Measuring the Flow Functions of Pharmaceutical Powders Using the Brookfield Powder Flow Tester and Freeman FT4

This study examined the feasibility of combining data from different powder flow testers to determine the flow function characteristics of pharmaceutical powders. The Brookfield PFT and Freeman FT4 can measure flow function over different scales of consolidation load but were found to be most complementary with CRM limestone powder and lactose. The brittle behaviour of Easytab particles at higher loads made obtaining repeatable results with the FT4 challenging. By using the method of Wang et al., where the flow function coefficient ffc is plotted against the dimensionless cohesion C* (measured cohesion Ta divided by the initial compaction I), a plot was formed which could be used to predict the behaviour of other systems, which compared well with previous studies.

THE INFLUENCE OF COMPREHENSIVE REHABILITATION MEASURES COMBINED WITH THE OSTEOPATHIC TREATMENT ON THE BALANCE FUNCTION COEFFICIENT IN CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM CEREBRAL PALSY

The article highlights the study records on the infl uence of comprehensive rehabilitation measures combined with osteopathic treatment on the balance function quality in children suff ering from cerebral palsy. The study involved children aged 7 to 12 with spastic diplegia (level II according to GMFCS), intact intelligence, and the ability to move independently without technical devices. The study showed that, if the osteopathic treatment was included in the set of rehabilitation measures, the quality of life and postural control in the upright position improved in children, the latter manifested itself in an increased indicator of the balance function quality.

Modeling and simulation of the enzymatic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol using soybean peroxidase

The enzymatic degradation of organic pollutants is a promising and ecological method for the remediation of industrial effluents. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol is a major pollutant in many residual waters, and its consumption has been linked to lymphomas, leukemia, and liver cancer. The goal of the present work is to comprehend the enzymatic degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol using soybean peroxidase. Different assumptions for the kinetic model were evaluated, and the simulations were compared to experimental data, which was obtained in a microreactor. The literature pointed out that the bi-bi ping-pong model represents well the kinetics of soybean peroxidase degradation. Since it is a complex model, some reactions can be considered or not. Six different possibilities for the model were considered, regarding different combinations of the generated enzyme forms that depend on the hypotheses for simplifying the model. The adjustment of the models was compared based on different metrics, such as the value of the objective function, coefficient of determination and root-mean-square error. The process modeling was obtained by the mass balance of all the reaction components, and all the simulations were performed in MATLAB® R2015a. Reaction parameters were estimated based on the weighted least squares between the experimental data set and the values predicted by the model. The results showed that the data were better adjusted by the model that considers all the enzyme forms, including enzyme inactivation. Therefore, a better comprehension of the reaction mechanism was achieved, which allows a more precise reactor project and process simulation.

Mixed scalar-current bootstrap in three dimensions

We study the mixed system of correlation functions involving a scalar field charged under a global U(1) symmetry and the associated conserved spin-1 current Jμ. Using numerical bootstrap techniques we obtain bounds on new observables not accessible in the usual scalar bootstrap. We then specialize to the O(2) model and extract rigorous bounds on the three-point function coefficient of two currents and the unique relevant scalar singlet, as well as those of two currents and the stress tensor. Using these results, and comparing with a quantum Monte Carlo simulation of the O(2) model conductivity, we give estimates of the thermal one-point function of the relevant singlet and the stress tensor. We also obtain new bounds on operators in various sectors.

A new catalogue of toroidal-mode overtone splitting function measurements

Spectra of whole Earth oscillations or normal modes provide important constraints on Earth’s large scale structure. The most convenient way to include normal mode constraints in global tomographic models is by using splitting functions or structure coefficients, which describe how the frequency of a specific mode varies regionally. Splitting functions constrain 3D variations in velocity, density structure and boundary topography. They may also constrain anisotropy, especially when combining information from spheroidal modes, which are mainly sensitive to P-SV structure, with toroidal modes, mainly sensitive to SH structure. Spheroidal modes have been measured extensively, but toroidal modes have proven to be much more difficult and as a result only a limited number of toroidal modes have been measured so far. Here we expand the splitting function studies by Resovsky and Ritzwoller (1998) and Deuss et al. (2013), by focusing specifically on toroidal mode overtone observations. We present splitting function measurements for 19 self-coupled toroidal modes of which 13 modes have not been measured before. They are derived from radial and transverse horizontal component normal mode spectra up to 5 mHz for 91 events with MW ≥ 7.4 from the years 1983-2018. Our data include the Tohoku event of 2011 (9.1MW), the Okhotsk event of 2013 (8.3MW) and the Fiji Island event from 2018 (8.2MW). Our measurements provide new constraints on upper and lower mantle shear wave velocity structure and in combination with existing spheroidal mode measurements can be used in future inversions for anisotropic mantle structure. Our new splitting function coefficient data set will be available online.

Production Risk and Competency among Categorized Rice Peasants: Cross-Sectional Evidence from an Emerging Country

Pakistan is an agrarian economy confronting both risk and uncertainty. Rural migration to urban and off-farm work is increasing in the country. Off-farm work assists in decreasing risk and uncertainty while technical efficiency is linked with off-farm employment. This research effort aims at investigating the underpinnings of production characteristics, risk, and efficiency across categories of rice farmers, i.e., with and without off-farm work, by developing two stochastic frontier models. Empirical results reveal that both groups of farmers are using inputs in different ways, subsequently production varies across these groups. Farmers in both the categories have common characteristics in terms of production function. Coefficient of family size is positively significant to the group of farmers having off-farm work while negatively associated to their counterparts. High temperature and prevalence of disease found risk increasing factors. Though one group is more efficient, in general both groups are technically inefficient. The short-term policy focus should be diverted to ensuring availability and timely application of inputs to enhance efficiency. In the long run, policy initiatives need to be taken towards rural development by providing employment facilitating social and economic infrastructure, along with focus on Research and Development (R&D) particularly keeping the rice belt in view.

Multi-objective fuzzy optimization for sustainable irrigation planning

The objective of the present work is to determine an optimal cropping pattern under uncertainty, which maximizes four objectives simultaneously, including net benefits (NBF), crop production (CPD), employment generation (EGN) and manure utilization (MUT). Except the objective of maximizing the NBF, the other objectives are related to sustainability. To deal with uncertainty, a multi-objective fuzzy linear programming (MOFLP) model has developed along with fuzziness in decision parameters (objective function coefficient, cost coefficients, technological coefficients and resources) and decision variables (area to be irrigated under each crop in each season) and applied the same to Jayakwadi Project Stage-I, Maharashtra, India. The present study is in the form of a successful attempt to deal with irrigation planning associated with sustainability and uncertainty.

Optimalisasi Keuntungan Industri Kecil Kerupuk Ikan Gabus Di Desa Kota Raden Hulu Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara

This study aims to determine the optimal benefits of small fish chips cork industry with limited available resources and perform sensitivity analysis on the optimal conditions For small industry profits cork fish crackers. Methods of data collection through census method. The data is taken from interviews with all members of the population. The population of small cork fish cracker industry is the one that cultivates both types (large packaged cork crackers and small cork fish crackers) as many as 15 small industries of cork fish crackers in Kota Raden Hulu Village, all of which were respondents in this study.. Based on a linear programming graphical method, showed that the optimal benefit small industries crackers catfish production occurs when a large parcel cork fish crackers (X1) 299.9373 as fish crackers cork wrap and a small parcel (X2) of 643.459 packs. While the number of optimal advantage of the production is Rp. 5,727,621, -. The sensitivity analysis is known objective function coefficient limits the maximum and minimum for C1 and C2 as follows: The maximum limit for C1 (9.213,32 ≤ C1 ≤ 9.213,34), the minimum threshold for C2 (4.606,66 ≤ C2 ≤ 18.426,68). Analysis of resources and constraints shadow value indicates the function 1 has a shadow value of Rp. 57825.5.

Association of genetic, biochemical and functional markers of the condition of the vascular endothelium in chronic heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction

The aim of this study was to analyse genetic (polymorphism 4a/4b gene NOS3), biochemical (endothelin-1) and functional (endothelial function coefficient) markers of a condition of vascular endothelium in patients (n = 65) with chronic heart failure (CHF) with mid-range ejection fraction (40–49%), depending of the stage of the disease and identify the presence of associations between the analyzed markers. Somatically healthy people (n = 65) were examined as a control group. A decrease in the value of the endothelial function coefficient and an increase in the production of endothelin-1 in all groups of patients compared with somatically healthy people were revealed. The severity of these changes was greater in groups of patients with more severe stage of the disease. The analysis of polymorphism 4a/4b gene NOS3 in patients with CHF revealed a statistically significant predominance of the number of patients with a more severe stage of the disease among of patients with polymorphism 4a/4b. Patients with polymorphism 4a/4b had a statistically significant lower value of the endothelial function coefficient and a higher level of endothelin-1 compared patients with polymorphism 4b/4b. Thus, polymorphism 4a/4b is characterized by a deeper lesion of the vascular endothelium in patients with CHF with mid-range ejection fraction and the development of more severe stages of the disease. The obtained data can be used in the aspect of personalized medicine.

Characteristics of Cμ2 derived from ultrasonic anemometer in an urban boundary layer

Fast-response observations of three components of wind and air temperature have been applied to calculate the refractive index function coefficient (Cμ2 ), which is needed to describe optical wave propagation in a turbulent medium. These were measured by 3D ultrasonic anemometer installed on the roof of the building of Atmospheric Science Department which is 19 m above ground level. Refractive index function coeffi cient was calculated for various periods of three seasons: winter, spring and summer.Diurnal variations of (Cμ2) have been made at the surface layer for these seasons. The results show that high values ofmean (Cμ2) occurred during the day time more than at night, also they occurred more in summer than in winter and spring. The results of (Cμ2) found to change with atmospheric stability, whereas they inversely decrease under unstable conditions, approximately constant at neutral cases, and increase under stable conditions. Values of (Cμ2) on average appears to be lower during the rainy and foggy weather cases compared to those of clear sky.