scholarly journals Depicting the mating system and patterns of contemporary pollen flow in trees of the genus Anadenanthera (Fabaceae)

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10579
Author(s):  
Juliana Massimino Feres ◽  
Alison G. Nazareno ◽  
Leonardo M. Borges ◽  
Marcela Corbo Guidugli ◽  
Fernando Bonifacio-Anacleto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Contemporary Gene Flow

Anadenanthera (Fabaceae) is endemic to the Neotropics and consists of two tree species: A. colubrina (Vell.) Brenan and A. peregrina (L.) Speg. This study examined the mating system and contemporary gene flow of A. colubrina (Acol) and A. peregrina (Aper) in a highly fragmented area of the Atlantic Forest to provide valuable information that informs conservation strategies. Reproductive adults from forest remnants [nA. colubrina = 30 (2.7 ha), nA. peregrina = 55 (4.0 ha)] and progeny-arrays (nA. colubrina = 322, nA. peregrina = 300) were genotyped for seven nuclear microsatellite markers. Mating system analyses revealed that A. colubrina is a mixed mating species (tm = 0.619) while A. peregrina is a predominantly outcrossing species (tm = 0.905). For both Anadenanthera species, high indices of biparental inbreeding were observed (Acol = 0.159, Aper = 0.216), resulting in low effective pollination neighborhood sizes. Categorical paternity analysis revealed different scales of pollen dispersal distance: the majority of crossings occurring locally (i.e., between nearby trees within the same population), with moderate pollen dispersal coming from outside the forest fragments boundaries (Acolmp = 30%, Apermp = 35%). Nevertheless, pollen immigration from trees outside the populations for both species suggests that the populations are not reproductively isolated. This study highlights the importance of evaluating both mating system and contemporary gene flow for a better understanding of the biology of Anadenanthera species. This information should be considered to ensure the effective conservation and management practices of these plant species.

scholarly journals Gene flow and mating system of the tropical tree Sextonia rubra

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Veron ◽  
H. Caron ◽  
B. Degen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Tropical Tree Species ◽  
High Level

Abstract In this paper we report a study of the mating system and gene flow of Sextonia rubra, a hermaphroditic, insect pollinated tropical tree species with a geographic distribution in the Guyana Plateau and the Amazon. Using five microsatellites we analysed 428 seeds of 27 open pollinated families at the experimental site “Paracou” in French Guiana. We observed, compared to other tropical tree species, a high level of genetic diversity. We estimated parameters of the mating system and gene flow by using the mixed mating model and the TwoGener approach. The estimated multilocus outcrossing rate, tm, was 0.992 indicating nearly complete outcrossing. A significant level of biparental inbreeding and a small proportion of full-sibs were estimated for the 27 seed arrays. The differentiation of allelic frequencies among the pollen pools was ΦFT = 0.061. We estimated mean pollen dispersal distances between 65 m and 89 m according to the dispersal models used. The joint estimation of pollen dispersal and density of reproductive trees gave an effective density estimate of 2.1-2.2 trees/ha.

scholarly journals Mixed mating system and variable mating patterns in tropical woody bamboos

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Xie ◽  
Ling-Na Chen ◽  
Yu-Ran Dong ◽  
Han-Qi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Mixed Mating System ◽  
Mating Patterns ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Dispersal Distances

Abstract Background So far, little is known in detail about mating systems of woody bamboos. Paternity analysis of offspring improved our understanding of these systems, and contributed to their germplasm conservation and genetic improvement. Results In this study, a paternity analysis of offspring from two consecutive mass or sporadically flowering events of Dendrocalamus membranaceus and D. sinicus were conducted to determine their mating system and pollen dispersal using the program COLONY based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Two sporadically flowering populations of D. sinicus (C1, C2) obtained relatively high paternity assignments rates (69.0–71.4%). Meanwhile, among three populations of D. membranaceus, the sporadically flowering population A also had much higher paternity assignments rates (56.4%) than mass flowering populations B1(28.6%) and B2 (42.5%). Both D. membranaceus and D. sinicus had mixed mating systems while their mating patterns were variable depending on pollination conditions. The maximum pollen dispersal distances were 90 m and 4378 m for D. membranaceus and D. sinicus populations, respectively, and the mating distances of these two species focused on ranges of ca. 0–50 m and 0–1500 m, respectively. Conclusions These results revealed for the first time variable mating patterns in woody bamboos. This suggests half-sib seeds from the same bamboo clump may have different male parents and it is crucial to clarify genetic origin in woody bamboos’ breeding programs. The results also indicate the importance of pollinators in the mating systems of tropical woody bamboos.

Plant mating systems and assessing population persistence in fragmented landscapes

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Coates ◽  
Jane F. Sampson ◽  
Colin J. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Fragmented Landscapes

Population size and habitat disturbance are key factors likely to shape the mating system of populations in disturbed and fragmented landscapes. They would be expected to influence the availability and behaviour of the pollinator, the ability to find mates in self-incompatible species, inbreeding in self-compatible species and the size of the pollen pool. These in turn might be expected to influence key variables critical for population persistence such as seed production, seed germination and seedling fitness. Here we investigate mating-system variation in six rare species, i.e. Banksia cuneata, B. oligantha, Lambertia orbifolia (Proteaceae), Verticordia fimbrilepis subsp. fimbrilepis, Eucalyptus rameliana (Myrtaceae), Acacia sciophanes (Mimosaceae), and two common species, i.e. Calothamnus quadrifidus (Myrtaceae) and Acacia anfractuosa. All seven species are animal-pollinated relatively long-lived woody shrubs with mixed-mating systems. Population variation in mating-system parameters was investigated in relation to population size and habitat disturbance. We show that although the mating system will vary depending on pollination biology and life-history, as populations get smaller and habitat disturbance increases there is a trend towards increased inbreeding, smaller effective sizes of paternal pollen pools and greater variation in outcrossing among plants. From the species investigated in this study we have found that changes in the mating system can be useful indicators of population processes and can give valuable insight into the development of conservation strategies for the persistence of plant species following anthropogenic disturbance and landscape fragmentation.

Staying close: short local dispersal distances on a managed forest of two Patagonian Nothofagus species

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Sola ◽  
Verónica El Mujtar ◽  
Leonardo Gallo ◽  
Giovanni G Vendramin ◽  
Paula Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Understanding the impact of management on the dispersal potential of forest tree species is pivotal in the context of global change, given the implications of gene flow on species evolution. We aimed to determine the effect of logging on gene flow distances in two Nothofagus species from temperate Patagonian forests having high ecological relevance and wood quality. Therefore, a total of 778 individuals (mature trees and saplings) of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua, from a single plot managed 20 years ago (2.85 hectares), were mapped and genotyped at polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Historical estimates of gene dispersal distance (based on fine-scale spatial genetic structure) and contemporary estimates of seed and pollen dispersal (based on spatially explicit mating models) were obtained. The results indicated restricted gene flow (gene distance ≤ 45 m, both pollen and seed), no selfing and significant seed and pollen immigration from trees located outside the studied plot but in the close surrounding area. The size of trees (diameter at breast height and height) was significantly associated with female and/or male fertility. The significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with the restricted seed and pollen dispersal. Moreover, both estimates of gene dispersal (historical and contemporary) gave congruent results. This suggests that the recent history of logging within the study area has not significantly influenced on patterns of gene flow, which can be explained by the silviculture applied to the stand. The residual tree density maintained species composition, and the homogeneous spatial distribution of trees allowed the maintenance of gene dispersal. The short dispersal distance estimated for these two species has several implications both for understanding the evolution of the species and for defining management, conservation and restoration actions. Future replication of this study in other Nothofagus Patagonian forests would be helpful to validate our conclusions.

scholarly journals Contemporary gene flow and mating system of Arabis alpina in a Central European alpine landscape

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1359-1367 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Buehler ◽  
R. Graf ◽  
R. Holderegger ◽  
F. Gugerli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Central European ◽  
Contemporary Gene Flow ◽  
Arabis Alpina ◽  
Alpine Landscape

Landscape genetics of Mexican biodiversity: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Yessica Rico
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Landscape Genetics ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Contemporary Gene Flow ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Fragmentation Potential ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Ecological Landscape

The rich biodiversity of Mexico is threatened due to habitat fragmentation and climate change. Landscape genetics provides an excellent framework that integrates genetic, geographic, and ecological landscape data to inform conservation strategies. To discuss the value of landscape genetics for the study of the Mexican biota, a literature review of landscape genetics studies in Mexico was conducted to highlight trends of taxonomic groups, habitats, and research objectives. A total of 20 studies were identified: 65% in plants and 35% in animals. A large proportion of studies focused on temperate ecosystems and tropical forests, whereas marine and urban environments were lacking. Detection of linear barriers and landscape features on gene flow were the most popular objectives, while two objectives were exclusive to plants: spatial adaptive variation and estimates of contemporary gene flow with parentage analyses to evaluate effects of habitat fragmentation. Potential areas of research for landscape genetics studies in Mexico and recommendations are discussed. 

scholarly journals Logging decreases the pollen dispersal distance in a low-density population of the tree Bagassa guianensis in the Brazilian Amazon

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. B. Arruda ◽  
M. B. Silva ◽  
R. Gribel ◽  
M. R. Lemes ◽  
M. Kanashiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Pollen Flow ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Density Population

AbstractThis study investigates the distance and patterns of pollen dispersal before and after logging in a low-density population of the dioecious, insect pollinated tree species, Bagassa guianensis, in the Brazilian Amazon. All adult trees found before and after logging in a 500 ha plot were mapped and genotyped for six microsatellite loci. Seeds collected before and after logging were also sampled and genotyped. We used a categorical paternity analysis to determine seed paternity. Our results showed similar levels of pollen flow before (23%) and after logging (26%), but an increase in the mean effective pollination neighbourhood area, and a decrease in the rate of mating among relatives after logging, resulting in open pollinated seeds with lower levels of inbreeding (0.126) than before logging (0.222). We also detected changes in the mating pattern between before and after logging, a decrease in the median pollen dispersal distance and effective number of pollen donors after logging. Our results support the idea that reproductive trees should be maintained in the plot and around logged areas, using lowest levels of logging intensity to maintain pollen flow and decrease the relatedness of subsequent generations.

Patterns of mating in Persoonia mollis (Proteaceae) revealed by an analysis of paternity using AFLP: implications for conservation

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siegfried L. Krauss
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity

A detailed characterisation of mating in natural populations is desirable for the better conservation of rare or threatened taxa. The PCR-based DNA-fingerprinting technique amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) is a powerful new genetic marker for mating system analysis because it enables the unambiguous assignment of paternity to progeny. Mating patterns following natural pollination were characterised by paternity assignment using AFLP in a natural population of Persoonia mollis subsp. nectens (Proteaceae). This study serves as a comparison for future studies of the mating system of the threatened close relative P. mollis subsp. maxima. Twelve seeds from each of 21 plants (252 seeds in total) were analysed for paternity. Of these, 199 were assigned paternity unambiguously to one of the known potential sires. The remaining 53 seeds were sired by plants outside the known population. Three seeds were presumably selfed as they possessed only maternal alleles, giving a population outcrossing rate of 98.8%. Realised pollen flow distances showed a leptokurtic distribution, with a mean of 24.7 m (s.e. = 2.0; range = 0–137 m). Mean realised pollen dispersal distance to and from each plant varied markedly from 0 to 57.4 m, and was largely influenced by the immediate density of plants. The seeds of all plants had multiple sires, with an average of 5.3 sires for 10 seeds (s.e. = 0.3; range = 2–8). Individual paternal success varied from one to 24 seeds sired (mean = 9.1; s.e. = 1.2). Individual maternal success varied from a percentage fruit set of 5.2 to 37.9 (mean = 18.3; s.e. = 2.1). Male and female reproductive success, measured as the number of seeds sired and percentage fruit set, respectively, was positively correlated. Mean genetic dissimilarity among all seeds (29.1% of 151 loci polymorphic; s.e. = 0.05; n = 30 876) was not significantly different from the mean genetic dissimilarity among all adults (29.5%; s.e. = 0.5; n = 300), and indicates an overall absence of inbreeding. The active management and conservation implications of these more sensitive data include the avoidance of inbreeding in established and new populations and in ex situ collections, as well as the sensitive detection of changes in mating in disturbed populations which may indicate future genetic decline.

scholarly journals Forest corridors maintain historical gene flow in a tiger metapopulation in the highlands of central India

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20131506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Trishna Dutta ◽  
Jesús E. Maldonado ◽  
Thomas C. Wood ◽  
Hemendra Singh Panwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Central India ◽  
Population History ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Fragmented Habitat ◽  
Contemporary Gene Flow ◽  
Forest Corridors ◽  
Tiger Population

Understanding the patterns of gene flow of an endangered species metapopulation occupying a fragmented habitat is crucial for landscape-level conservation planning and devising effective conservation strategies. Tigers ( Panthera tigris ) are globally endangered and their populations are highly fragmented and exist in a few isolated metapopulations across their range. We used multi-locus genotypic data from 273 individual tigers ( Panthera tigris tigris ) from four tiger populations of the Satpura–Maikal landscape of central India to determine whether the corridors in this landscape are functional. This 45 000 km 2 landscape contains 17% of India's tiger population and 12% of its tiger habitat. We applied Bayesian and coalescent-based analyses to estimate contemporary and historical gene flow among these populations and to infer their evolutionary history. We found that the tiger metapopulation in central India has high rates of historical and contemporary gene flow. The tests for population history reveal that tigers populated central India about 10 000 years ago. Their population subdivision began about 1000 years ago and accelerated about 200 years ago owing to habitat fragmentation, leading to four spatially separated populations. These four populations have been in migration–drift equilibrium maintained by high gene flow. We found the highest rates of contemporary gene flow in populations that are connected by forest corridors. This information is highly relevant to conservation practitioners and policy makers, because deforestation, road widening and mining are imminent threats to these corridors.

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