The Institutional Struggle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Front Line ◽  
The Third

Chapter 9 continues the investigation into the labor-capital balance of power, addressing the third of the three planes of struggle, that of institutional struggle. Focusing on the labor courts in a historical context, the chapter asserts that the courts are on the defensive, accused of being too “biased” in labor’s favor, as too “ideological” in contrast to the Finance Ministry’s “objective expertise”. It argues that attempts to limit the labor courts’ power act de facto to undermine collective labor relations. The labor courts, then, are on the front line of attempts to undermine organized labor by weakening the institutions and frameworks within which it operates.

The Frontal Struggle

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
General Public ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Union Power ◽  
Labor Organizing ◽  
Ideological Struggle

Chapter 7, which addresses the labor-capital balance of power, conceptualizes three planes of labor struggle, anchored in concepts of union power: the “frontal struggle” of organizing drives, unionization and collective action; the “ideological struggle” in which organized labor defends its legitimacy and the legitimacy of collective labor relations; and the “institutional struggle” over the institutions and formalized frameworks that facilitate collective labor relations. The chapter then explores the first plane with an analysis of unionizing at Pelephone, which encountered extreme opposition from the employer and led to a groundbreaking ruling from National Labor Court determining what an employer may and may not do in opposition to an organizing drive. However, noting other employers’ continued opposition to labor organizing and their ability to ignore the spirit of the ruling, the chapter suggests that the frontal struggle is easily undermined if it has no general public support on the level of ideology.

Concluding Remarks to Part 2

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Preminger
Keyword(s):  
Labor Relations ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Privileged Position ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
The Way

Chapter 10 summarizes the chapters which addressed the second sphere, the labor-capital balance of power, and asserts that the challenge to labor’s privileged position in the neocorporatist labor relations regime is an important element in the shift of power away from organized labor and towards capital. Indeed, the concept of a balance of power has become paramount, and the idea of labor being a priori weaker than capital has been rejected. In an economy which exalts competition and the entrepreneurial individual, organized labor is attacked as a monopoly, akin to monopoly firms. It has had some success in workplace struggles, but its capacity to influence attitudes and create an ideological climate favorable to unionizing has been greatly weakened: it is not just struggling against capital in the workplace, but coping with a fundamental shift in the way organized labor is perceived and being construed.

The Making of a Cause Lawyer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Meierhenrich
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Early Years ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nazi Era

This chapter provides the biographical and historical context necessary for understanding Fraenkel and his time. The analysis is organized into three sections: his early years, the Weimar Years, and the Nazi years. In the first section, I trace Fraenkel’s upbringing in a secular household influenced by the so-called Jewish Enlightenment, or Haskalah; explore the origins of his life-long predilection for social democracy; and recount the intellectual effects of his military service in World War I. In the second section, I reconstruct Fraenkel’s education and socialization as a young lawyer and interpret Fraenkel’s most important Weimar-era writings. I explicate the roles they played in preparing the ground for the writing of The Dual State. In the third section, finally, I commence my analysis of Fraenkel’s Nazi-era thought and conduct up until his escape to freedom in 1938.

Women’s Liberation and the Agrarian Question: Insights from Peasant Movements in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Archana Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
The Third ◽  
Peasant Movements ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores some questions arising from recent debates on patriarchy and capitalism. The focus is on the role of women in communist-led peasant movements in India and the implications of such struggles on the project of women’s emancipation. The first section lays out a framework for discussing the interface between class consciousness and the anti-patriarchal project, whereby patriarchy is located within the structural contradictions arising out of the contestations within the process of accumulation. The second section documents the historical context, focusing on the relationship between land reforms and social transformation in semi-feudal and early capitalist contexts, and analyzes the extent to which communist-led struggles are anti-patriarchal in character. The third section turns to the participation of women in the contemporary struggles of both agricultural workers and peasant movements and underlines the new emerging dialectics between women’s and peasant organizations under a neoliberal state and with deepening agrarian distress.

scholarly journals Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Dawid Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Special Category

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.

Poultry Loans

2018 ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
Dean Karlan ◽  
Jacob Appel
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Software Update ◽  
The Third ◽  
Promotional Campaign ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Poultry Farming

This chapter looks at the Poultry Loan, a credit-to-savings intervention. Through an informational and promotional campaign, the researchers recruited fifty participants willing to try poultry farming and launched a pilot. At this stage the research did not include an impact evaluation but just sought to determine whether the model was operationally viable. Strictly speaking, this case is not a failure. It is actually a prime example of an appropriate pilot. That said, even the limited pilot offers failures worth discussing, all related to the research setting. First, at the front line of implementation, local financial services organization Sahastradhara KGFS's unexpectedly lengthy software update caused a timing problem. Second, the complexity of the intervention made it challenging to roll out all at once. The third lesson goes back to the beginning of the story, before Poultry Loans were even an idea.

Organized Labor and the Problem of “Smokers’ Rights”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Wood
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
National Labor Relations Board ◽  
Smoking Restrictions ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Twentieth Century ◽  
Roll Back

This chapter examines the relationship of the labor movement to the decline of smokers' work cultures from the 1970s to the 1990s. As newspaper articles, letters to lobbyists, and published National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) decisions illustrate, the demise of smoking at work often intersected with the efforts of many employers to roll back the power of organized labor. Employers sometimes used no-smoking rules to discipline workers, committeemen, and union organizers for unwanted efforts to shape managerial policy making. Unions often fought for working-class smokers and their vanishing privileges, as the increasing marginalization of smoking and smokers seemed to portend the overall demise of labor's power in the late twentieth century. The NLRB discovered in numerous cases brought by workers and unions that employers tried to sidestep collective bargaining by abruptly creating new no-smoking rules and using smoking restrictions to harass union supporters.

The Lessons of Human Resource in The Theory of Constraints

2019 ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Brian J. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fairness Concerns

This article describes how human resource management is a field encompassing the interactions between people working within an organization. This area incorporates the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees as well as attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. In this article, the roles of human resource management and how they impact the overall business are discussed in three sections. The first section uses Eli Goldratt's The Goal as a template to discuss the functions of human resource. The second section discusses how technology impacts human resource management. Lastly, the third section discusses human resource management's ability to create continuous improvements and increase overall quality.

Organized Labor and Social Conflict in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Saori Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Labor Movement ◽  
Social Conflict ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Organized Labor ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Classic Model

This chapter analyzes the development of the Japanese labor movement throughout the postwar period. With some exceptions, workers in Japan have been predominantly organized in unions that have had a commitment to a relatively non-confrontational approach toward industrial relations. This organization has come to be challenged in more recent years, however, since the classic model of Japanese labor relations has faced increasing strain as part of the wider changes to the Japanese model of capitalism. Alongside this historical overview of organized labor, the chapter also considers the development of other (non-labor) social movements. This includes those movements that have emerged to promote the interests of social groups whose interests overlap with those of labor but who might not immediately identify themselves as part of the labor movement, such as the homeless, unemployed, and students. The trajectory of social conflict in Japan during the past thirty years has seen a move away from the classic model of social compromise. Various types of social conflict—both inside and outside of the workplace, and involving either workers or those less typically identified with organized labor—have become increasingly common.

Empire—A World History

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-88
Author(s):  
Peter Fibiger Bang
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
World History ◽  
Balance Of Power ◽  
The Other ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Us ◽  
Third Millennium Bce ◽  
Four Discourses

This chapter attempts a synthesis of the imperial experience in world history. Setting out from an in-depth comparison of two incidents, one from the US occupation of Iraq, the other from the Jewish uprising against Nero (66–70 CE), cooperation with local elites is identified as the key to imperial government. The chapter proceeds to discuss current definitions of empire, followed by a wide-ranging survey of modern theories of empire. Most of these can be grouped within four discourses that originate in societal debates from the early 1900s: about monopoly, capitalism and empire; about empire as predatory networks of aristocratic elites; about empire and national identity; and about geopolitics and the balance of power. These four theoretical discourses provide the four dimensions of an analytical matrix that, finally, structure an attempt at synthesizing the imperial experience in world history, from the third millennium BCE Levantine Bronze Age until the present.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document