Back to the Drawing Board

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Verdini Trejo
Keyword(s):  
Colorado River ◽  
Window Of Opportunity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Critical Window ◽  
Cooperative Process ◽  
Drawing Board ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Colorado River Water

Explores how, in the context of drought, the parties were able to move From Litigation to Cooperation. After a serious diplomatic confrontation and ensuing lawsuit in which both countries ended up worse off than before, leaders on both sides of the border set out to frame a new mandate. With this new approach, the two sides sought to redefine their relations on the Colorado River and begin negotiations from a constructive, mutual gains mindset. Turning Crisis into Opportunity examines the ways in which the two sides seized a critical window of opportunity to move the negotiations forward following the devastating 2010 earthquake in Mexico’s Mexicali Valley, which weakened the alternatives of several domestic constituencies in Mexico who were opposed to a cooperative process with the U.S. No Negotiation without Representation explains how the U.S. was able to break the traditional diplomatic protocol to allow the seven U.S. states that own the rights to the Colorado River water to be appropriately represented and have a seat at the negotiating table. Involved for the first time as co-sovereigns with the U.S. and Mexican federal authorities, the contributions of the Upper Basin and Lower Basin states were critical to shaping an implementable agreement.

TREE-RING DATES AND NAVAJO SETTLEMENT PATTERNS IN ARIZONA

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chip Colwell ◽  
T. J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
New Approach ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Northern Arizona ◽  
Black Mesa ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
The U.S

The historical timing and movement of Navajo communities in the U.S. Southwest continue to be key, but unresolved, issues. This paper analyzes tree-ring data to consider initial Navajo settlement patterns in the Little Colorado River watershed, Black Mesa, and nearby regions in northern Arizona. We are critical of previous studies that deem all tree-ring dates to be equally valid, so we present a new approach to systematically identify potential early Navajo sites. After analyzing hundreds of tree-ring specimens from 774 sites, we conclude that dendrochronological evidence offers moderate-to-high confidence that 18 Navajo sites in the study area were settled prior to 1882. These dendrochronological data support the hypothesis of a westward Navajo migration from the Dinétah, reaching Black Mesa in Arizona about 1840, other areas north and east of the Hopi Mesas in the 1850s, and land west of Hopi in the 1870s after the release of Navajos from Fort Sumner in 1868.

Simulation of Laminar Liquid Jets in Gaseous Crossflow Before the Onset of Primary Breakup

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-L. Ng ◽  
K. A. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Jet Breakup ◽  
Primary Breakup ◽  
Density Ratios ◽  
First Time ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Reduced Pressures

The deformation of laminar liquid jets in gaseous crossflow before the onset of primary breakup is studied motivated by its application to fuel injection in jet afterburners and agricultural sprays, among others. Three crossflow Weber numbers that represent three different liquid jet breakup regimes; column, bag, and shear breakup regimes, were studied at large liquid/gas density ratios and small Ohnesorge numbers. In each case the liquid jet was simulated from the jet exit and ended before the location where the experimental data indicated the onset of breakup. The results show that in column and bag breakup, the reduced pressures along the sides of the jet cause the liquid to move to the sides of the jet and enhance the jet deformation. In shear breakup, the flattened upwind surface pushes the liquid towards the two sides of the jet and causing the gaseous crossflow to separate near the edges of the liquid jet thus preventing further deformation before the onset of breakup. It was also found out that in shear breakup regime, the liquid phase velocity inside the liquid jet was large enough to cause onset of ligament formation along the jet side, which was not the case in the column and bag breakup regimes. In bag breakup, downwind surface waves were observed to grow along the sides of the liquid jet triggered a complimentary experimental study that confirmed the existence of those waves for the first time.

Infrastructures as colonial beachheads: The Central Arizona Project and the taking of Navajo resources

2021 ◽  
pp. 026377582199153
Author(s):  
Andrew Curley
Keyword(s):  
Colorado River ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Navajo Nation ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Central Arizona Project ◽  
Indigenous Lands ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Central Arizona ◽  
Colorado River Water

Colonial difference is a story of national infrastructures. To understand how colonialism works across Indigenous lands, we need to appreciate the physical, legal, and political factors involved in the building and expanding of national infrastructures in different historical contexts; infrastructures that arrive in some places while denied in others. Using archival documents, this article accounts for the colonial politics necessary to bring Colorado River water into Phoenix and Tucson. It highlights how the following moments worked to enlarge Arizona’s population and power while denying Diné water claims: the 1922 Colorado Compact, Arizona’s 1960s campaign for the Central Arizona Project, and recent Indian water settlements between Arizona and Navajo Nation. The infrastructures that emerged from these events formed a coal–energy–water nexus reliant on Navajo coal while constructing Arizona’s water network. In sum, these projects served as colonial beachheads—temporal encroachments on Indigenous lands and livelihoods that augment material and political difference over time and exacerbate inequalities.

A multi-manned assembly line balancing problem with classified teams: a new approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Yilmaz ◽  
Mustafa Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Assembly Line ◽  
Assembly Line Balancing ◽  
Line Balancing ◽  
Test Problems ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Line Test ◽  
Assembly Line Balancing Problem ◽  
First Time

Purpose – Within team-oriented approaches, tasks are assigned to teams before being assigned to workstations as a reality of industry. So it becomes clear, which workers assemble which tasks. Design/methodology/approach – Team numbers of the assembly line can increase with the number of tasks, but at the same time, due to physical situations of the stations, there will be limitations of maximum working team numbers in a station. For this purpose, heuristic assembly line balancing (ALB) procedure is used and mathematical model is developed for the problem. Findings – Well-known assembly line test problems widely used in the literature are solved to indicate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach in practice. Originality/value – This paper draws attention to ALB problem in which workers have been assigned to teams in advance due to the need for specialized skills or equipment on the line for the first time.

Strength of cold-formed steel shear diaphragms

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Fazio ◽  
Kinh Ha ◽  
S. Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Seismic Design ◽  
Shear Capacity ◽  
Rational Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Steel Institute

The design of light-gage steel corrugated shear diaphragms is not yet covered by the structural codes of many countries, including Canada. The shear capacity of steel diaphragms may be predicted by various approaches currently available, namely, those proposed by: (1) the American Iron and Steel Institute; (2) the Manual of seismic design of buildings, published by the U.S. Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force; and (3) the recommendations outlined in the current British code. In this paper, a rational method is proposed and the application of all the above methods is illustrated with reference to a specific example. Finally, the shear strengths of many diaphragms are predicted by the new approach developed by the authors and the results are compared to test data.

Wartime Prosperity? A Reassessment of the U.S. Economy in the 1940s

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Higgs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Command Economy ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

Relying on standard measures of macroeconomic performance, historians and economists believe that “war prosperity” prevailed in the United States during World War II. This belief is ill-founded, because it does not recognize that the United States had a command economy during the war. From 1942 to 1946 some macroeconomic performance measures are statistically inaccurate; others are conceptually inappropriate. A better grounded interpretation is that during the war the economy was a huge arsenal in which the well-being of consumers deteriorated. After the war genuine prosperity returned for the first time since 1929.

SUING YOUR PARENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. A78-A78
Author(s):  
B. H.
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Foster Parents ◽  
Legal Action ◽  
Lake County ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

In a court battle beginning today, a judge will be asked for what is believed to be the first time to determine whether children have the right to take legal action on their own behalf. At the heart of the dispute in a Lake County, Fla., courtroom is a small, bespectacled boy who claims his childhood has been destroyed and who is doing battle with two formidable adversaries: his parents and the U.S. legal system. Gregory K., age 11, (his name is being withheld by the court) has taken the unprecedented step of filing a petition to divorce himself from his parents ... Judge C. Richard Singeltary is being asked to decide whether Gregory has the right to divorce his parents. The court is also being asked to allow Gregory's foster parents—with whom the boy has been living for nine month—to adopt him.

The Invisible Hand of Diplomacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-376
Author(s):  
Elizabeth O’Brien Ingleson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
First Time ◽  
Simple Narrative ◽  
The U.S

In December 1977, a tiny group of U.S. glove makers—most of whom were African American and Latina women—launched a petition before the U.S. International Trade Commission calling for protection from rising imports. Their target was China. Represented by the Work Glove Manufacturers Association, their petition called for quotas on a particular kind of glove entering the United States from China: cotton work gloves. This was a watershed moment. For the first time since the Communist Party came to power in 1949, U.S. workers singled out Chinese goods in pursuit of import relief. Because they were such a small group taking on a country as large as China, their supporters championed the cause as one of David versus Goliath. Yet the case has been forgotten, partly because the glove workers lost. Here I uncover their story, bringing the history of 1970s deindustrialization in the United States into conversation with U.S.-China rapprochement, one of the most significant political transformations of the Cold War. The case, and indeed the loss itself, reveals the tensions between the interests of U.S. workers, corporations, and diplomats. Yet the case does not provide a simple narrative of U.S. workers’ interests being suppressed by diplomats and policymakers nurturing globalized trade ties. Instead, it also underscored the conflicting interests within the U.S. labor movement at a time when manufacturing companies were moving their production jobs to East Asia.

A New Approach for the Fabrication of Tetragonal BaTiO3 Nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2692-2701
Author(s):  
Vu T. Tan ◽  
La The Vinh ◽  
Vu Minh Khoi ◽  
Huynh Dang Chinh ◽  
Pham Van Tuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Particle Size Effect ◽  
Ferroelectric Material ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Munk Function ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
First Time ◽  
Batio3 Nanoparticles

For the first time, the BaTiO3 nano-sized particles were obtained through solid-state reaction by employing the titanium oxide nanoparticle. Meanwhile, by using TiO2 with micro-sized particles, the synthesized BaTiO3 shows the micro-sized. The XRD pattern confirms that both BaTiO3 nano-sized and micro-sized particles display the tetragonal structure. Both SEM and TEM analysis revealed that the size of the nano-sized material is in the range of 30–50 nm; in the meantime, the microsized material shows a size of 500 nm. The Eg of both BaTiO3 micro-sized and nano-sized were calculated by using the Kubelka-Munk function. The shifted bandgap of BaTiO3 nano-sized particle is nearly 0.24 eV larger than that of BaTiO3 miro-sized particle due to the particle size effect. The P-E measurement of n-BaTiO3 proved that the obtained BaTiO3 nano-sized is ferroelectric material. The result may provide a new route for the fabrication of barium titanate nanoparticle with ferroelectric properties.

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