public health emergencies related to the covid-19 pandemic by issuing 3 regulations. The issuance of this regulation as a form of public health protection from all diseases and / or from public health risk factors that have the potential to cause a public health emergency and also to stabilize the country's economy amid the covid-19 pandemic. This study discusses the problems that exist between the application of the regional quarantine system and the PSBB in coping with covid-19. The purpose of this research is to understand what the Regional Quarantine System and PSBB System were during the Covid-19 Pandemic and what problems occurred with their implementation so that the public can find out why the government implemented this system to combat the spread of the Covid-19 virus. In the discussion, it was found that there were several obstacles that occurred with the implementation of the regional quarantine system and PSBB. With these various problems, it is hoped that in this case the government must be careful in determining which emergency system should be used in deciding this covid-19 pandemic.

Finding a Way through the Hospital Door: The Role of EMTALA in Public Health Emergencies

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Rosenbaum ◽  
Brian Kamoie
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Insurance Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
State Statutes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Emergency Room Care

This article examines the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) in a public health emergency context. Congress enacted EMTALA in 1986 to prohibit the practice of “patient clumping,” which involved hospitals’ refusal to undertake emergency screening and stabilization services for individual patients who sought emergency room care, typically because of insurance status, inability to pay, or other grounds unrelated to the patient’s need for the services or the hospital’s ability to provide them. But in fact EMTALA, whose conceptual roots can be found in the Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946 (Hill Burton) as well as an evolution in both the common law and state statutes related to hospital licensure, can be viewed as having a far broader purpose than protection of individuals, and indeed, one that is related to the protection of communities and the public health.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Game Analysis of Cross-Regional Coordinated Governance of Major Public Health Emergencies: The Example of the Spread of the COVID-19 Outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Qiao Peng ◽  
Wanting Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Game Model ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Asymmetric Game ◽  
Peripheral Regions

Cross-regional governance of government often faces various problems, which often brings great loss to the society. The global outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in early 2020 has not only caused serious economic and social losses to various countries but also put the current public health event governance system to a severe test. The cross-regional character and spillover effects of public health outbreak governance often make it difficult to coordinate cross-regional governance. In this context, this paper adopts a regional evolutionary game analysis framework and studies the cross-regional governance of public health emergencies by constructing a symmetric game of peripheral regions and an asymmetric game of core-peripheral regions. The marginal contribution of this paper is to attempt to construct a symmetric game model for peripheral regions and an asymmetric game model for core and peripheral regions using an evolutionary game approach to study the behavioral strategies of multiple regions in the governance of public health emergencies, and it is found that when the regional spillover effects and governance costs are small or the economic and social damages caused by public health emergencies are large, all regions will choose to conduct coordinated governance. Otherwise, there will be regions that choose to “free-ride.” This “free-rider” mentality has led to the failure in achieving good cross-regional collaborative governance of public health emergencies, resulting in a lack of efficiency in the overall governance of public health in society. However, when the spillover effect of regional governance exceeds a certain critical value, the result of the regional governance game is also the socially optimal result, when public health emergencies are effectively governed. At the same time, the relevant findings and analytical framework of this paper will provide a policy reference for the cross-regional governance of the current new crown epidemic.

Ready, Willing, and Able: A Framework for Improving the Public Health Emergency Preparedness System

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lee McCabe ◽  
Daniel J. Barnett ◽  
Henry G. Taylor ◽  
Jonathan M. Links
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

ABSTRACTEvery society is exposed periodically to catastrophes and public health emergencies that are broad in scale. Too often, these experiences reveal major deficits in the quality of emergency response. A critical barrier to achieving preparedness for high-quality, system-based emergency response is the absence of a universal framework and common language to guide the pursuit of that goal. We describe a simple but comprehensive framework to encourage a focused conversation to improve preparedness for the benefit of individuals, families, organizations, communities, and society as a whole. We propose that constructs associated with the well-known expression “ready, willing, and able” represent necessary and sufficient elements for a standardized approach to ensure high-quality emergency response across the disparate entities that make up the public health emergency preparedness system. The “ready, willing, and able” constructs are described and specific applications are offered to illustrate the broad applicability and heuristic value of the model. Finally, prospective steps are outlined for initiating and advancing a dialogue that may directly lead to or inform already existing efforts to develop quality standards, measures, guidance, and (potentially) a national accreditation program.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:161-168)

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