scholarly journals Remote blood collection in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L): a preliminary study

Rangifer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Wiklund ◽  
P.J. Goddard ◽  
C. Rehbinder
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Preliminary Study

Automatic blood sampling equipment (ABSE) was used successfully to collect blood samples from two reindeer. During blood sampling, two methods of restraint were applied which caused no short term changes in plasma concentrations of urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase or total protein. Plasma Cortisol concentrations were significantly elevated by the two restraint techniques. The value of ABSE in studies of stress in reindeer is discussed.

Plasma β-endorphin and cortisol concentrations in lambs after handling, transport and slaughter

1989 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Fordham ◽  
G. A. Lincoln ◽  
E. Ssewannyana ◽  
R. G. Rodway
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTThe effects of the routine stressful stimuli of handling, transport and slaughter on the plasma concentrations of cortisol and β-endorphin have been studied in lambs. Blood samples were obtained from group 1 lambs after rounding up, after transport and at slaughter. Group 2 lambs were treated similarly except that blood was collected only at slaughter. Group 3 lambs served as controls and were blood sampled twice daily for 5 days to accustom them to handling before being slaughtered. Plasma cortisol and β-endorphin concentrations were increased above control levels by rounding up and transport, and were further increased at slaughter. Group 3 lambs, however, had very much lower β-endorphin levels at slaughter than the other two groups, although their cortisol levels were similar, β-endorphin concentrations declined during the 5-day blood sampling period in group 3 animals but cortisol levels were unchanged. The results suggest that although levels of both hormones are increased by stress, they are not necessarily released concomitantly.

scholarly journals Does the Site of Blood Collection in Fish Affect Haematological and Blood Biochemical Results?

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bojarski ◽  
Magdalena Socha ◽  
Ewa Drąg-Kozak ◽  
Agnieszkaa Rombel-Bryzek ◽  
Sylwia Kapinos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Body Site ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Erythrocyte Morphology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Group I ◽  
Caudal Vein

The values of haematological and selected blood plasma biochemical parameters of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) were compared between blood samples taken from caudal vein and heart to evaluate the influence of blood sampling body site on the obtained results in two groups of fish of different blood sampling order: I – first by caudal and then by cardiac puncture, II – first by cardiac and then by caudal puncture. The obtained results revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) differences only in group I where red blood cell (RBC) count was higher in caudal vein blood, while haematocrit (Ht) value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), total protein (TP) concentration, and magnesium (Mg) level were higher in cardiac blood samples. No statistically significant differences occurred in white blood cell (WBC) count, differential leukocyte count or erythrocyte morphology based on stained blood smears. The obtained results showed that blood sampling body site may affect the results of haematological and plasma biochemical analyses.

scholarly journals Comparison of a full-spectrum multi-analyte clinical analyser with six reference instruments using canine and feline blood samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 342-350
Author(s):  
CS Lin ◽  
GH Chiang ◽  
CH Liu ◽  
HC Tsai ◽  
CC Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Total Bile Acid ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Blood Samples

In this study, we report the characterisation of a novel centrifugation and spectrum-integrated veterinary clinical analyser, the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup>, which has been developed for the multiplex measurement of biochemical, electrolyte and immunoassay parameters in a point-of-care testing environment. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytical performance of the AmiShield<sup>TM</sup> and to compare it with six reference instruments using clinical blood samples. Two hundred and four canine and 120 feline blood samples collected from veterinary teaching hospitals were analysed in parallel using the AmiShield and appropriate reference instruments. All results were evaluated separately for canine and feline specimens. The instrument’s analytical performance was evaluated initially for short- and long-term precision, bias, and observed total error using quality control material. This was followed by comparison of clinical specimens on the AmiShield analyser in parallel with the Vitros and Hitachi for biochemical parameters, VetScan and SNAPshot for total bile acids, and VetLyte and Biolyte for electrolytes. Overall, the AmiShield analyser’s performance met the standards of the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology for total allowable error for most analytes, and can be considered suitable for use in veterinary clinical practices. Using canine samples, excellent correlation coefficients (r ≧ 0.92) were identified for 14 analytes of various categories including glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid, while good correlations (0.91 ≧ r ≧ 0.80) were recorded for albumin (r = 0.91). Bland-Altman difference plots also showed agreement (greater than 95% within Limits of Agreement) for glucose, total protein, albumin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup> and total bile acid between AmiShield and the reference instruments. However, aspartate aminotransferase and phosphorus exhibited higher outliers, implying potential problems associated with matrix interferences such as lipemic samples, which warrant further study. This study demonstrates that the AmiShield compares favourably with standard reference instruments, and the new device generated data of high quality for most analytes in clinical canine and feline samples. The capability of reliably measuring multi-category analytes in one device using minute amounts (170 μl) of whole blood and short turn-around times (&lt; 15 min) underlines the high potential of the device as a good alternative in-house diagnostic application.

Cortisol and β-endorphin responses to physical and psychological stressors in lambs

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Mears ◽  
F. A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
Potential Use

Plasma cortisol, β-endorphin, T3 and T4 were determined in lambs before, during and after exposure to stress in order to evaluate the potential use of these hormones to objectively measure stress responses. Lambs were exposed to tail-docking, castration, weaning, isolation, and restraint stress. Twelve ewe and 24 ram lambs were assigned to the experiment, with 12 of the ram lambs surgically castrated when 3-wk old. Tail docking within 24 h of birth did not (P > 0.05) elevate either plasma cortisol or β-endorphin. Castration markedly elevated (P < 0.001) plasma cortisol and β-endorphin within 15 min of surgery. Both hormones were highly elevated for the first 4 h. Plasma cortisol returned to control levels by 24 h whereas β-endorphin was still elevated (P < 0.05) 24 h after castration. Plasma cortisol levels were elevated for the first 60 min following weaning (P < 0.005) and again at 24 h after dam removal (P < 0.001). Plasma β-endorphin was not elevated (P > 0.05) any time during the 72 h following weaning. Plasma cortisol (P < 0.001) and β-endorphin (P < 0.05) were elevated during the first 60 min following the start of 1 h of isolation. Results were similar for partial and total isolation. No effects of isolation were found for the next 23 h. Plasma cortisol (P < 0.005) was elevated during the first 30 min following 4 min of shearing-like restraint, whereas plasma β-endorphin was elevated only at 7 min (P < 0.05) after restraint began. No further effects of restraint were found prior to termination of sample collection at 24 h. None of the stressors employed affected plasma concentrations of T3 and T4. This study has shown that measurements of plasma cortisol and β-endorphin in blood samples obtained before, during and after stress are useful in assessing stress in lambs. The painful stressor, castration, induced marked and prolonged elevations of both hormones, whereas psychological stressors elicited graded, short-term cortisol responses and limited β-endorphin responses. Key words: Cortisol, β-endorphin, physical stress, psychological stress, lambs

scholarly journals Intracerebroventricular administration of the prolactin (PRL) receptor antagonist, S179D PRL, disrupts parturition in rats

Reproduction ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
B C Nephew ◽  
J Amico ◽  
H M Cai ◽  
A M Walker ◽  
R S Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Nulliparous Female ◽  
Plasma Prl

The prolactin (PRL) receptor antagonist S179D PRL delays the onset of maternal behavior in steroid-primed nulliparous female rats. The present study investigated the role of the neural PRL system in the process of parturition. A preliminary study indicated that S179D PRL treatments administered by ALZET minipump to the lateral ventricle severely disrupted parturition. To examine the likely causes of this disruption, a group of timed-pregnant catheterized rats was continuously infused with S-179D PRL (0.001 and 0.1 ng/h) or vehicle control to the lateral ventricles for 3 days (gestation days 21–23), and serial blood samples were taken throughout this period. Effects of the treatments on parturition were recorded, and blood samples were assayed for PRL, progesterone, and oxytocin. Significantly fewer S179D PRL-treated rats successfully delivered by 1500 h on day 23 of gestation when compared with controls. The higher dose of S179D PRL also significantly suppressed the prepartum rise in PRL throughout the prepartum period, while the lower dose only affected plasma PRL during the first 24 h of treatment. No significant effects of the antagonist on plasma progesterone or oxytocin were detected. We conclude that disruption of parturition by S179D PRL is not caused by significant alterations in the plasma concentrations of progesterone or oxytocin. S179D PRL may indirectly act on parturition through the modulation of prepartum PRL. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized role for PRL in the regulation of parturition.

scholarly journals Developing a Nationwide Infrastructure for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Targeted Oral Anticancer Drugs: The ON-TARGET Study Protocol

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Anna Mc Laughlin ◽  
Eduard Schmulenson ◽  
Olga Teplytska ◽  
Sebastian Zimmermann ◽  
Patrick Opitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Drug Monitoring ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Study Phase ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Drug Concentrations

Exposure-efficacy and/or exposure-toxicity relationships have been identified for up to 80% of oral anticancer drugs (OADs). Usually, OADs are administered at fixed doses despite their high interindividual pharmacokinetic variability resulting in large differences in drug exposure. Consequently, a substantial proportion of patients receive a suboptimal dose. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM), i.e., dosing based on measured drug concentrations, may be used to improve treatment outcomes. The prospective, multicenter, non-interventional ON-TARGET study (DRKS00025325) aims to investigate the potential of routine TDM to reduce adverse drug reactions in renal cell carcinoma patients receiving axitinib or cabozantinib. Furthermore, the feasibility of using volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), a minimally invasive and easy to handle blood sampling technique, for sample collection is examined. During routine visits, blood samples are collected and sent to bioanalytical laboratories. Venous and VAMS blood samples are collected in the first study phase to facilitate home-based capillary blood sampling in the second study phase. Within one week, the drug plasma concentrations are measured, interpreted, and reported back to the physician. Patients report their drug intake and toxicity using PRO-CTCAE-based questionnaires in dedicated diaries. Ultimately, the ON-TARGET study aims to develop a nationwide infrastructure for TDM for oral anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals An Appraisal of the “Vacutainer” System for Blood Collection

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ames ◽  
E. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Syringe Needle ◽  
Evacuated Tubes ◽  
Blood Specimens

The conventional syringe/needle/container system for the collection and handling of blood samples is compared with the Vacutainer system using evacuated tubes. The relative advantages and disadvantages of both systems are evaluated. The Vacutainer system is quicker and simpler to use, with greater versatility, producing blood specimens of higher quality and at a cost comparable with that by the syringe system. The problems of blood contamination during blood sampling and distribution with both systems are discussed.

Cortisol, progesterone and β-endorphin response to stress in calves

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cooper ◽  
A. C. O. Evans ◽  
S. Cook ◽  
N. C. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Assessment Of Stress

In evaluating stress in farm animals, it would be useful to know whether there were consistent endocrine responses that could be followed. Adrenal cortisol secretion is quite variable, but β-endorphin secretion and adrenal progesterone production may be useful indicators of stress. Changes in plasma concentrations of cortisol, β-endorphin and progesterone were studied in spring-born, castrated male calves (steers) (6 mo of age ± 18 d, 516 ± 26 kg, n = 12) subjected to the stress of routine dehorning. Steers were isolated from their dams for 2 h before headgate restraint (control) or restraint and dehorning. They were bled 60 and 10 min prior to headgate restraint or restraint and dehorning. Blood samples were also collected immediately after headgate restraint or restraint and dehorning (time 0) and 5, 10, 30 and 60 min later. All blood samples were taken from a jugular catheter, and the blood sampling that was done out of the headgate involved minimal manual restraint. Plasma β-endorphin concentrations were similar in control steers and dehorned steers (P > 0.05) and decreased significantly following restraint or restraint and dehorning (P < 0.05). Plasma cortisol concentrations rose significantly 5 min after dehorning and were elevated for 60 min; but with restraint only, plasma cortisol concentrations rose to a peak 5 min after release from chute restraint and then declined (P < 0.05). Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater in dehorned steers than in control steers in the period from 10 min after dehorning or headgate restraint to 60 min after headgate restraint (P < 0.0043). Plasma progesterone concentrations rose to a peak 10 min after dehorning and then declined, but in control steers, a peak was seen at 5 min after release from restraint (P < 0.05). Plasma progesterone concentrations were greater in dehorned steers between 5 and 60 min after dehorning than in control steers (P < 0.05). From these data, we concluded that in prepubertal, castrated male calves, β-endorphin was not released in any significant quantities in response to the stress of dehorning. In steers, adrenal cortisol and progesterone were secreted in response to acute stress, and a ratio of the two may provide a useful assessment of stress; this requires further study. Key words: Cortisol, progesterone, β-endorphin, stress, calves

scholarly journals The Effect of Blood Sampling on Plasma Cortisol in Female Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L)

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-587
Author(s):  
J.E. Sire ◽  
A. Blom ◽  
Ø.V. Sjaastad ◽  
E. Ropstad ◽  
T.A. Bergdahl Nilsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus

scholarly journals Pilot Study of the Relationship between Deck Level and Journey Duration on Plasma Cortisol, Epinephrine and Norepinephrine Levels in Italian Heavy Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1578
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Bozzo ◽  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Elisabetta Bonerba ◽  
Roberta Barrasso ◽  
Vincenzo Tufarelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Council Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the relationship between journey duration, deck level and activation patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and sympathetic adrenal medullary system (SAM) in pigs. A total of 90 pigs were examined. The animals came from three different Italian farms associated with the same slaughterhouse located in Bari (Apulia region-Italy). A group of thirty animals was transported from Pordenone (11 h journey); a second group was transported from Terni (6.5 h journey); a third group was transported from Benevento (3 h journey). The animals were transported in the same vehicle, which complied with the structural characteristics indicated in the Council Regulation (EC) No. 1/2005. The truck was composed of a lorry and a trailer, each one divided into three decks. Only the animals transported in the trailer were tested for the study. Before transportation, blood samples were collected on each farm, at 6:00 a.m., from 30 pigs randomly selected out of 135 pigs ready to be transported. Blood samples were also collected during slaughter to evaluate plasma cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine, around 6:00 a.m. A journey duration of 11 h was associated with significantly higher plasma concentrations of stress hormones compared with shorter journeys. This increase was proportional to the journey duration, with the pigs travelling for 6.5 h displaying intermediate concentrations between those noticed after 3 h and 11 h journeys. The interaction between deck and journey distance was not significant on epinephrine, norepinephrine or cortisol levels collected at arrival. There was a significant effect of deck level on norepinephrine levels (p < 0.0001), a tendency to influence epinephrine levels (p = 0.073) but no effect on cortisol levels (p = 0.945). Overall, we observed that an 11 h-long journey seemed to impact negatively on pigs’ HPA-SAM activity, likely requiring the animals to spend more time in the lairage facilities to recover.

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