scholarly journals Educating PhD students for knowledge-driven society

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozika Dolenc ◽  
Oliver Renn ◽  
Leo Betschart ◽  
Joachim Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Critical Choice ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Course Features ◽  
Extensive List

Universities educate students for working in knowledge-driven societies. Whereas subject-related knowledge is part of every curriculum, institutions of higher education fail to teach systematically how to utilize and benefit from today’s variety of digital tools. Students and researchers are mostly unaware of what they lack to work more effectively and efficiently and to benefit from existing knowledge. Since this lack of awareness is not obvious to students and researchers (unknown unknowns; you cannot miss something that you do not know), it is difficult to convince them that there is a gap that needs to be filled. In 2014, we decided to tackle this problem by creating and developing the course “Scientific Information Retrieval & Management in Life Sciences and Chemistry”. The unique 2 ECTS course features a multi-level approach to obtain and employ scientific information and to get students information savvy. On one hand, the course demonstrates the bigger picture: We discuss the aspects of scientific writing and publishing, critical choice of data sources, patents, visualisation and design, text mining and data pipelining, knowledge generation, outreach and impact of publications. On the other hand, we highlight an extensive list of field-proven tools that can assist researchers in their daily activities. We also wanted to foster a lasting impact on how students utilize databases, tools, software,and web services. Thus, at the end of the course students have to write an essay describing their current information workflow or their (un)met information needs. These essays confirm and explain how the students changed their information use, and which parts of the course they may have not understood. Moreover, essays that describe unmet information needs allow us to explore possible solutions and to work with our vendors. In our talk, we will share the concept for the course and report on our experiences.

scholarly journals Educating PhD students for knowledge-driven society

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Renn ◽  
Jozica Dolenc ◽  
Leo Betschart ◽  
Joachim Schnabl
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Critical Choice ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Course Features ◽  
Extensive List

Universities educate students for working in knowledge-driven societies. Whereas subject-related knowledge is part of every curriculum, institutions of higher education fail to teach systematically how to utilize and benefit from today’s variety of digital tools. Students and researchers are mostly unaware of what they lack to work more effectively and efficiently and to benefit from existing knowledge. Since this lack of awareness is not obvious to students and researchers (unknown unknowns; you cannot miss something that you do not know), it is difficult to convince them that there is a gap that needs to be filled.  In 2014, we decided to tackle this problem by creating and developing the course “Scientific Information Retrieval & Management in Life Sciences and Chemistry”. The unique 2 ECTS course features a multi-level approach to obtain and employ scientific information and to get students information savvy. On one hand, the course demonstrates the bigger picture: We discuss the aspects of scientific writing and publishing, critical choice of data sources, patents, visualisation and design, text mining and data pipelining, knowledge generation, outreach and impact of publications. On the other hand, we highlight an extensive list of field-proven tools that can assist researchers in their daily activities.  We also wanted to foster a lasting impact on how students utilize databases, tools, software, and web services. Thus, at the end of the course students have to write an essay describing their current information workflow or their (un)met information needs. These essays confirm and explain how the students changed their information use, and which parts of the course they may have not understood. Moreover, essays that describe unmet information needs allow us to explore possible solutions and to work with our vendors. In our talk, we will share the concept for the course and report on our experiences. 

Farmacogenetische tests in de Belgische zorg: (hoe) beginnen we eraan?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DE PAUW ◽  
W. MARTINET ◽  
D. THEUNS ◽  
K. VANDEVEN ◽  
H. DE LOOF
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Testing ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Current List ◽  
A Current

Pharmacogenetic tests in Belgian care: (how) do we get started? Personalized medicine attempts to take all the information about an individual into account, and this also includes characteristics that differ from the presumed ‘average patient’. This approach includes pharmacogenetics, where the influence of genetic variation in various biomolecules on drug response is studied. By performing preemptive pharmacogenetic testing, drug therapies can be optimized, and serious side effects can be avoided. In order to implement pharmacogenetic testing in practice, some hurdles still need to be overcome. For example, scientific information needs to be translated into practical clinical guidelines that are applicable in the local context and reimbursement issues also need to be resolved. In this paper, a current list of gene-drug interactions is presented that could be prioritized during the implementation process in Belgium. The list only contains clinically relevant interactions for which there is sufficient scientific evidence. In addition, a tool is described that takes into account the drug consumption in a specific healthcare environment, to prioritize the most interesting gene-drug interactions. International implementation initiatives show that the obstacles are surmountable. It is therefore time to start a dialogue on accelerating the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in Belgium. We hope that this prioritized list, together with a discussion of some hurdles that need to be overcome, can inform this debate.

ANALISIS LITERASI INFORMASI PADA KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KRITIS DAN ILMIAH MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA UHKBPNP

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-347
Author(s):  
Monalisa Frince S
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Literacy Ability ◽  
Information Characteristics ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

This study aims to describe the information literacy ability of Indonesian language education students at the University of HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar on the subject of critical and scientific writing skills. This study analyzes the information literacy ability using the Seven Pillars Model created by the Standing Conferences of National and University Libraries (SCONUL) which consists of: (1) Identify (understand information needs, (2) Scope (determine the type of information, characteristics, challenges), (3) Plan (determine the search strategy), (4) Gather (do a search, access information), (5) Evaluate (Relevance, accuracy, comparison, (6) Manage (manage information, quote, compile a bibliography, know ethics using information , and (7) present (compile information products in the right form and present) .This type of research uses descriptive research.The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. The data collection techniques in this study are interviews and observation.Keywords: writing, critical and scientific, information literacy

Language Centers in the Age of Ubiquitous Technology and Eclectic Methodology

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Paul Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Second Language Education ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
And Function

This study was conducted in order to better understand how, if at all, language centers (LCs) are relevant in current technological and methodological contexts of second language education. Five language centers housed by four different institutions of higher education in the western United States were examined. Two representatives from each of the five centers were interviewed either in-person or over the phone (N = 10). Data was collected in the form of semi-structured interviews and on-site visits. The data was analyzed using a flexible combination of multi-level qualitative coding, descriptive statistics, and narrative analysis. This study confirms recent findings that have shown LCs to be a highly diverse group of institutions, particularly with respect to form and function. With respect to relevance, a common framework for discussing different language centers is outlined in the form of three paradigms: center/department, center/institution, and center/community.

Multi-Resolution Modeling of High Speed Railway Infrastructure for Train Operation Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 560-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Xue Sheng Ji ◽  
Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Logic Function ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Railway Signal ◽  
Train Operation ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels

This paper analyzes the railway infrastructure simulation demands in train operation and organization at different levels. It takes the rail road network topology model and the railway signal system model as the core to build a multi-resolution-based simulation model architecture of the railway infrastructure. According to different information needs of railway infrastructure simulation model, it proposes a Hierarchical model achieving logic function of signaling system, and studies the signal system’s multi-resolution simulation methods through multi-level logic block configuration. According to the space information requirement of different simulation levels, the paper builds a multi-resolution rail road network mode.

scholarly journals Formation of a united information space of a research library

Bibliosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Gerasimenko
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Information Space ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
First Time

Over the past decade, the issue of uncontrolled growth of unsystematic information in Internet has remained acute for the scientific community. The problem of finding relevant information related to the distribution and autonomy of scientific information resources remains. A priority in the field of centralized access to the key scientifically significant sources of information is the creation of a united information space (UIS). The study aims to identify the main models to form systems integrating distributed information resources, and as a result to determine the structure of UIS formation in a research library. Two models were considered and analyzed in the study: a meta-aggregator and an integrated electronic library. During the analysis, elements, structure and a set of functions for users and employees of a research library are revealed for each model. The study allowed the drawing of the following conclusions:• The choice of a model for the UIS formation depends mostly on the formulation of tasks, the solution of which is the purpose of creating a system, as well as on the technological potential of the organizations involved in the process.•Multifunctionality of the system allows simultaneous use of the above-mentioned formation models.• Adding the element of interactivity to the structure of UIS of the research library will allow timely monitoring of changes in the information needs of scientists, reduction of time, labor and financial costs of both the library and a user. The article presents the criteria for choosing a model. For the first time the optimal effective structure of the UIS in the research library is described.

scholarly journals LitCovid: an open database of COVID-19 literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (D1) ◽  
pp. D1534-D1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyu Chen ◽  
Alexis Allot ◽  
Zhiyong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Information Overload ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
Text And Data Mining

Abstract Since the outbreak of the current pandemic in 2020, there has been a rapid growth of published articles on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2, with about 10 000 new articles added each month. This is causing an increasingly serious information overload, making it difficult for scientists, healthcare professionals and the general public to remain up to date on the latest SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 research. Hence, we developed LitCovid (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/), a curated literature hub, to track up-to-date scientific information in PubMed. LitCovid is updated daily with newly identified relevant articles organized into curated categories. To support manual curation, advanced machine-learning and deep-learning algorithms have been developed, evaluated and integrated into the curation workflow. To the best of our knowledge, LitCovid is the first-of-its-kind COVID-19-specific literature resource, with all of its collected articles and curated data freely available. Since its release, LitCovid has been widely used, with millions of accesses by users worldwide for various information needs, such as evidence synthesis, drug discovery and text and data mining, among others.

A Linguistic Multi-level Weighted Query Language to Represent User Information Needs

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Herrera-Viedma ◽  
Antonio G. Lopez-Herrera ◽  
Sergio Alonso ◽  
Carlos Porcel ◽  
Francisco J. Cabrerizo
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Query Language ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals An integrated model highlighting information literacy and knowledge formation in information behaviour

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-334
Author(s):  
Samuel Kelechukwu Ibenne ◽  
Boyka Simeonova ◽  
Janet Harrison ◽  
Mark Hepworth
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Model ◽  
Information Behaviour ◽  
Knowledge Formation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Literature Base

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review key models of people’s information behaviour (IB) exploring the integration of the concepts of information literacy (IL) and knowledge in their designs. Scholarly perspectives portray IL as providing individuals with capacity for good information practices that result in generating new knowledge. It is surprising that this important perspective is not reflected in the reviewed IB models. This paper contributes to the literature base by proposing a new model highlighting IL and knowledge as important concepts within the IB discourse. Design/methodology/approach A discourse of the integration of IL and knowledge, which are integral factors, associated with IB, in selected IB models. Findings Identifying a need for information and understanding its context is an IL attribute. IL underpins IB in providing awareness of information sources; how to search and use information appropriately for solving information needs and leveraging generated new knowledge. The generation of new knowledge results from using information, in a process that combines with sense-making and adaption. Correspondingly, the knowledge that develops, increases capability for sense-making and adaptation of information to suit various contexts of need, iteratively. Originality/value A new model of IB; the causative and outcome factors of information behaviour (COFIB) is proposed. COFIB stresses that IL and knowledge are prominent factors within the general framework of people’s IB. The model emphasises knowledge generation as the outcome of IB, applied in solving problems within specific contexts.

scholarly journals Benefits and Limitations of Using Decision-Analytic Tools to Assess Uncertainty and Prioritize Landscape Conservation Cooperative Information Needs

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Post van der Burg ◽  
Catherine Cullinane Thomas ◽  
Tracy Holcombe ◽  
Richard D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Landscape Conservation ◽  
Decision Context ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Funding Research

Abstract The Landscape Conservation Cooperatives (LCCs) are a network of partnerships throughout North America that are tasked with integrating science and management to support more effective delivery of conservation at a landscape scale. To achieve this integration, some LCCs have adopted the approach of providing their partners with better scientific information in an effort to facilitate more efficient and coordinated conservation decisions. Taking this approach has led many LCCs to begin funding research to provide the information for improved decision making. To ensure that funding goes to research projects with the highest likelihood of leading to more integrated broad-scale conservation, some LCCs have also developed approaches for prioritizing which information needs will be of most benefit to their partnerships. We describe two case studies in which decision-analytic tools were used to quantitatively assess the relative importance of information for decisions made by partners in the Plains and Prairie Potholes LCC. The results of the case studies point toward a few valuable lessons in terms of using these tools with LCCs. Decision-analytic tools tend to help shift focus away from research-oriented discussions and toward discussions about how information is used in making better decisions. However, many technical experts do not have enough knowledge about decision-making contexts to fully inform the latter type of discussion. When assessed in the right decision context, however, decision analyses can point out where uncertainties actually affect optimal decisions and where they do not. This helps technical experts understand that not all research is valuable in improving decision making. Perhaps most important, our results suggest that decision-analytic tools may be more useful for LCCs as a way of developing integrated objectives for coordinating partner decisions across the landscape, rather than simply ranking research priorities.

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