A New Compound Distribution Based on a Mixture of Distributions and a Mixed System

This article is the revised text of the lecture delivered to the Stair Society at its Annual General Meeting in November 1997. It defends the proposition that Scots law, from the time of its emergence in the Middle Ages, has been a “mixed” system, open to the influence of both the English Common Law and the Civilian tradition. It also compares and contrasts the Reception of the Anglo-Norman law with that of Roman law. The former was quite specific as regards both time and substantive legal content. The Reception of Roman law, on the other hand, took place over a considerable period of time, and its effects were complex and diffuse. Above all, the Civilian tradition and the wider ius commune provided an intellectual framework against which to measure Scots law. Both Receptions exercised a profound influence on the continuing development of Scots law.

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“Collective Redress” in European Competition Law

Zeitschrift für Wettbewerbsrecht ◽

10.15375/zwer-2016-0407 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 388-414

Author(s):

Alexandra P. Mikroulea

Keyword(s):

Hybrid System ◽

Competition Law ◽

Mixed System ◽

Basic Question ◽

Effective Implementation ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Collective Redress ◽

Opt Out ◽

Private Autonomy ◽

European Competition Law

AbstractOpt-in or opt-out? That is the basic question to be answered. The decision to promote actions of “opt-in” type as opposed to those of the “opt-out” type, for the sake of private autonomy, does not ensure the effective application of european competition law. On the contrary, it may decrease the application’s intensity and effectiveness. Recent reforms among European state members such as in the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway are powerful indications that the opt-out principle may result in the effective implementation of competition law. There is no doubt that a mixed system (hybrid system), providing the court with the power to decide in favour of either the opt-in or the opt-out system, will result in better implementation of competition law. At the present time there are two pending cases in England (Dorothy Gibson and Mastercard) for which the decision on opt-out or opt-in are highly anticipated. Should the court decide, in one or both of the cases, on an opt-out approach, this will bring a momentous reevaluation of the entire collective redress concept.

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P-Removal in Completely Mixed Systems

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1985.0254 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 17 (11-12) ◽

pp. 325-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H J. G. W. Donker ◽

P. Opic ◽

H. P. de Vries

Keyword(s):

Mixed System ◽

Domestic Waste ◽

Recirculation Flow ◽

Start Up ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aerobic Reactor ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Mixed Systems ◽

P Removal

Ca. 60 % of the Dutch activated sludge plants consist of completely mixed systems, experiments have been carried out in completely mixed pilot plants to study the biological P-removal. The research was carried out in two pilot plants. The pilot plants consisted of: anaerobic reactor, anoxic reactor, aerobic reactor and a clarifier. All the reactors were completely mixed. Both plants were fed with settled domestic waste water at a sludge loading of 400 and 250 g COD/kg sludge.day respectively. The results are given below:sludge loading (g COD/kg sludge.day)400400250ratio Anaerobic : Anoxic : Aerobic1: 1:2,71:1:4,11:1:2,7P-removal (%)802875N-removal (%)505065COD-removal (%)858585 It has been shown that there is no significant difference between the results at the two different sludge loadings. Remarkable is the difference between the ratio 1:1:2,7 in combination with the internal recirculation flow anoxic-anaerobic of 160 % and the ratio 1:1:4,1 with a recirculation flow of 30 %. During the start-up at a sludge loading of 250 g COD/kg sludge.day and an internal recirculation flow of 30 %, bulking sludge developed almost immediately. The Premoval was completely disturbed. Increasing the internal recirculation flow to 160% had a positive effect on settling properties and P-removal. This investigation has pointed out that a completely mixed system is suitable for biological P-removal, without negatively affecting the nitrification. Important factors in the process are the ratio anaerobic:anoxic:aerobic and the recirculation flows.

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Optimising the Efficiency of Storm Water Settling Basins by Means of Bypassing

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1993.0490 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 27 (5-6) ◽

pp. 105-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. H. L. R. Clemens ◽

H. J. van Mameren ◽

J. Kollen

Keyword(s):

Boundary Conditions ◽

Dynamic Behaviour ◽

Storm Water ◽

Mixed System ◽

Research Needs ◽

Settling Basin ◽

Potential Increase ◽

Overall Efficiency ◽

Further Development

The reduction in pollutional load realised by storm water settling basins is potentially reduced due to the occurrence of a partially mixed situation in the basin or due to resuspension of settled material. The decrease in efficiency can theoretically be avoided by means of partially bypassing the basin. In order to quantify the potential increase in efficiency a settling basin in Amersfoort is taken as an example. This basin seems to behave like an almost completely mixed system, bypassing would increase the overall efficiency from ca. 34 % to ca 39 % for three overflows. The dynamic behaviour of settling basins, scouring conditions and the boundary conditions for which settling basins are to be designed are the research needs for further development in the field of storm water settling basins.

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Security at the Physical Layer Over GG Fading and mEGG Turbulence Induced RF-UOWC Mixed System

IEEE Access ◽

10.1109/access.2021.3053323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 18123-18136

Author(s):

A. S. M. Badrudduza ◽

Md. Ibrahim ◽

S. M. Riazul Islam ◽

Md. Shakhawat Hossen ◽

Milton Kumar Kundu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Layer ◽

Mixed System

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Effective-Field Approach to Long-Range Order of Spin-1 and Spin-1/2 Mixed System in XXZ Model with Single-Ion Uniaxial Anisotropy

Journal of the Physical Society of Japan ◽

10.7566/jpsj.89.074002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (7) ◽

pp. 074002

Author(s):

Masashige Onoda ◽

Satoshi Takada

Keyword(s):

Long Range ◽

Uniaxial Anisotropy ◽

Effective Field ◽

Range Order ◽

Mixed System ◽

Long Range Order ◽

Xxz Model ◽

Field Approach

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Mixed scalar-current bootstrap in three dimensions

Journal of High Energy Physics ◽

10.1007/jhep12(2020)156 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Marten Reehorst ◽

Emilio Trevisani ◽

Alessandro Vichi

Keyword(s):

Stress Tensor ◽

Quantum Monte Carlo ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Mixed System ◽

Point Function ◽

Function Coefficient ◽

Rigorous Bounds ◽

Usual Scalar ◽

Scalar Singlet ◽

Scalar Current

Abstract We study the mixed system of correlation functions involving a scalar field charged under a global U(1) symmetry and the associated conserved spin-1 current Jμ. Using numerical bootstrap techniques we obtain bounds on new observables not accessible in the usual scalar bootstrap. We then specialize to the O(2) model and extract rigorous bounds on the three-point function coefficient of two currents and the unique relevant scalar singlet, as well as those of two currents and the stress tensor. Using these results, and comparing with a quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the O(2) model conductivity, we give estimates of the thermal one-point function of the relevant singlet and the stress tensor. We also obtain new bounds on operators in various sectors.

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