scholarly journals Decision letter: Timing mechanism of sexually dimorphic nervous system differentiation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Timing Mechanism ◽  
System Differentiation

scholarly journals Author response: Timing mechanism of sexually dimorphic nervous system differentiation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pereira ◽  
Florian Aeschimann ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Hannah Lawson ◽  
Esther Serrano-Saiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Author Response ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Timing Mechanism ◽  
Response Timing ◽  
System Differentiation

scholarly journals Physiopathological Role of Neuroactive Steroids in the Peripheral Nervous System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9000
Author(s):  
Eva Falvo ◽  
Silvia Diviccaro ◽  
Roberto Cosimo Melcangi ◽  
Silvia Giatti
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
High Prevalence

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) refers to many conditions involving damage to the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Usually, PN causes weakness, numbness and pain and is the result of traumatic injuries, infections, metabolic problems, inherited causes, or exposure to chemicals. Despite the high prevalence of PN, available treatments are still unsatisfactory. Neuroactive steroids (i.e., steroid hormones synthesized by peripheral glands as well as steroids directly synthesized in the nervous system) represent important physiological regulators of PNS functionality. Data obtained so far and here discussed, indeed show that in several experimental models of PN the levels of neuroactive steroids are affected by the pathology and that treatment with these molecules is able to exert protective effects on several PN features, including neuropathic pain. Of note, the observations that neuroactive steroid levels are sexually dimorphic not only in physiological status but also in PN, associated with the finding that PN show sex dimorphic manifestations, may suggest the possibility of a sex specific therapy based on neuroactive steroids.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the effects of androgens acting in the central nervous system on metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Metabolic Homeostasis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

One of the most sexually dimorphic aspects of metabolic regulation is the bidirectional modulation of glucose and energy homeostasis by testosterone in males and females. Testosterone deficiency predisposes men to metabolic dysfunction, with excess adiposity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes, whereas androgen excess predisposes women to insulin resistance, adiposity, and type 2 diabetes. This review discusses how testosterone acts in the central nervous system, and especially the hypothalamus, to promote metabolic homeostasis or dysfunction in a sexually dimorphic manner. We compare the organizational actions of testosterone, which program the hypothalamic control of metabolic homeostasis during development, and the activational actions of testosterone, which affect metabolic function after puberty. We also discuss how the metabolic effect of testosterone is centrally mediated via the androgen receptor.

scholarly journals Timing mechanism of sexually dimorphic nervous system differentiation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pereira ◽  
Florian Aeschimann ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Hannah Lawson ◽  
Esther Serrano-Saiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Neuron Type ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Spatial Specificity

The molecular mechanisms that control the timing of sexual differentiation in the brain are poorly understood. We found that the timing of sexually dimorphic differentiation of postmitotic, sex-shared neurons in the nervous system of the Caenorhabditis elegans male is controlled by the temporally regulated miRNA let-7 and its target lin-41, a translational regulator. lin-41 acts through lin-29a, an isoform of a conserved Zn finger transcription factor, expressed in a subset of sex-shared neurons only in the male. Ectopic lin-29a is sufficient to impose male-specific features at earlier stages of development and in the opposite sex. The temporal, sexual and spatial specificity of lin-29a expression is controlled intersectionally through the lin-28/let-7/lin-41 heterochronic pathway, sex chromosome configuration and neuron-type-specific terminal selector transcription factors. Two Doublesex-like transcription factors represent additional sex- and neuron-type specific targets of LIN-41 and are regulated in a similar intersectional manner.

scholarly journals A Neurotransmitter Atlas of theCaenorhabditis elegansMale Nervous System Reveals Sexually Dimorphic Neurotransmitter Usage

Genetics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 1251-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Serrano-Saiz ◽  
Laura Pereira ◽  
Marie Gendrel ◽  
Ulkar Aghayeva ◽  
Abhishek Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic

scholarly journals A potent and selective C-11 labeled PET tracer for imaging sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in the CNS demonstrates sexually dimorphic expression

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (29) ◽  
pp. 7928-7939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuyi Yue ◽  
Hongjun Jin ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Adam J. Rosenberg ◽  
Robyn S. Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Pet Tracer ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic Expression ◽  
Dimorphic Expression

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) plays an essential role in regulating blood–brain barrier (BBB) function during demyelinating central nervous system (CNS) disease.

scholarly journals A cellular and regulatory map of the cholinergic nervous system of C. elegans

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pereira ◽  
Paschalis Kratsios ◽  
Esther Serrano-Saiz ◽  
Hila Sheftel ◽  
Avi E Mayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
System Maps ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cholinergic Neurotransmitter

Nervous system maps are of critical importance for understanding how nervous systems develop and function. We systematically map here all cholinergic neuron types in the male and hermaphrodite C. elegans nervous system. We find that acetylcholine (ACh) is the most broadly used neurotransmitter and we analyze its usage relative to other neurotransmitters within the context of the entire connectome and within specific network motifs embedded in the connectome. We reveal several dynamic aspects of cholinergic neurotransmitter identity, including a sexually dimorphic glutamatergic to cholinergic neurotransmitter switch in a sex-shared interneuron. An expression pattern analysis of ACh-gated anion channels furthermore suggests that ACh may also operate very broadly as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. As a first application of this comprehensive neurotransmitter map, we identify transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that control cholinergic neurotransmitter identity and cholinergic circuit assembly.

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