Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Martha Gershun ◽  
John D. Lantos
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Living Organ Donation ◽  
Professional Study ◽  
Psychological Risks

This chapter presents two very different perspectives on living organ donation — one very specific and personal and one shaped by a lifetime of professional study and experience. The chapter aims to better understand the evolution and current state of organ transplantation, as well as consideration of practices and policies that could increase the willingness and ability of more people to donate. It tells the story of one kidney transplant from a living donor. The donor was unrelated to the recipient and, when she volunteered to donate, she did not even know the recipient. The chapter examines the importance of the story for two reasons: first, it might inspire some people to follow the donor's path and donate, the second reason is that it might goad transplant programs into rethinking their processes for cultivating, evaluating, and then stewarding organ donors. Ultimately, the chapter discusses why the criteria for who could donate expanded. With each expansion, new ethical questions arose about the motivations of donors, the prerogatives of surgeons, and the acceptable levels of physical and psychological risks for donors.

scholarly journals Willingness to Become Deceased Organ Donors among Post-graduate Students in Selected Colleges in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Paneru ◽  
Samyog Uprety ◽  
Shyam S. Budhathoki ◽  
Birendra K. Yadav ◽  
Suman L. Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Introduction: Globally, there is a discrepancy between demand and availability of organs for transplantation. Transplantation is done from a living donor as well as a brain-dead/deceased donor. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages deceased donor transplantation, since there is no risk to the donor. Although, the Transplant Act of Nepal 2016 opened the doors for deceased donor organ transplantation, the rate of transplantation from deceased donors is very low. Thus, this study assesses factors associated with willingness for deceased organ donation among post-graduate students of law, medicine, and mass communication streams. Methods: A total of 9 colleges, 3 from each specialty were selected via lottery method. The total sample size calculated was 440. Self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. 170, 140 and 130 forms were distributed in law, medicine and mass communication respectively via convenient sampling. Multivariate analysis among the variables that had p- value <0.05 in bivariate analysis was carried out to find out the strongest predictors of willingness to be deceased organ donors. Results: In all, 53.2% were willing to become deceased organ donors. Family permission in one's wish to donate organs, having someone in family with chronic disease, having attended any conference or general talk on organ donation, knowing a live organ donor and knowing that body will not be left disfigured after organ extraction were found to be the strongest predictors for willingness to be deceased organ donors; while lack of awareness was reported as the main barrier for the same reason. Conclusion: There is a need for extensive awareness programs and new strategies to motivate individuals and family members for organ donation. Key words: • Deceased Organ Donation • Willingness • Kathmandu • Nepal • Organ Transplantation • Living Donor • Deceased Donor   Copyright © 2019 Paneru et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The Living Organ Donor as Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman Ross ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Donors ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Special Obligations

This is a book about living solid organ donors as patients in their own right. This book is premised on the supposition that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some specific applications are not, eg, pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. When Joseph Murray performed the first successful living kidney donor transplant in 1954, he thought this would be a temporary stopgap. Today, however, the goal of adequate organ supply without living donors remains elusive. If anything, the supply:demand ratio is worse. In this book, a five-principle living donor ethics framework is developed and used to examine the ethical issues raised by living donor selection demographics, innovative attempts to increase living organ donation, and living donor decision-making and risk thresholds. This ethics framework uses the three principles of the Belmont Report modified to organ transplantation (respect for persons, beneficence, and justice) supplemented by the principles of vulnerability and of special relationships creating special obligations. The approach requires that the transplant community fully embraces living organ donors (and prospective living organ donors) as patients to whom special obligations are owed. Only when living organ donors are regarded as patients in their own right and have a living donor advocate team dedicated to their well-being can the moral boundaries of living solid organ donation be determined and realized. This book provides theoretical arguments and practice guidelines, complemented by case studies, to ensure that living donors are given the full respect and care they deserve.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Dying Patient ◽  
Donor Transplant

This is a book about living solid organ donors as patients in their own right. It is premised on the supposition that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some instantiations are not, eg, pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. In this chapter, the objection to living solid organ donation based on the obligation to do no harm is rejected because it ignores the fact that for many living donors, the benefits outweigh the harms. It is argued that the principle of respect for persons permits some living solid organ donation provided that both the donor and the recipient are treated as patients in their own right. This chapter then provides an outline for the rest of the book in which a five-principle living donor ethics framework is developed and applied to various living donor transplant proposals.

scholarly journals Development of the National Living Donor Assistance Center: Reducing Financial Disincentives to Living Organ Donation

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. Warren ◽  
Kimberly A. Gifford ◽  
Barry A. Hong ◽  
Robert M. Merion ◽  
Akinlolu O. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Living Organ Donation ◽  
Financial Disincentives

Living Donor Organ Transplantation in Europe: Re-evaluating its Role

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Donor Organ ◽  
The Face ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Transplantation

AbstractHard choices confront societies generally as well as clinicians individually in the face of escalating organ supply requirements for transplantation within Europe. Living organ donation is an important supplement to cadaveric sources of supply, at least in the short to medium term. However, all acceptable therapeutic transplantation strategies require a proper legal regulatory framework to facilitate their use and to encompass central ethical principles and standards. Living donor organ transplantation has typically lacked such a framework, creating vagueness and both doubt and scepticism as to its status and practice.

scholarly journals Research on MI in Equipoise: The Case of Living Organ Donation

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Zuckoff ◽  
Mary Amanda Dew
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Psychological Outcomes ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Live Organ Donation ◽  
Living Organ Donation ◽  
Do So

Residual ambivalence prior to live organ donation has been shown to predict worse physical and psychological outcomes for the donor following surgery. We are studying whether MI can help individuals who have agreed to become living organ donors to resolve residual ambivalence about their decision. In this situation, ethical practice demands that the counselor take up a stance of equipoise, equally welcoming of strengthened resolve to donate or a decision not to do so. This paper describes our adaptations of MI for this unique applicatio

scholarly journals Organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation in 2019. 12th report from the Registry of the Russian Transplant Society

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-34
Author(s):  
S. V. Gautier ◽  
S. M. Khomyakov
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Moscow Oblast ◽  
Heart Transplants ◽  
The Russian Federation

Objective: to monitor current trends and developments in organ donation and transplantation in the Russian Federation based on the 2019 data. Materials and methods. Heads of organ transplant centers were surveyed. Data obtained over years from federal subjects of the Russian Federation and from organ transplant centers in the country were analyzed and compared. Results. Based on data retrieved from the 2019 Registry, only 46 kidney, 31 liver and 17 heart transplant centers were functioning in Russia. In 2019, there were 6,878 potential recipients in the kidney transplant waitlist. This represents 13.7% of the 50,000 dialysis patients in the country. Donation activity in 2019 reached 5.0 per million population; multi-organ procurement rate was 71.6%; 2.9 organs on average were procured from one effective donor. In 2019, there were 10.0 kidney transplants per million population, 4.0 liver transplants per million population and 2.3 heart transplants per million people. Same year, the number of transplant surgeries performed in Russia rose 10.7% from the previous year. Moscow and Moscow Oblast alone have 13 functioning organ transplantation centers. They account for half of all kidney transplant surgeries and 70% of all liver and heart transplants performed in the country. Organ recipients in the Russian Federation have exceeded 16,000 in number. Conclusion. Organ transplantations in Russia keep on increasing – 10–15% per year. Donor and transplant programs are also becoming more effective and efficient. However, the demand for organ transplants far exceeds the current supply of available organs in the Russian Federation. Peculiarities of the development of organ donation and organ transplantation in Russia in 2019 were associated with some factors, such as structure and geographical location of transplant centers, waitlisting of patients, funding sources and amount, and management of donor and transplant programs. The national transplantation registry will be developed taking into account new monitoring and analysis challenges.

scholarly journals Transplanting Diseases from Organ Donors in Western Europe: Fault Liability or Strict Liability?

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-238
Author(s):  
Nils Broeckx ◽  
Dimitri Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Strict Liability ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Fault Liability

This article will examine the problem of disease transmission through organ transplantation from a civil liability perspective. Both fault liability and strict product liability might be possible. These two types of liability will be compared, while applying them to the actions of the central parties involved in organ donation and transplantation, namely the physician/hospital, the donor and the organ exchange organisation. While product liability is generally an easier way to obtain compensation than fault liability, it might nevertheless place too heavy a burden on the transplant professionals.

scholarly journals Living Organ Donor Perspectives and Sources of Hesitancy about COVID-19 Vaccines

Kidney360 ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.34067/KID.0002112021
Author(s):  
Meera N. Harhay ◽  
Ann C. Klassen ◽  
Hasan Zaidi ◽  
Michael Mittelman ◽  
Rebecca Bertha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Personal Benefit ◽  
Living Organ Donation

Background: Living organ donation declined substantially in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic due to concerns about donor and transplant candidate safety. COVID-19 vaccines might increase confidence in the safety of living organ donation during the pandemic. We assessed informational preferences and perspectives about COVID-19 vaccines among US living organ donors and prospective donors. Methods: We conducted a national survey study of organ donors and prospective donors on social media platforms between 12/28/2020-2/23/2021. Survey items included multiple choice, visual analog scale, and open-ended responses. We examined associations between information preferences, history of COVID-19 infection, influenza vaccination history and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance using multivariable logistic regression and performed a thematic analysis of open-ended responses. Results: Among 342 respondents from 47 US states and the District of Columbia, 35% were between 51-70 years old, 90% were non-Hispanic white, 87% were women; 82% were living donors (94% kidney) and 18% in evaluation to donate (75% kidney). The majority planned to or had received COVID-19 vaccination (77%), whereas 11% did not plan to receive a vaccine, and 12% were unsure. Adjusting for demographics and donor characteristics, respondents who receive yearly influenza vaccinations had higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance than those who do not (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 5.06, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.68-9.53). Compared to respondents who prioritized medical information sources (e.g., personal physicians and transplant providers), those who prioritized news and social media had lower COVID-19 vaccine acceptance (aOR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15-0.73). Low perceived personal benefit from vaccination and uncertainty about long-term safety were common themes among those declining COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusions: Donor informational source preferences were strongly associated with the likelihood of accepting a COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccine guidance for organ donors who are unsure about COVID-19 vaccines could incorporate messaging about safety and benefits of vaccination for healthy people.

scholarly journals Living Donation by Individuals with Life-Limiting Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman Ross ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Living Donation ◽  
Living Organ Donation ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Donation Process

The traditional living donor was very healthy. However, as the supply-demand gap continues to expand, transplant programs have become more accepting of less healthy donors. This paper focuses on the other extreme, asking whether and when individuals who have life-limiting conditions (LLC) should be considered for living organ donation. We discuss ethical issues raised by 1) donation by individuals with progressive severe debilitating disease for whom there is no ameliorative therapy; and 2) donation by individuals who are imminently dying or would die by the donation process itself.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document