scholarly journals Symbiont-mediated cytoplasmic incompatibility: what have we learned in 50 years?

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Dylan Shropshire ◽  
Brittany Leigh ◽  
Seth R Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Past

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, thereby imparting a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally-transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropods worldwide. In the past two decades, CI experienced a boom in interest due to its (i) deployment in worldwide efforts to curb mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify sexual reproduction, and (iii) important impacts on arthropod speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in understanding CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from diverse subdisciplines in the life sciences.

scholarly journals Symbiont-Mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: What have we Learned in 50 Years?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dylan Shropshire ◽  
Brittany Leigh ◽  
Seth R. Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, which imparts a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropod species worldwide. In the past two decades, CI has experienced a boom in interest due in part to its (i) deployment in successful, worldwide efforts to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify animal reproductive processes, and (iii) important impacts on incipient speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in our understanding of CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from a diversity of subdisciplines in the life sciences.

scholarly journals Symbiont-mediated Cytoplasmic Incompatibility:What Have We Learned in 50 years?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dylan Shropshire ◽  
Brittany Leigh ◽  
Seth R. Bordenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Incompatibility ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Incipient Speciation ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Reproductive Processes

Cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) is the most common symbiont-induced reproductive manipulation. Specifically, symbiont-induced sperm modifications cause catastrophic mitotic defects in the fertilized embryo and ensuing lethality in crosses between symbiotic males and either aposymbiotic females or females harboring a different symbiont strain. However, if the female carries the same symbiont strain, then embryos develop properly, which imparts a relative fitness benefit to symbiont-transmitting mothers. Thus, CI drives maternally transmitted bacteria to high frequencies in arthropod species worldwide. In the past two decades, CI has experienced a boom in interest due in part to its (i) deployment in successful, worldwide efforts to reduce the spread of mosquito-borne diseases, (ii) causation by bacteriophage genes, cifA and cifB, that modify animal reproductive processes, and (iii) important impacts on incipient speciation. This review serves as a gateway to experimental, conceptual, and quantitative themes of CI and outlines significant gaps in our understanding of CI’s mechanism that are ripe for investigation from a diversity of subdisciplines in the life sciences.

LBE for Generalized Hydrodynamics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Succi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Past ◽  
Generalized Hydrodynamics ◽  
Internal Forces

This chapter presents the main techniques to incorporate the effects of external and/or internal forces within the LB formalism. This is a very important task, for it permits us to access a wide body of generalized hydrodynamic applications whereby fluid motion couples to a variety of additional physical aspects, such as gravitational and electric fields, potential energy interactions, chemical reactions and many others. It should be emphasized that while hosting a broader and richer phenomenology than “plain” hydrodynamics, generalized hydrodynamics still fits the hydrodynamic picture of weak departure from suitably generalized local equilibria. This class is all but an academic curiosity; for instance, it is central to the fast-growing science of Soft Matter, a scientific discipline which has received an impressive boost in the past decades, under the drive of micro- and nanotechnological developments and major strides in biology and life sciences at large.

scholarly journals The first 10 years of the international coordination network for standards in systems and synthetic biology (COMBINE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Waltemath ◽  
Martin Golebiewski ◽  
Michael L Blinov ◽  
Padraig Gleeson ◽  
Henning Hermjakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Stakeholder Workshop ◽  
Software Engineers ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Modeling In Biology

AbstractThis paper presents a report on outcomes of the 10th Computational Modeling in Biology Network (COMBINE) meeting that was held in Heidelberg, Germany, in July of 2019. The annual event brings together researchers, biocurators and software engineers to present recent results and discuss future work in the area of standards for systems and synthetic biology. The COMBINE initiative coordinates the development of various community standards and formats for computational models in the life sciences. Over the past 10 years, COMBINE has brought together standard communities that have further developed and harmonized their standards for better interoperability of models and data. COMBINE 2019 was co-located with a stakeholder workshop of the European EU-STANDS4PM initiative that aims at harmonized data and model standardization for in silico models in the field of personalized medicine, as well as with the FAIRDOM PALs meeting to discuss findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) data sharing. This report briefly describes the work discussed in invited and contributed talks as well as during breakout sessions. It also highlights recent advancements in data, model, and annotation standardization efforts. Finally, this report concludes with some challenges and opportunities that this community will face during the next 10 years.

Editorial

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Charles E. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Editorial Board Member ◽  
Initial Letter ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
National Library ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Citations

Microscopy and Microanalysis has made significant strides forward over the past year, and I would like to comment on two of these. First, the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) ranked this journal third among the nine microscopy journals it indexes. The ranking was in terms of ISI's Impact Factor, which tracks the number of citations to papers published in the journal. A strong Impact Factor indicates that information in the journal is of interest to other workers in the field. Second, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) has selected Microscopy and Microanalysis to be indexed in MEDLINE (PubMed), beginning with the first issue of 2003. As any biologist will tell you, this listing is essential for the electronic visibility of papers in the fast-moving world of life sciences research. I thank Editorial Board member Dave Piston for his efforts in writing the initial letter of application to the NLM.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of machine learning methods in biomedical research

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashem Koohy
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Learning Techniques

In the era of explosion in biological data, machine learning techniques are becoming more popular in life sciences, including biology and medicine. This research note examines the rise and fall of the most commonly used machine learning techniques in life sciences over the past three decades.

scholarly journals Spectra of Southern Radio Sources

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Complete Sample ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Sky Survey ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Optical Identifications ◽  
One Year

Surveys of the sky between declinations +25° and −90° at 2700 MHz (11 cm) have been in progress for the past 10 years. Excluding some regions close to the galactic plane the whole sky south of +25° has been surveyed to a flux density limit of 0.6 Jy at 2700 MHz and within this area surveys to limits of 0.35, 0.25 or 0.1 Jy have been made covering 3.5 sr. Flux densities have been measured at 5000 MHz for all sources stronger than 0.35 Jy at 2700 MHz. The source positions have an average accuracy of 10″ arc in both coordinates and the positions have been examined for optical identifications on Palomar, ESO or SRC sky survey plates, which now cover 95% of the area. The first part of this paper concerns the relationships between the spectral indices α(2700 to 5000 MHz) and the identifications of the 2300 sources with galactic latitudes greater than 10°. It is a statistically significant sample, since the sources stronger than 0.35 Jy cover 3.5 sr. It is also a representative sample, since no selection was made on the basis of spectral index or identification. It cannot however be claimed as a complete sample, for two reasons. A substantial fraction of sources found in radio surveys at high frequencies are variable - variations of up to a factor of three can occur on a time scale of a year - thus the various sections of the survey are complete only for the relevant epoch. Many of their optical counterparts are also variables - variations of up to a factor of 100 can occur on a time scale of one year. It is hoped to make some assessment of the effect of these two factors in the next two years, when second-epoch Parkes surveys will begin and SRC Schmidt plates will overlap the Palomar Sky Survey.

Graduate employment trends in the life sciences: implications for microbiology educators

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John V Smith ◽  
Danilla Grando ◽  
Nina Fotinatos
Keyword(s):  
Life Sciences ◽  
Employability Skills ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Graduate Employment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Employment Trends

Graduates in the Life Sciences, including microbiology have experienced similar employment trends to graduates in other fields over the past 30 years. Recent downward trends in graduate employment levels have raised concerns among educators and the community in general. Awareness of the diverse opportunities for graduates of microbiology is needed. For many, explicit education in ‘employability skills' is also considered to be needed to enable graduates to succeed in the competitive job market.

scholarly journals Personal View – The Evolution of Neurochemistry

Neuroforum ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Hucho
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Personal Account ◽  
Personal View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period

Abstract This esssay is a personal account of the evolution of Neurochemistry in the past century. It describes in parallel the authors way from chemistry to biochemistry and finally to Neurochemistry and the progress of a most exciting chapter of the Life Sciences. It covers the successful time period of reductionist research (by no means comprehensively), which lay the ground for the recent and future systems approach. This development promises answers to fundamental questions of our existence as human beings.

scholarly journals Inceptions of Biomathematics from Lotka to Thom

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo A. Van Den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Biology ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Mutual Interest

Mathematical biology occupies a special place at the interface between the physical, mathematical and life sciences. Is this interface merely a meeting point for dabblers venturing out of their own proper domains to work on problems of mutual interest? Or is it an incipient science in its own right, with its own particular character, principles, and practices? The past century has seen vast advances in the application of mathematical and physical ideas and techniques to biological problems, in the process transforming many of them almost beyond recognition. Nonetheless, the question of a biomathematics as a new kind of science remains open, despite several fascinating, if sometimes problematic, attempts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document