Civilization and Enlightenment

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Su Yun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Colonial Government

This chapter examines the introduction of intermarriage between Koreans and Japanese as a public discourse in the early twentieth century, starting in the Japanese protectorate period from 1905 to 1910. It examines the colonial government documents and newly launched Japanese-language media. It also looks at readings of novels by Yi Injik in the genre of the so-called New Novel and of Yi Kwangsu's early short stories. The chapter then explores the discourse that propagated the idea of Korean–Japanese intimacy as an important part of the Korean assimilation into the newly dominant Japanese civilization. It explains how the violence of the Japanese Empire has overshadowed the existence of intimate and familial Korean–Japanese relationships since the colonial period.

Imperial Romance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Print Media ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Policies

This book argues that the idea of colonial intimacy within the Japanese empire of the early twentieth century had a far broader and more popular influence on discourse makers, social leaders, and intellectuals than previously understood. The book investigates representations of Korean–Japanese intimate and familial relationships — including romance, marriage, and kinship — in literature, media, and cinema, alongside documents that discuss colonial policies during the Japanese protectorate period and colonial rule in Korea (1905–45). Focusing on Korean perspectives, the book uncovers political meaning in the representation of intimacy and emotion between Koreans and Japanese portrayed in print media and films. It disrupts the conventional reading of colonial-period texts as the result of either coercion or the disavowal of colonialism, thereby expanding our understanding of colonial writing practices. The theme of intermarriage gave elite Korean writers and cultural producers opportunities to question their complicity with imperialism. Their fictions challenged expected colonial boundaries, creating tensions in identity and hierarchy, and also in narratives of the linear developmental trajectory of modernity. Examining a broad range of writings and films from this period, the book maps the colonized subjects' fascination with their colonizers and with moments that allowed them to become active participants in and agents of Japanese and global imperialism.

Caste-Less Tamils and Early Print Public Sphere: Remembering Iyothee Thass (1845–914)

2021 ◽  
pp. 026272802110348
Author(s):  
Dickens Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of

Responding to the history of Dalit invisibility in print public sphere, this article explores one of the earliest Dalit articulations in print in South Asia during the colonial period. Extending studies on anti-caste thought by foregrounding the Tamil cosmopolis, this conceptualises how the most oppressed by caste engaged with print in the early twentieth century, through studying the works on and of Pandit Iyothee Thass and his movement. The article proposes that these experiments with print opened the chance of a political to emerge, which was otherwise foreclosed, towards wording a caste-less community at this earlier time in Indian history.

scholarly journals BIOMETRICS, RACE MAKING, AND WHITE EXCEPTIONALISM: THE CONTROVERSY OVER UNIVERSAL FINGERPRINTING IN KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43
Author(s):  
KEREN WEITZBERG
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
White Male ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Universal System ◽  
White Settler ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis article excavates the imperial origins behind the recent turn towards digital biometrics in Kenya. It also tells the story of an important moment of race-making in the years after the Second World War. Though Kenya may be considered a frontier market for today's biometrics industry, fingerprinting was first introduced in the early twentieth century. By 1920, the Kenyan colonial government had dictated that African men who left their reserves be fingerprinted and issued an identity card (known colloquially as a kipande). In the late 1940s, after decades of African protest, the colonial government replaced the kipande with a universal system of registration via fingerprinting. This legislative move was accompanied by protests from members of the white settler community. Ironically, the effort to deracialize Kenya's identification regime only further normalized the use of biometrics, but also failed to fully undermine associations between white male exceptionalism and exemption from fingerprinting.

The Evolution of Japanese Colonialism

1959 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyman Kublin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Colonial Government

Reflecting upon the career in the colonial government of Formosa that was to win him world-wide fame in the early twentieth century, Baron Shimpei Goto once remarked that “Japan had made no preparations whatever for the administration of the island at the time of its acquisition”. Underscoring this neglect, he added, was “the fact that, in the case of other nations confronted by a similar occasion, elaborate schemes are generally formulated to meet contingencies connected with the occupation of a new territory”. One may wonder whether the Baron included among the “elaborate schemers” the “absent-minded” builders of the British Empire.It does not matter whether Baron Goto was aware of the complex historical processes, of the actions and accidents, involved in the creation of great empires. It is not even important whether he really believed that the colonial programs of the imperial powers were, like the war plans carefully devised by army general staffs, drawn from secret files as occasions demanded. Goto was primarily interested in the formulation and implementation of a colonial policy for Japan. His observation on his government's lack of preparedness to assume control and direction of Formosan affairs should thus be taken not simply as a confession and condemnation but rather as a statement of purpose.

What to do about cows? Princely versus British approaches to a South Asian dilemma

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
IAN COPLAND
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Custom ◽  
Vexed Question

For more than a millennium, cow slaughter has been a source of bitter contention in South Asia. Hindus revere the animal; Muslims like to eat it and, until recently, the cow has been the preferred animal of sacrifice at the Islamic festival of ‘Id-ul-Adha¯. This paper looks at how, over the twentieth century, Indian governments of differing type and ideological colour—British and princely during the late colonial period and Congress nationalist after 1947—have tried to mediate this vexed question. It finds that while policies differed widely, there was a tendency for all governments in the early twentieth century to be guided by social custom and local opinion, so that in the small Muslim-ruled state of Mangrol, which had an official ban, the Muslims who killed cows occasionally for food were never prosecuted so long as they kept their activities discreet—but this ‘discretionary’ option became politically unviable once the country embraced democracy.

Adaptation of Western Modern Concepts in Modern Korean Architecture in the Early Twentieth Century: Through the Perspective of Science, Efficiency, and Hygiene

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-153
Author(s):  
Myengsoo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Company Housing ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Korean Architecture

This research explores the characteristics of Korean early modern architecture in the early twentieth century. Modern Korean architecture experienced conflicts and continuities between tradition and modernity from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries. To evaluate these various influences, this article considers Korean early modern architecture through the perspective of such modern concepts as “science,” “efficiency,” and “hygiene.” These modern concepts emerged first in the West before the nineteenth century, and they played significant roles in constructing a modern society in the West and the East. By investigating how these modern concepts were adopted in Korea in the early twentieth century, this research scrutinizes not only individual architects such as Park Gilryong and Park Dongjin but also newly constructed buildings such as kwansa (official residences of Japanese ministries) and sat’aek (company housing), especially during the Japanese colonial period. Furthermore, this research goes beyond Korean architecture to encompass regional and cultural differences. This research enables early modern Korean architecture to find its identity through the approach of social and cultural contexts, and by comparison with Western architectural culture.

The Indian Voice: Connecting Self-Representation and Identity Formulation in Diaspora

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Nasar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
East African ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Diasporic Identity ◽  
Early Colonial ◽  
Racial Hierarchies

AbstractThis article examines a previously overlooked publication titled The Indian Voice of British East Africa, Uganda and Zanzibar. Printed in Nairobi between 1911 and 1913, the Indian Voice has been dismissed by some scholars as “insignificant” in the wider context of Kenya’s militant press. As an important tool for discovering, exploring and analyzing the nature of racial hierarchies, diasporic identity and belonging, this article argues that the Indian Voice can be used to understand how “new kinds of self-representation” both emerged and dissolved in early twentieth-century East Africa. By contextualizing the historical significance of the newspaper, it demonstrates how the Indian Voice offers an invaluable means of generating new insights into the complex cultural and political formulations of Indian identities in diaspora. In doing so, this article contributes to remapping the historical perspective of East African Indians within the early colonial period.

The Currency of Innocence: Children’s ‘Emotional Capital’ in the Japanese Empire

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-297
Author(s):  
Sabine Frühstück
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Emotional Capital

Abstract In early twentieth-century Japan, a large body of pictures and narratives connected children with soldiers and war-making, producing a multi-sensory emotional register. An operationalised ‘emotional capital’ was employed primarily through the unapologetic insinuation of sentiments, such as Japanese children’s admiration for and affinity with soldiers, those children’s empathy for other children in Japanese-occupied territory, and ‘occupied’ children’s gratitude for the protection soldiers supposedly provided. Altogether, children’s supposed vulnerability and innocence were enlisted, until 1945, to legitimise Japan’s imperialist war – offering a sense of redemption in the wake of extreme mass violence; and, after the defeat, to embody peace as ‘icons of humanitarianism’.

scholarly journals ‘Modest’ and ‘Faithful’: Centering Pseudonyms in Fiction in Early Twentieth Century Chinese Periodicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenkai Tong
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
May Fourth

In this article, I attempt to show that literary works produced by authors who have their identities hidden behind pseudonyms may further current understandings of the May Fourth and New Culture literary canon. I examine two fictional short stories, written by Xuxin (‘Modest’) and Zhongyan (‘Faithful’), and explore how these short stories reinforce or nuance established understandings of the May Fourth and New Culture canon. I examine their works within the context of the May Fourth and New Culture movements and attempt to offer a comparative analysis of these two short stories, while suggesting that more attention should be given to authors whose identities were hidden.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document