scholarly journals Willingness to Become Deceased Organ Donors among Post-graduate Students in Selected Colleges in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Paneru ◽  
Samyog Uprety ◽  
Shyam S. Budhathoki ◽  
Birendra K. Yadav ◽  
Suman L. Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
World Health ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Introduction: Globally, there is a discrepancy between demand and availability of organs for transplantation. Transplantation is done from a living donor as well as a brain-dead/deceased donor. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) encourages deceased donor transplantation, since there is no risk to the donor. Although, the Transplant Act of Nepal 2016 opened the doors for deceased donor organ transplantation, the rate of transplantation from deceased donors is very low. Thus, this study assesses factors associated with willingness for deceased organ donation among post-graduate students of law, medicine, and mass communication streams. Methods: A total of 9 colleges, 3 from each specialty were selected via lottery method. The total sample size calculated was 440. Self- administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. 170, 140 and 130 forms were distributed in law, medicine and mass communication respectively via convenient sampling. Multivariate analysis among the variables that had p- value <0.05 in bivariate analysis was carried out to find out the strongest predictors of willingness to be deceased organ donors. Results: In all, 53.2% were willing to become deceased organ donors. Family permission in one's wish to donate organs, having someone in family with chronic disease, having attended any conference or general talk on organ donation, knowing a live organ donor and knowing that body will not be left disfigured after organ extraction were found to be the strongest predictors for willingness to be deceased organ donors; while lack of awareness was reported as the main barrier for the same reason. Conclusion: There is a need for extensive awareness programs and new strategies to motivate individuals and family members for organ donation. Key words: • Deceased Organ Donation • Willingness • Kathmandu • Nepal • Organ Transplantation • Living Donor • Deceased Donor   Copyright © 2019 Paneru et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude of law, medicine, and mass-communication students towards deceased organ donation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Pragya Paneru ◽  
Shyam S. Budhathoki ◽  
Samyog Uprety ◽  
Birendra K. Yadav ◽  
Rashmi Mulmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: With the global increase in the incidence organ failure and subsequent advancement in the medical technology, organ transplantation is growing as the best choice of treatment among the patients with various kinds of organ failure. However, the rate of deceased organ donation is relatively low in South-East Asia regions, including Nepal. This has created a mismatch between the demand and supply of organs for transplantation. World Health Organization encourages organ transplantation from a deceased organ donor as there is no risk to the donor. Thus, this paper aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of literate group specifically towards deceased organ donation.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 299 students selected conveniently from medicine, law, and mass communication streams from 9 different colleges (3 colleges from each stream) of Kathmandu. Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge level was classified into three different categories based on obtained scores and attitude was analyzed based on five-point Likert scale.Results: Almost half (48.8%) of the respondents while only 7% had high level of knowledge on the organ donation and transplantation. Similarly, 95% of the people had positive attitude towards organ donation. However, there was a weak correlation between knowledge and attitude of the respondents. None of the respondents carried an organ donation card.Conclusions: There is a need to plan robust strategies to educate people on organ donation so that they can make pragmatic decisions to register their names for deceased organ donation.

scholarly journals Impact of Donation Physicians on Deceased Organ Donation: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Squires ◽  
Laura D. Aloisio ◽  
Wilmer John Santos ◽  
Danielle Cho-Young ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Consent Rate ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Abstract Background: An emerging strategy to increase deceased organ donation is to use dedicated donation physicians to champion organ donation. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of donation physicians in improving organ donation outcomes.Methods: A systematic review was conducted following Cochrane principles. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINHAL databases were searched from inception to March 26, 2020. Quantitative studies examining the effects of donation physicians on all deceased organ donation outcomes were considered for inclusion. Review articles, editorials and opinion articles, and case studies were excluded. Study selection was completed independently by two team members; all discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Two team members independently extracted data from studies. Results: A total of 1,017 studies were screened, and 12 met inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1994 and 2019. Half used an interrupted time series design (n = 6; 50%), three (25%) were cohort studies, and three (25%) used a before-and-after study design. Outcomes (reported in greater than 50% of included articles) included consent/refusal rate (n = 8; 67%), number of potential donors (n = 7; 58%), and number of actual donors (n = 7; 58%). Across studies and design types, there was an increase in potential organ donors ranging from 8 to 143% (Mdn = 33%), an increase in actual organ donors from 15 to 113% (Mdn = 27%), an increase in donor consent rate from -3 to 258% (Mdn = 12%) and an increase in deceased donor transplants from 13 to 24% (Mdn = 19%) following the introduction of donation physicians.Conclusions: Donation physicians have the potential to significantly improve deceased organ donation. Further implementation and evaluation of donation physician programs is warranted. However, implementation should be undertaken with a clear plan for a methodologically rigorous evaluation of outcomes.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Martha Gershun ◽  
John D. Lantos
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Living Organ Donation ◽  
Professional Study ◽  
Psychological Risks

This chapter presents two very different perspectives on living organ donation — one very specific and personal and one shaped by a lifetime of professional study and experience. The chapter aims to better understand the evolution and current state of organ transplantation, as well as consideration of practices and policies that could increase the willingness and ability of more people to donate. It tells the story of one kidney transplant from a living donor. The donor was unrelated to the recipient and, when she volunteered to donate, she did not even know the recipient. The chapter examines the importance of the story for two reasons: first, it might inspire some people to follow the donor's path and donate, the second reason is that it might goad transplant programs into rethinking their processes for cultivating, evaluating, and then stewarding organ donors. Ultimately, the chapter discusses why the criteria for who could donate expanded. With each expansion, new ethical questions arose about the motivations of donors, the prerogatives of surgeons, and the acceptable levels of physical and psychological risks for donors.

The Living Organ Donor as Patient

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman Ross ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Donors ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Special Obligations

This is a book about living solid organ donors as patients in their own right. This book is premised on the supposition that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some specific applications are not, eg, pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. When Joseph Murray performed the first successful living kidney donor transplant in 1954, he thought this would be a temporary stopgap. Today, however, the goal of adequate organ supply without living donors remains elusive. If anything, the supply:demand ratio is worse. In this book, a five-principle living donor ethics framework is developed and used to examine the ethical issues raised by living donor selection demographics, innovative attempts to increase living organ donation, and living donor decision-making and risk thresholds. This ethics framework uses the three principles of the Belmont Report modified to organ transplantation (respect for persons, beneficence, and justice) supplemented by the principles of vulnerability and of special relationships creating special obligations. The approach requires that the transplant community fully embraces living organ donors (and prospective living organ donors) as patients to whom special obligations are owed. Only when living organ donors are regarded as patients in their own right and have a living donor advocate team dedicated to their well-being can the moral boundaries of living solid organ donation be determined and realized. This book provides theoretical arguments and practice guidelines, complemented by case studies, to ensure that living donors are given the full respect and care they deserve.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Organ Procurement ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
Do No Harm ◽  
Dying Patient ◽  
Donor Transplant

This is a book about living solid organ donors as patients in their own right. It is premised on the supposition that the field of living donor organ transplantation is ethical, even if some instantiations are not, eg, pre-mortem organ procurement of an imminently dying patient. In this chapter, the objection to living solid organ donation based on the obligation to do no harm is rejected because it ignores the fact that for many living donors, the benefits outweigh the harms. It is argued that the principle of respect for persons permits some living solid organ donation provided that both the donor and the recipient are treated as patients in their own right. This chapter then provides an outline for the rest of the book in which a five-principle living donor ethics framework is developed and applied to various living donor transplant proposals.

scholarly journals Impact of Donation Physicians on Deceased Organ Donation: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Squires ◽  
Laura D Aloisio ◽  
Wilmer John Santos ◽  
Danielle Cho-Young ◽  
Monica Taljaard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Consent Rate ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation

Abstract Background: An emerging strategy to increase deceased organ donation is to use dedicated donation physicians to champion organ donation. We sought to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness of donation physicians in improving organ donation outcomes.Data Sources: A systematic review was conducted following Cochrane principles. MEDLINE, Embase, and CINHAL databases were searched from inception to March 26, 2020. Study Selection: Quantitative studies examining the effects of donation physicians on all deceased organ donation outcomes were considered for inclusion. Review articles, editorials and opinion articles, and case studies were excluded. Study selection was completed independently by two team members; all discrepancies were resolved by consensus.Data Extraction: Two team members independently extracted data from studies. Data Synthesis: A total of 1,017 studies were screened, and 12 met inclusion criteria. Included studies were published between 1994 and 2019. Half used an interrupted time series design (n = 6; 50%), three (25%) were cohort studies, and three (25%) used a before-and-after study design. Outcomes (reported in greater than 50% of included articles) included consent/refusal rate (n = 8; 67%), number of potential donors (n = 7; 58%), and number of actual donors (n = 7; 58%). Across studies and design types, there was an increase in potential organ donors ranging from 8 to 143% (Mdn = 33%), an increase in actual organ donors from 15 to 113% (Mdn = 27%), an increase in donor consent rate from -3 to 258% (Mdn = 12%) and an increase in deceased donor transplants from 13 to 24% (Mdn = 19%) following the introduction of donation physicians.Conclusions: Donation physicians have the potential to significantly improve deceased organ donation. Further implementation and evaluation of donation physician programs is warranted. However, implementation should be undertaken with a clear plan for a methodologically rigorous evaluation of outcomes.

scholarly journals Awareness regarding body and organ donation amongst the population of an urban city in India

2015 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 051-057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishaly K. Bharambe ◽  
Rathod H. ◽  
Paranjape V. M. ◽  
Kanaskar N. ◽  
Shevade S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
The Body ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Urban City ◽  
The People ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Body Donation

Abstract Purpose : Bodies for purpose of dissection and organs for transplantation surgeries are needed for education of medical students and treatment of cases of end-stage organ failure. However deceased organ donation rate in India is very dismal. In the present study the authors assess the knowledge and attitude of the people living in an urban city in India towards organ and body donation. Materials/Methods : A questionnaire was distributed amongst all willing patients and their relatives attending the out-patient Department at our Hospital. This was followed by an awareness session wherein the researchers discussed body and organ donation and its need in India. Information sheet was handed to all and the willing respondents were given eye and body donation forms, and donor cards. Result: 41/65 people consented to participate. 41.5%, 31.7%, 12.2% and 12.2% had obtained knowledge regarding organ donation from newspaper, television, family members and internet respectively. 26.8% claimed that they were imparted knowledge by health care professionals. 78%, 53.7% and 19.5% were aware about eye, kidney and liver donations respectively. 17.1% were aware of body and lung donation each. Awareness of donation of other organs was found to be in the range between 4.9% to 14.6%. 43.9% were willing to be organ donors and 3 persons filled the body donation forms. Conclusion: Newspapers, healthcare professionals could be utilized to further the awareness regarding body and organ donation. Carrying out awareness programmes will help to reach information to each individual, clarifying any myths and increasing understanding and motivation levels among

Living Donor Organ Transplantation in Europe: Re-evaluating its Role

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Donor Organ ◽  
The Face ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
Therapeutic Transplantation

AbstractHard choices confront societies generally as well as clinicians individually in the face of escalating organ supply requirements for transplantation within Europe. Living organ donation is an important supplement to cadaveric sources of supply, at least in the short to medium term. However, all acceptable therapeutic transplantation strategies require a proper legal regulatory framework to facilitate their use and to encompass central ethical principles and standards. Living donor organ transplantation has typically lacked such a framework, creating vagueness and both doubt and scepticism as to its status and practice.

The History of Solid Organ Transplantation

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-52
Author(s):  
Lainie Friedman ◽  
J. Richard Thistlethwaite, Jr
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Living Donor ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Living Donors ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Organ Transplants ◽  
History Of ◽  
Kidney Liver

This chapter provides a brief history of solid organ transplantation. Although the focus is on the living donor, the history of living donor solid organ transplantation is intertwined with the history of deceased donor solid organ transplantation. This is particularly true in the early years of solid organ transplantation when the earliest success for some solid organ transplants began with living donors, e.g. kidney, and began with deceased donors for other solid organ transplants, e.g. liver. The history of each solid organ in which living donors have supplied grafts (kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, intestines, and uterus) is described even though some are rarely if ever performed today, e.g. lung, intestine, pancreas. We also discuss the living domino donor—a candidate-recipient (most commonly the recipient of a deceased donor liver or heart) whose own organ is not discarded but is transplanted into another person.

The Failure to Give

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-211
Author(s):  
James F. Childress
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Person ◽  
Presumed Consent ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Deceased Organ Donation ◽  
Risk Cost

After considering the huge and persistent gap between the supply of deceased donor organs for transplantation and the number of patients on the waiting list for a transplant, this chapter considers different ethical frameworks for evaluating first-person failures to donate organs after death and then assesses selected public policies designed to overcome these failures. Policies to facilitate first-person deceased organ donation often seek to alter the individual’s risk/cost-benefit calculations in deciding whether to register as a donor (for instance, by providing financial incentives); financial incentives can be ethically justifiable under some circumstances if they encourage and facilitate donation but do not implicate the sale of organs. Other proposed policies seek to nudge the individual’s declaration of organ donation through mandated choice or required response or through opt-out policies, often called “presumed consent,” under which not opting out counts as a donative decision. Available evidence suggests that mandated choice, required response, and presumed consent would probably be ineffective and perhaps even counterproductive in the United States at this time, but that some carefully designed combination could possibly be both ethically acceptable and effective.

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