scholarly journals The socionatural 18th century: Connecting culture and climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Collet
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Keynote Lecture ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Recorded Lecture ◽  
Environmental Histories ◽  
Culture And Climate

Keynote lecture at the conference "Nature and the Natural in the Eighteenth Century" organized by the Norwegian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 4 February 2021. RECORDED LECTURE: https://septentrio.uit.no/media/Collet_zoom_0.mp4 The lecture is in English. Abstract (in German): Der zweite Keynote ist Dominik Collet. Er ist Klima- und Umwelthistoriker und hat zu mehreren Gesellschaftsaspekten des 18. Jahrhunderts sowie zum Verhältnis von Naturresourcen, Wetterverhältnissen, Kulturpflanzen, öffentlicher Gesundheit und Bevölkerungsentwicklung geforscht. Professor Collet ist Mitglied der Oslo School of Environmental Histories an der Universität Oslo. In seinem letzten Buch über eine bisher wenig beachtete Hungersnot, die Anfang der 1770er Jahre grosse Teile Europas traf, analysiert er die Auswirkungen von drei Jahren mit Ernteausfall auf die sozialen Verhältnisse in verschiedenen Regionen, darunter Skandinavien. Collet bewegt sich dabei von metereologischen Daten, Dendrochronologie und Bevölkerungsstatistik über kulturelle Ausdrucksformen in Kunst und Kultur zu Philosophie und politischer Entwicklung. Abstract (in Norwegian): Dominik Collet er en klima- og miljøhistoriker som har forsket på en rekke aspekter ved 1700-tallets samfunn og på samspillet mellom naturressurser, værforhold, avlinger, folkehelse og befolkningsutvikling. Professor Collet er et sentralt medlem av Oslo School of Environmental Histories ved UiO. I sin seneste bok, om en lite påaktet sultkatastrofe som rammet store deler av Europa på begynnelsen av 1770-tallet, analyserer han effekten tre påfølgende år med svikt i avlinger fikk på sosiale forhold i en rekke regioner, inkludert Skandinavia. Collet beveger seg i sin forskning fra meteorologiske data, dendrokronologi og befolkningsstatistikk via kulturelle uttrykk i kunst- og kulturfeltet, og over til filosofisk tenkning og politikkutvikling. Collets foredrag har tittelen «The socionatural 18th century: Connecting climate and culture».

scholarly journals Linnaean natural history: An eighteenth-century ecology of knowledges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Andersson Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Keynote Lecture ◽  
English Abstract ◽  
Recorded Lecture

Keynote lecture at the conference "Nature and the Natural in the Eighteenth Century" organized by the Norwegian Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 3 February 2021. RECORDED LECTURE: https://septentrio.uit.no/media/AnderssonBurnett_0.mp4 The lecture is in English. Abstract (in Norwegian): Linda Andersson Burnett leder et større forskningsprosjekt som tar for seg Carl von Linnés nettverk av korrespondenter og innsamlere som et eksempel på citizen science, eller «folkeforskning». Linné reiste selv omkring i riket og samlet observasjoner og artseksemplarer, mest berømt er hans Lappländska resa i 1732. Men som professor og anerkjent botaniker ble han mer og mer avhengig av bidrag fra samlere. Dels var det studenter, «linnélärjungar», som reiste rundt i hele verden. Dels var det lekfolk, lokale kontaktpersoner rundt omkring i det svenske riket. Hvem var disse lekfolkene, og hva var det slags natursyn som lå til grunn for deres samleraktivitet? Og ikke minst: Hvordan forholdt de seg til naturfolket lengst nord i det svenske riket, samene? Dette er spørsmål som Andersson Burnett vil belyse i sitt foredrag, «Linnaean natural history: An eighteenth-century ecology of knowledge».

The gender politics of ‘bluestocking philosophy’

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ann Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Public Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Voice

This chapter discusses the gender politics of ‘bluestocking philosophy’. The idea of a single, unified conceptualization of what constituted a bluestocking and what was understood as a bluestocking philosophy is somewhat misleading, as the idea of a single voice emerging from this group is almost a contradiction in terms. What can be identified is who made up the bluestocking circles and what they aspired to be and to do. Elizabeth Montagu was a central figure in the development of bluestocking circles and, along with Elizabeth Vesey and Frances Boscawen, helped to forge a public identity for women public intellectuals through Montagu's own scholarship as well as her support for other women writers. The early bluestocking circles were not established as a vehicle for promoting equity or women's rights, or even rights of citizenship. However, they played an important role in the second half of the 18th century in entrenching cultural and social transformation into the social system. In addition, they ‘played a crucial role in a widening and defining of women's social roles in the eighteenth century’.

Budzhak Population: an experience of a fugitive review of 18th-century observations

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Nicolai Russev ◽  
◽  
Fedor Markov
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Social Crisis ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
South Eastern Europe

Budzhak (in modern Moldova and Ukraine) is the western part of the Eurasian steppe, the natural character of which had determined the ways of the local life for centuries. The Ottoman and the Russian Empires had clashed here in the eighteenth century, on the eve of the European Enlightenment. This fight was to determine further prospects for development, while many contemporaries and eyewitnesses tried to guess any signs of these prospects. A profound social crisis in south-eastern Europe contributed to political and ethnic and confessional changes and was changing the natural landscape. The Turkic Muslim population had to leave these lands under the growing pressure of these changes, and the new population was predominantly Christian. Now the Christians determined the way of life in Budzhak, even its flora and fauna.

Continuity and Intuition in Eighteenth-Century Analysis and in Kant

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Analysis ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Interesting Account ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the status of geometrical and kinematic representations in the foundations of 18th century analysis and in Kant’s understanding of those foundations. It has two aims. First, relying on relatively recent reassessments of the history of analysis, it will attempt to bring forward a more accurate account of intuitive representation in 18th century analysis and the relation between British and Continental mathematics. Second, it will give a better account of Kant’s place in that history. The result shows that although Kant did no better at navigating the labyrinth of the continuum than his contemporaries, he had a more interesting and reasonable account of the foundations of analysis than an easy reading of either Kant or that history provides. It also permits a more accurate and interesting account of how and when a conception of foundations of analysis without intuitive representations emerged, and how that paved the way for Bolzano and Cauchy.

The Chapter on Rasāyana (Medications for Rejuvenation) in Miʿrāj al-duʿāʾ, a Shiʿite Text from the 12th/18th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 144-183
Author(s):  
Y. Tzvi Langermann
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Loan Words

Miʿrāj al-duʿāʾ wa-mirʾāt al-dawāʾ (“The Ascent of Prayer and the Mirror of Medication”) by Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Qazwīnī, a Shiʿite presumably working in eastern Iraq in the eighteenth century, gathers information on methods for rejuvenation and longevity from different traditions: traditional Islamic (mainly Shiʿite), Greek, and Indian. The last of these are a set of recipes for rasayanas, herbal and chemical recipes drawn from Indian sources. Though some rasayanas are mentioned in earlier Arabic treatises, the collection displayed in Miʿrāj al-duʿāʾ is by far the most extensive. Hardly any are mentioned in earlier Arabic texts. Miʿrāj al-duʿāʾ, then, contributes an important chapter to the ongoing interchange between India and the eastern Islamic world. Unlike the majority of treatises which deal with India, it is written in Arabic rather than Persian, though not a few loan words are employed. I present here an edition, translation, and analysis of the relevant chapter.

Saving the World: Chen Hongmou and Elite Consciousness in Eighteenth-Century China. By William T. Rowe. [Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. xii+601 pp. £40.00, $60.00. ISBN 0-8047-3735-5.]

2002 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 1065-1103
Author(s):  
Peter C. Perdue
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
The World

The name Chen Hongmou (1696–1771) rings few bells today. Yet he was probably the most influential official of his time. A tough, honest, active man, not exactly a likable person, he was someone deeply dedicated to improving the people's welfare. In short, a model Qing official. In this blockbuster of a book, William T. Rowe uses Chen's life to examine the culture of the 18th-century bureaucracy, encompassing nearly all the classic problems of Chinese society, past and present.

Marble Busts and Fish Fossils

Nuncius ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-483
Author(s):  
Elena Canadelli
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Natural History Collection ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
University Of Padua ◽  
The University

The historical catalogs of the museum collections contain a wealth of information for historians seeking to reconstruct their contents, how they were displayed and the ways in which they were used. This paper will present the complete transcription of a draft catalog that was prepared in 1797 for the Museum of Natural History and Antiquities of the University of Padua. Conserved in the university’s Museum of Geology and Paleontology, the catalog was the first to be compiled of the museum, which was established in 1733 thanks to the donation by Antonio Vallisneri Jr. of his father Antonio Vallisneri Sr.’s collection of antiquities and natural history. The catalog was compiled by the custodian of the museum, the herbalist and amateur naturalist Bartolomeo Fabris. It is of great interest because it provides a record of the number and nature of the pieces conserved in the museum at a time when natural history and archeology collections were still undivided. It also provides indications as to how such collections were arranged for display in the public halls of a university at the end of the eighteenth century. Based on this catalog, with additional information drawn from other manuscript and published sources and museum catalogs from the 1830s conserved in various institutes at the University of Padua, it is possible to reconstruct the contents and layout of a significant late 18th-century natural history collection.

Rainforest villages, eighteenth-century history

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 792-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Price
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Memory Devices ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Settlements

Based on long term ethnographic work with the Saamaka, and with the benefit of hindsight, this paper unpacks the specific ways in which the descendants of these Suriname Maroons have constructed and transmitted the historical knowledge of their 18th-century ancestors, who escaped slave plantations and confronted the colonial powers from their new settlements in the depth of the forest. In the process, they created an original memory of these historical events— First-Time or Fesiten knowledge—and managed to keep it alive. The article explores the specific ontology, frames and idioms of this historical knowledge, as well as its ideological role, the (dis)connections to hegemonic colonial memory devices, its evolution in time, the ways of transmission, and the memory specialists that have kept and circulated it.

Rabbis with Inky Fingers : Making An Eighteenth-Century Hebrew Book Between North Africa and Amsterdam

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-187
Author(s):  
Noam Sienna
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Jewish Communities ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Manuscript Copy

Abstract The first edition of Sefer Hatashbe, a collection of responsa printed in Amsterdam in 1739 at the press of Naftali Herz Levi Rofé, is a magnificent example of the fine typography and engraving that contributed to the prominence of 18th-century Dutch Jewish printing. Through an examination of the newly identified manuscript copy which was used in the printing house to typeset this book, I trace the story of the printing of Sefer Hatashbe through the efforts of Meir Crescas of Algiers, and his collaboration with Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Maghrebi, and Italian Jewish communities. I demonstrate how the material facets of book production both relied on and reinforced the various networks ‐ intellectual, financial, religious, communal, familial, social ‐ that linked Jewish communities around the Mediterranean Basin and beyond, across class, nationality, and language.

La herencia clásica en el urbanismo americano del siglo XVIII, entre la tradición y la novedad

2019 ◽  
pp. 395-430
Author(s):  
Jesús Paniagua Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Classical Tradition ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Sobre Todo

RESUMENEl siglo XVIII significó un regreso a la tradición clásica, incluso en los aspectos urbanísticos. Sin embargo, el tradicional plano hipodámico ya se había aplicado desde los inicios de la presencia española, muchas veces por razones prácticas. En consecuencia, el urbanismo del siglo XVIII se planteó sobre todo en cuestiones más profundas, teniendo en cuenta asuntos como las concentraciones humanas, defensa, higiene, seguridad, ocio, etc., fundamentadas en la tradición clásica. Un aspecto interesante es el planteamiento utópico que tendrá su especial reflejo en la planificación de Riobamba por Bernardo Darquea, con un proyecto que pudo fundamentarse en las antiguas teorías de Vitruvio.PALABRAS CLAVEUrbanismo, Hispanoamérica, Herencia clásica, Siglo XVIII. TITLEThe classical inheritance in american urbanism of the Eighteenth century, between tradition and innovationABSTRACTThe 18th century supposed a return to the classical tradition, even in the urban aspects. Nevertheless, the traditional hipodamic plan had already been applied since the beginning of the Spanish presence, often for practical motives. Consequently, the urbanism of the eighteenth century was raised above all in deeper issues, considering aspects of human concentrations, defense, hygiene, safety, leisure, etc., based on the classical tradition. An interesting aspect is the utopian approach, which would have its special reflection in the planning of Riobamba by Bernardo Darquea, with a plan that goes back to the urban convention of Vitruvius.KEY WORDSUrbanism, Spanish America, Classical Heritage, 18th century.

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