scholarly journals Effect of osmotic drying on physicochemical properties of pansies (viola × wittrockiana)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Fernandes ◽  
Susana Casal ◽  
Agostinho Magalhães ◽  
Paula Baptista ◽  
José A. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Osmotic Drying

The objective of this work was to study the effect of osmotic drying, using different hypertonic solutions (sucrose and sodium chloride), on physicochemical characteristics of pansies (Viola × wittrockiana). The same treatments were applied to lettuce to compare the behavior of flowers with other vegetables. Pansies' superhydrophobic surface structure, called papillae, increased the resistance to exchanges with hypertonic solutions. No weight loss was observed after most treatments (sucrose: between 2.2 and 6.8 %; NaCl: between -23.0 % and 1.5 %), aw maintained high values (>0.94) and monomeric anthocyanins were preserved (fresh 0.10 and 0.19 mg Cy-3glu/g fresh matter for 20%/1 h in NaCl and 60%/1 h in sucrose). When applying more drastic conditions, as sodium chloride for more than 1 hour, undesirable textural and color changes were observed. For lettuce, all treatments caused osmotic dehydration, weight loss (ranged between -9.3 to -30.3 % for 80%/1 h in sucrose and 15%/1 h in NaCl) and a reduction on aw (<0.97) and carotenoids, with sodium chloride causing more damage in visual appearance than sucrose. Therefore, immersion in osmotic solutions can be applied to lettuce but the desired effect was not achieved for pansies due to the morphological structure of the flowers' epidermis.

Role of Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Essential Oil as a Surface Fungus Inhibitor on Fermented Sausages: Evaluation of Its Effect on Microbial and Physicochemical Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLEMENCIA CHAVES-LÓPEZ1 ◽  
ANA MARÍA MARTIN-SAacute;NCHEZ ◽  
EVANGÉLICA FUENTES-ZARAGOZA ◽  
MANUEL VIUDA-MARTOS ◽  
JUANA FERNÁNDEZ-LÓPEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Textural Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Fermented Sausage ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Cladosporium Sphaerospermum

Oregano essential oil (OEO) was evaluated to determine its effect on the growth of natural contaminating molds on the surface of Spanish fermented sausage, the development of the internal microbial population of the sausage, and the physicochemical properties of the sausage. Results indicated a dramatic reduction in the contaminant molds. At the end of ripening, the main endogenous fungal species in control samples were Mucor racemosus (55%), Aspergillus fumigatus (20.6%), Cladosporium sphaerospermum (11.1%), Acremonium strictum (7.9%), and Aspergillus niger (4.7%). In samples treated with OEO, M. racemosus and A. fumigatus were the only species isolated; the treatment was more effective against A. fumigatus than against M. racemosus. The use of OEO to inhibit surface fungi did not affect the sausage drying process, pH, water activity, or color changes during ripening. These parameters change in a typical pattern for fermented dry-cured sausages during ripening. At the end of ripening, OEO-treated sausages had lower hardness and greater chewiness than the control but showed similar textural properties to sausages treated with potassium sorbate.

scholarly journals Influence of chitosan coatings with citric essential oil on the shelf-life of minimally processed mango (Mangifera indica L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 7679-7688
Author(s):  
Fabián Rico Rodríguez ◽  
Carolina Gutiérrez Cortés ◽  
Consuelo Díaz Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Sensory Acceptance

Demand for minimally processed fruits have increased due to their nutritional value and an increasing change in consumption habits. Physicochemical, microbiological, structural and sensory changes were determined in minimally processed mangoes (MPM) with chitosan (CH) edible coatings and lemon and orange essential oils (EOL). The MPM was first dipped in citric acid and a texturizing solution and then dipped in CH and lemon or orange EOL coatings. Weight loss, sensory acceptance, total soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, color changes, firmness and elasticity, and microbiological changes were quantified for 11 days of refrigerated storage. The CH and lemon EOL coating had more acceptance than the other treatments. No differences were found (p>0.05) for weight loss, total acidity, ascorbic acid, firmness or elasticity. There was a high amount of total phenols due to the EOL composition, as well as a high antioxidant capacity in the early days of storage. This characteristic decreased in the final days of the study. There was a decrease in the microbial charge for the lemon EOL treatment, as compared to the other samples. The CH and lemon EOL coating helped to maintain the shelf-life of the MPM for 11 days of storage without affecting the sensory acceptance. The CH and Orange EOL coating did not have an effect on the MPM physicochemical attributes; however, the sensory acceptance was negatively affected with off-flavors conferred to the MPM.

scholarly journals DEGRADATION OF NONWOVEN FABRICS SUITABLE FOR WET WIPES BURIED IN SOIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
V. Sülar ◽  
B. Keçeci
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Fibre Content ◽  
Regenerated Cellulose ◽  
Cellulosic Fibre ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics ◽  
Fabric Structure

In this research, biodegradation behaviour of nonwoven fabrics suitable for wet wipes having different fibre types such as regenerated cellulose (viscose and Tencel), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and their blends were investigated. Each nonwoven fabric was buried in soil and test samples were controlled in regular periods. Visual appearance was reported and examined by photographs and microscopic views. According to the changes in visual appearance and weight loss, biodegradation was examined in a systematic way. It has been observed that regenerated cellulose nonwoven fabrics and the PET nonwoven fabrics show big difference under the same degradation conditions. PET fibre content delays biodegradation in the soil and degradation behaviour is similar the content of PET fibre in fabric structure. The higher PET, lower degradation, and the higher cellulosic fibre, the higher degradation was determined for nonwoven fabrics suitable for wet wipes.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Analysis and Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality in Roundhill Landfill Vicinity of South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211987277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate

Groundwater is the most reliable resource for consumptive uses worldwide, but it is vulnerable to anthropogenic pollution in this post-industrialization era. Pollution of the resource may result from anthropogenic activities; hence, analysing the effects of leachate on groundwater is imperative. This study assessed the spatial distribution of physicochemical parameters of groundwater in Roundhill landfill vicinity of South Africa and conducted their hydrogeochemical analysis. Water samples were collected from 3 boreholes in the landfill surroundings and analysed for selected physicochemical characteristics. Spatial distribution of these parameters showed dominant pollution by Mn2+, Fe2+, and [Formula: see text], which surpassed prescribed allowable limits of the country in most of the study area. Possibilities of simple dissolution and ion mixing were deduced from the Durov diagram. Magnesium carbonate, sodium chloride, and mixed faces of groundwater were dominant in boreholes 1 to 3, respectively. The dominance of Ca2+, Cl−, Mg2+, and [Formula: see text] ions in some boreholes suggested anthropogenic pollution. Landfill leachate was associated with groundwater pollution in the study area.

scholarly journals Revealing the True Morphological Structure of Macroporous Soft Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6672
Author(s):  
Bohumila Podhorská ◽  
Miroslav Vetrík ◽  
Eva Chylíková-Krumbholcová ◽  
Lucie Kománková ◽  
Niloufar Rashedi Banafshehvaragh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Hydrogel Scaffolds

(1) Background: Macroporous hydrogel scaffolds based on poly [N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] are one of the widely studied biocompatible materials for tissue reparation and regeneration. This study investigated the morphological changes during hydrogel characterization which can significantly influence their future application. (2) Methods: Three types of macroporous soft hydrogels differing in pore size were prepared. The macroporosity was achieved by the addition of sacrificial template particles of sodium chloride of various sizes (0–30, 30–50, and 50–90 µm) to the polymerizing mixture. The 3D structure of the hydrogels was then investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The SEM was performed with specimens rapidly frozen to various temperatures, while non-frozen gels were visualized with LSCM. (3 and 4) Results and Conclusion: In comparison to LSCM, the SEM images revealed a significant alteration in the mean pore size and appearance of newly formed multiple connections between the pores, depending on the freezing conditions. Additionally, after freezing for SEM, the gel matrix between the pores and the fine pores collapsed. LSCM visualization aided the understanding of the dynamics of pore generation using sodium chloride, providing the direct observation of hydrogel scaffolds with the growing cells. Moreover, the reconstructed confocal z-stacks were a promising tool to quantify the swollen hydrogel volume reconstruction which is not possible with SEM.

scholarly journals Response of New-born Children to Hypertonic Solutions of Sodium Chloride and of Urea

Nature ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 160 (4078) ◽  
pp. 904-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. A. DEAN ◽  
R. A. MCCANCE
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
New Born ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions
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