Farmacogenetische tests in de Belgische zorg: (hoe) beginnen we eraan?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DE PAUW ◽  
W. MARTINET ◽  
D. THEUNS ◽  
K. VANDEVEN ◽  
H. DE LOOF
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Pharmacogenetic Testing ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Current List ◽  
A Current

Pharmacogenetic tests in Belgian care: (how) do we get started? Personalized medicine attempts to take all the information about an individual into account, and this also includes characteristics that differ from the presumed ‘average patient’. This approach includes pharmacogenetics, where the influence of genetic variation in various biomolecules on drug response is studied. By performing preemptive pharmacogenetic testing, drug therapies can be optimized, and serious side effects can be avoided. In order to implement pharmacogenetic testing in practice, some hurdles still need to be overcome. For example, scientific information needs to be translated into practical clinical guidelines that are applicable in the local context and reimbursement issues also need to be resolved. In this paper, a current list of gene-drug interactions is presented that could be prioritized during the implementation process in Belgium. The list only contains clinically relevant interactions for which there is sufficient scientific evidence. In addition, a tool is described that takes into account the drug consumption in a specific healthcare environment, to prioritize the most interesting gene-drug interactions. International implementation initiatives show that the obstacles are surmountable. It is therefore time to start a dialogue on accelerating the implementation of pharmacogenetic testing in Belgium. We hope that this prioritized list, together with a discussion of some hurdles that need to be overcome, can inform this debate.

Mental models, communication, and engagement in marine projects

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 2034-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Boschetti ◽  
Matthew Andreotta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
Causal Layered Analysis ◽  
Common Framework ◽  
Complex Decision Making

Abstract In a hypothetical decision-making situation in which a unique truth exists and each party’s aim in acquiring knowledge is to approach the truth, argumentation would be unnecessary because the best scientific theory would win the argument. Likewise, if truth is irrelevant and a perfect persuasion method is available, argumentation would also be pointless, because arguing parties, each possessing the perfect recipe, would lead a third party to switch sides endlessly. In the real world, argumentation matters because a unique truth rarely exists, information can be uncertain or vague, aims are often ambiguous if not contradictory, and acquiring knowledge can have other purposes besides approaching the truth. Marine scientists are increasingly expected to contribute to complex decision-making by providing not only scientific evidence, but also impact in the form of effective communication and persuasion. Here we review insights from different disciplines on how humans organise knowledge, beliefs, opinions, assumptions and worldviews, how these interrelate and how they affect decision-making as well as the reception of information. By focussing on the theory of mental models and the Causal Layered Analysis we also show how the structure underlying the organisation of scientific and non-scientific knowledge can be reduced to a fairly common framework. We conclude by reviewing some tools a marine scientist can employ in a stakeholder engagement process in order to better understand the audience to which scientific information needs to be delivered.

480 INFORMATION OVERKILL: IF THE WALLS ACROSS HOSPITALS WARDS COULD TALK

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii8-ii13
Author(s):  
P Wijayasiri ◽  
H P Than ◽  
M Munir ◽  
O Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Hospital Management ◽  
Holistic Care ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Information Media ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
Current List ◽  
A Current

Abstract Background The walls across hospital wards are cluttered with posters, which, in some places, are peeling and staining with the years. Hospital management and well intention ward users dictate these displays, however their effectiveness in delivering essential information is rarely measured. We undertook a survey to establish: a) Whether posters are effective, b) What information ward users want, c) How they want information to be delivered. Methods 100 participants (68 staff and 32 patients’ relatives) were surveyed across three 28 bedded wards for older people. They had to recall as many posters as possible then identify useful posters from a current list. They were asked about unmet information needs, other media that they would utilise and alternative uses for ward walls. Interventions were made on one ward based on initial findings: 1. An ‘Information for Relatives’ board was created, 2. A mural was installed. 20 relatives were asked to complete an anonymous form reviewing the board. Results Only 23% of participants were able to recall at least 3 posters. 34% could not find a single useful topic among the current posters. The most popular unmet information needs, among many, were ‘the discharge pathway’, ‘delirium’ and ‘falls’. Most participants said they would engage with alternative information media, suggesting leaflets, email and websites. A quarter felt walls should be for artwork, not posters. The ‘Information for Relatives’ board was well received. In the second survey, new unmet information needs were uncovered and, despite the new mural, 45% called for more paintings still. Conclusions Most people do not read the information on the walls on hospital wards. An appetite exists for alternative media. Paintings were earnestly called for at every point; a comforting ward environment should be part of the holistic care we aim to offer, especially for older patients.

scholarly journals Identification of Thoroughbred Racehorse Welfare Issues by Industry Stakeholders

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1358
Author(s):  
Glen Mactaggart ◽  
Natalie Waran ◽  
Clive J.C. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Internet Survey ◽  
Common View ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Focus Group Meeting ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Adaptive Conjoint Analysis

Identifying key welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could lead to an improvement in standards. A lack of scientific information on the relative importance of key issues was addressed by soliciting the views of, first, welfare experts in the industry and, second, a broader group of stakeholders, who selected the best welfare options by adaptive conjoint analysis. The experts represented racehorse breeders, veterinarians, trainers, owners, government officials, salespeople, farriers, transporters, and horse re-trainers for post-racing activities. In a focus group meeting, the experts identified fourteen key welfare issues, each with two to four levels that related to common husbandry practices. Then, in an internet survey, 224 stakeholders ranked the issues using adaptive conjoint analysis, in declining importance, as: horsemanship > health and disease > education of the horse > track design and surface > ventilation > stabling > weaning > transport > nutrition > wastage > heat and humidity > whips > environment > gear. Relatively uniform responses to the survey by the different stakeholder groups suggested that there was a common view on what had the biggest impact on welfare. An exception was a greater rating given by women than men to the importance of correct horse nutrition. The rating of importance for welfare of different levels of provision of each issue mostly conformed to the scientific evidence, with the exception of weaning. This understanding of the importance of welfare issues for thoroughbred racehorses could be used to target interventions to the most serious problems.

scholarly journals The First-Class, the Familiar and the Forgettable: An analysis of Prime Ministerial performance in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Katherine Smith
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Political Performance ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Current List ◽  
A Current

<p>Within the literature associated with political leadership, scholarship directly focused upon political performance in office is thinly conducted, both in New Zealand and in other areas across the world. This thesis aims to greater understand political leadership and performance in New Zealand, and address the gaps in the literature correlated with Prime Ministerial performance. To do this, this thesis provides a current list of rankings of former Premiers and Prime Ministers in New Zealand and identifies the dimensions that one must fulfil to display exceptional performance in office. To undertake this research, this thesis uses a series of surveys – distributed to students at Victoria University of Wellington, and to other individuals with a professional interest in politics and history in New Zealand – to best assess public perceptions towards political performance. Building upon the path dependency created by former exercises of the same nature in New Zealand (conducted by Simon Sheppard in 1998, and by Jon Johansson and Stephen Levine in 2011), this thesis provides a snapshot of the current public perceptions of outstanding political performance. In a similar nature to the earlier studies, this thesis identifies the dimensions of longevity, death in office, and being a ‘big change’ or crisis Prime Minister as being directly correlated with elevated performance in office. Additionally, this thesis investigates whether a series of variables – namely time between exercises in New Zealand, and the appearance of a possible recency effect– provide any influence or change over results. Additionally, this thesis moves outside the scope of exercises conducted previously in New Zealand, by ranking Prime Ministerial performance using a series of different methodologies. In conjunction with a replication of the exercises already conducted in New Zealand, this survey also assesses Prime Ministerial performance by using a survey based upon the well-cited Schlesinger ranking studies in the United States, and a third survey aimed to assess political shifts and levels of knowledge and recall rates amongst university students. Regardless of such factors, the results of this thesis remain consistent with previous exercises, with Michael Savage, Richard Seddon, Helen Clark and Peter Fraser being regarded by the political and academic elite across all surveys as embodying the highest qualities of successful political leadership in New Zealand.</p>

The effectiveness of Spiritual Therapy from Depression to CultureBased in Iranian Women in Germany

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bafandegan Mojaver V ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Group Intervention ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Group ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Spiritual Therapy ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
A Current

Based on the lack of scientific evidence in the psychotherapy of depression in refugees, a controlled, prospective study is reported in which the effectiveness of a spiritual therapeutic group intervention is compared to a waiting control condition. A total of 20 people with a current depressive disorder were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (N = 10) or a waiting condition (N = 10). Before we worked, we had the ad in social networks and Persian churches in Frankfurt. For data collection through questionnaires and tests, a minimum of 2 hours was provided for each patient in the 8 weeks. We use Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The effects were statistically and clinically significant on all parameters. Significant improvements were seen in 10 patients undergoing spiritual therapy (F = 0.405, α = 5 %). “The effectiveness of spiritual therapy from depression to culture-based in Iranian women in Germany” is a well-received, highly efficient group therapy. Waiting is inefficient and even problematic for this group.

Some reasons why evidence from educational research is not particularly popular among (pre-service) teachers: A discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Frank Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Educational Research ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. This discussion first highlights novel aspects that the individual articles contribute to the special issue on (future) teachers' choice, use, and evaluation of (non-)scientific information sources about educational topics. Among these highlights are the conceptualizations of epistemic goals and the type of pedagogical task as moderators of the selection and use of scientific evidence. The second part raises overarching questions, including the following: How inclusive do we want the concept of evidence to be? How should teachers use research evidence in their pedagogical problem-solving and decision-making? To what extent is multidisciplinary teacher education contributing to epistemological confusion, possibly leading to (pre-service) teachers' low appreciation of educational research?

ANALISIS LITERASI INFORMASI PADA KETERAMPILAN MENULIS KRITIS DAN ILMIAH MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INDONESIA UHKBPNP

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-347
Author(s):  
Monalisa Frince S
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Accuracy Comparison ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Literacy Ability ◽  
Information Characteristics ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

This study aims to describe the information literacy ability of Indonesian language education students at the University of HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar on the subject of critical and scientific writing skills. This study analyzes the information literacy ability using the Seven Pillars Model created by the Standing Conferences of National and University Libraries (SCONUL) which consists of: (1) Identify (understand information needs, (2) Scope (determine the type of information, characteristics, challenges), (3) Plan (determine the search strategy), (4) Gather (do a search, access information), (5) Evaluate (Relevance, accuracy, comparison, (6) Manage (manage information, quote, compile a bibliography, know ethics using information , and (7) present (compile information products in the right form and present) .This type of research uses descriptive research.The method used in this study is a qualitative research method. The data collection techniques in this study are interviews and observation.Keywords: writing, critical and scientific, information literacy

Knowledge Sharing between Local Government and Rural Remote Communities in Tanzania

2016 ◽  
pp. 1612-1631
Author(s):  
Chantal Philips ◽  
Wulystan P. Mtega ◽  
Arja Vainio-Mattila
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Radio Broadcasting

Social, economic, and cultural factors are known to influence the knowledge sharing process between governments and rural communities. There is evidence that the success of ICT for development partnerships depends on a broadly identified “local context” and involvement of local communities. This chapter describes a survey of citizens about their information needs and modes of reception as well as a pilot study of Village Information Officers. Utilizing new technologies such as mobile phone communication and community radio broadcasting in local languages is identified by remote and rural study and survey participants as a valuable alternative to traditional government methods for communicating with citizens. Rural people identified gaps in knowledge related to health, education, and economic activities. These three broad categories of knowledge are important for effective poverty reduction efforts of government. Due to the poor reach of newspapers or other forms of print and broadcast media, face-to-face communication and cell phones were mentioned by more than 60% of the respondents in Kilosa district as techniques used in accessing government information. The positive results achieved by Village Information Officers in responding to gaps in knowledge regarding government services and support for development efforts has led to further demand for replication of the pilot study to support pastoralists, emergency preparedness, and wildlife conservation.

IPIECA/OGP GUIDE TO OILED SHORELINE OILING ASSESSMENT (SCAT) SURVEYS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 299649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Owens ◽  
Helen Dubach
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Treatment Techniques

This new IPIECA/OGP Guide explains why and how an effective oiled shoreline assessment program is necessary and appropriate to support the planning, decisions making and implementation process for a shoreline response for the initial response to the completion of treatment o cleanup operations. Some of the key elements of the Guide include:• how a SCAT Programme fits into the Shoreline Response Programme and is vertically and horizontally integrated within the response management organization;• how the key components of a shoreline assessment program are integrated into the data generation, decision process, and implementation and closure stages of a shoreline response• the importance of segmentation, as part of pre-spill planning when possible, to divide the shoreline into operational working units and as the foundation for a data base;• identification of the information needs, and expectations, of the decision makers and the flow of information from the documentation generated by the field teams, through the data base, to support the development of treatment options and constraints, treatment end points, and finally into the inspection and closure process;• types of data (maps, tables, reports etc.) that are generated;• lines of communication and support for field Operations regarding (a) guidelines for treatment techniques and strategies, (b) operational environmental, cultural and socioeconomic limitations, (c) treatment priorities, and (d) the application and understanding of Shoreline Treatment Recommendations (STRs) (the shoreline treatment “work orders”);• participants and design elements of a Shoreline Assessment Programme Plan and ;• checklists for the key participants of a SCAT Programme (SCAT Coordinator, Field Team Leads, SCAT-OPS Liaison, Logistics Coordinator, and SCAT Data Manager) for each of the initial (“reactive”) planning, and completion (“closure”) phases of a typical response operation. The SCAT process provides a strategy for completion without which a spill response would be unable to ensure a timely end, which may lead to misuse of resources and negative environmental impacts due to excessive treatment. Shoreline assessment surveys provide valuable information and support for decision makers, planners and operations, no matter the size of the spill, the scale of the response or the environmental setting, to effectively treat or clean oiled shorelines by accelerating recovery without causing additional harm to the environment.

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