scholarly journals Blood markers of endothelial dysfunction and their correlation to cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10723
Author(s):  
Mirela Pavicic Ivelja ◽  
Kresimir Dolic ◽  
Leida Tandara ◽  
Nikola Perkovic ◽  
Antonio Mestrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Endothelial Markers ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Although liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are major consequences of hepatitis C (HCV), there has been an increasing number of studies examining extrahepatic manifestations, especially those caused by systemic chronic inflammation and metabolic complications that might predispose HCV patients to atherosclerosis and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). The aim of our study was to assess E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and VEGF-A serum levels in patients with chronic HCV infection and to correlate them with cerebrovascular reactivity. A blood sample was taken from eighteen patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and from the same number of healthy blood donors in the control group. The aim was to analyse markers of endothelial dysfunction and to correlate them with cerebrovascular reactivity expressed as breath-holding index (BHI) determined using transcranial color Doppler. The obtained results revealed significant differences between the groups in all endothelial markers except for the E selectin. While the ICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 were significantly increased in the hepatitis group, VEGF-A was significantly decreased. A significant reduction of 0.5 (95% CI 0.2, 0.8) in the mean BHI was found in the hepatitis group (mean BHI 0.64) compared to controls (mean BHI 1.10). No significant association between the BHI and any of the endothelial markers was found in the control group, while in the hepatitis group, the scatter plot of ICAM-1 vs BHI suggested that the association might be present. In conclusion, the results of this study confirm an association between a chronic HCV infection and altered cerebrovascular reactivity as well as higher levels of markers of endothelial activation (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) as possible indicators of an increased CVD risk.

scholarly journals Is Being a Prisoner, Indigenous or Having a Psychiatric Illness an Acceptable Limitation to Treatment Access for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
James Elliott ◽  
Gaffney L.
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Treatment Access ◽  
Decompensated Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Treatment Uptake ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

170 million people worldwide are infected with chronic hepatitis c virus (HCV) [1]. There are an estimated 226700 people infected in Australia and it is the most common indication for liver transplantation in this country [2]. Despite this, overall treatment uptake remains low at <2% of patients infected undergoing treatment per year [3]. Rates of admission to hospital with decompensated liver cirrhosis are expected to increase by 190% by 2030 [4]. Cure of chronic HCV infection requires complex treatment regimens for several months.

scholarly journals Current and Emerging Therapeutic Regimens for Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Pejman Solaimani ◽  
Christopher Hogan ◽  
Matthew Chin ◽  
Juan L Miranda ◽  
Douglas L Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Pegylated Interferon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Pegylated Interferon Alpha ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

With 5.2 million people living with Hepatitis C, it is the most common blood-borne infection in the United States. Untreated chronic HCV infection may result in adverse consequences such as cirrhosis, portal hypertension, hepatic failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Previously approved treatments include Pegylated-interferon alpha-2a/2b plus ribavirin, Boceprevir and Telaprevir. Recently approved medications include Sofosbuvir (SOF), Simeprevir (SMV), Ledispavir-Sofosbuvir (Harvoni®) and Ombitasvir-paritaprevir-ritonavir with dasabuvir tablets (Viekira Pak). Here we review the literature describing the current and emerging therapies for chronic hepatitis C.

scholarly journals Intrahepatic TLR3 and IFNL3 Expressions Are Associated with Stages of Fibrosis in Chronic Hepatitis C

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Keyla Santos Guedes de Sá ◽  
Ednelza da Silva Graça Amoras ◽  
Simone Regina Souza da Silva Conde ◽  
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz ◽  
Izaura Maria Vieira Cayres-Vallinoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Chronic Hcv

An inefficient immune response against the hepatitis C virus (HCV), combined with viral evasion mechanisms, is responsible for the chronicity of infection. The need to evaluate the innate mechanisms of the immune response, such as TLR3 and IFN-λ3, and their relationship with the virus–host interaction is important for understanding the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C. The present study aimed to investigate the gene expressions of TRL3 and IFNL3 in liver tissue, seeking to evaluate whether these could be potential biomarkers of HCV infection. A total of 23 liver biopsy samples were collected from patients with chronic HCV, and 8 biopsies were collected from healthy control patients. RNA extraction, reverse transcription and qPCR were performed to quantify the relative gene expressions of TLR3 and IFNL3. Data on the viral load; AST, ALT, GGT and AFP levels; and the viral genotype were collected from the patients′ medical records. The intrahepatic expression of TLR3 (p = 0.0326) was higher in chronic HCV carriers than in the control group, and the expression of IFNL3 (p = 0.0037) was lower in chronic HCV carriers than in the healthy control group. The expression levels of TLR3 (p = 0.0030) and IFNL3 (p = 0.0036) were higher in the early stages of fibrosis and of necroinflammatory activity in the liver; in contrast, TLR3 and IFNL3 expressions were lower in the more advanced stages of fibrosis and inflammation. There was no correlation between the gene expression and the serum viral load. Regarding the initial METAVIR scale scores, liver transaminase levels were lower in patients with advanced fibrosis when correlated with TLR3 and IFNL3 gene expressions. The results suggest that in the early stages of the development of hepatic fibrosis, TLR3 and IFN-λ3 play important roles in the antiviral response and in the modulation of the tolerogenic liver environment because there is a decrease in the intrahepatic expressions of TLR3 and IFNL3 in the advanced stages of fibrosis, probably due to viral evasion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Newer molecules and new hopes in the management of chronic hepatitis C

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Author(s):  
Showkat Ali Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Antiviral Therapies ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Chronic hepatitis C is highly prevalent with prevalence rate of around 3% involving about 180 million people worldwide, despite major advances in its understanding of viral 1 pathogenesis and significant evolution in antiviral therapies. Most of the patients develop chronic infection because the virus evades the host immune response in majority of patients. Chronic HCV infection can lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Complications of HCV-related cirrhosis are the leading indication for liver transplantation in United States and Europe...... J Med Sci 2010;13(2): 39-40.

scholarly journals Liver Biopsies for Chronic Hepatitis C: Should Nonultrasound-Guided Biopsies Be Abandoned?

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Flemming ◽  
David J Hurlbut ◽  
Ben Mussari ◽  
Lawrence C Hookey
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Chronic Hcv

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Liver biopsy has been the gold standard for grading and staging chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-mediated liver injury. Traditionally, this has been performed by trained practitioners using a nonimage-guided percutaneous technique at the bedside. Recent literature suggests an expanding role for radiologists in obtaining biopsies using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique. The present study was undertaken study to determine if the two techniques produced liver biopsy specimens of similar quality and hypothesized that at our institution, non-US-guided percutaneous liver biopsies for HCV would be of higher quality than US-guided specimens.METHODS: Liver biopsies from 100 patients with chronic HCV infection (50 consecutive US-guided and 50 consecutive non-US-guided), were retrospectively identified using a hospital histopathology database. All original biopsy slides were coded and prospectively reanalyzed by a single hepatopathologist who was blinded to the technique used in obtaining the biopsy. Additionally, all liver biopsies for chronic HCV infection completed at the centre from 1998 to 2007 were identified and the technique used was recorded. Biopsy quality was determined primarily by the number of complete portal tracts (CPTs) identifiable in the slides. The total length of specimen and the degree of fragmentation were secondary outcome measures.RESULTS: There was a slight difference observed between the US-guided and non-US-guided groups in mean age (46.3 years versus 42.5 years, repectively; P=0.018) but no differences in sex, presence of cirrhosis, bilirubin, creatinine, international normalized ratio, and grade or stage of disease. Biopsies obtained using the US-guided technique produced higher quality specimens than the non-US-guided technique based on our primary outcome of number of CPTs in the biopsy (11.8 versus 7.4; P<0.001). US-guided specimens also were longer (24.4 mm versus 19.7 mm; P=0.001), had less fragmentation (P=0.016), and a higher overall histopathological quality assessment (P=0.026) than the non-US-guided biopsies. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the ability to grade and stage the disease (96% US-guided versus 90% in non-US-guided (P=0.20). Over a 10-year period, 763 biopsies for chronic HCV infection were identified with an obvious trend toward the increased use of US-guided technique observed at 2% in 1998 to 85% in 2007.CONCLUSIONS: US-guided liver biopsies for chronic HCV are the most common method of obtaining specimens at the Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, and are of higher quality than non-US-guided specimens. However, there is no significant difference in the two techniques in the ability to grade and stage chronic HCV.

scholarly journals The Correlation between miR-122 and Lipoprotein Lipase Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Sidorkiewicz ◽  
Martyna Grek-Kowalinska ◽  
Anna Piekarska
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Lipoprotein Metabolism ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Liver Biopsies ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Chronic HCV infection is strictly associated with host lipid/lipoprotein metabolism disorders. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between viral load, lipid profile, IFNγ, and the expression of miR-122 and LPL in the liver and PBMCs. Sera, PBMCs, and matching liver biopsies from 17 chronic hepatitis C patients were enrolled in this study. Collected data shows that liver (not PBMCs) miR-122 expression is positively correlated with HCV RNA load and IFNγ and reversely with LPL expression in CHC patients. Presented, for the first time, in this study, the reverse correlation of miR-122 and LPL expression in liver; miR-122 and LPL seem to be important factors of CHC infection.

scholarly journals Interferon treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection in hemophiliacs-- influence of virus load, genotype, and liver pathology on response

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hanley ◽  
LM Jarvis ◽  
J Andrew ◽  
R Dennis ◽  
PC Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Virus Load ◽  
Chronic Hcv

In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of interferon treatment in 31 hemophiliacs with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Interferon alfa-2a (3 MU three times weekly) was administered for 6 months. Response was assessed by both serial alanine transaminase (ALT) and HCV RNA levels measured by a sensitive semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. HCV genotype was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and evidence of changing genotypes during interferon therapy was sought. Severity of liver disease was assessed by both noninvasive and invasive methods, including laparoscopic liver inspection and biopsy. Sustained normalization of ALT levels occurred in eight patients (28%), and seven (24%) became nonviremic as assessed by PCR (<80 HCV/mL). Responders universally cleared HCV RNA within 2 months of starting interferon. Genotype 3a was associated with a favorable response to interferon. No evidence was found for a change in circulating genotype in patients who failed to respond to interferon or who relapsed. This study confirms that response rates to interferon are low in hemophiliacs as compared with other groups with chronic HCV infection. We have also demonstrated that virus load measurement over the first 8 to 12 weeks of treatment is an extremely useful method to identify responders at an early stage.

scholarly journals Chronic HCV - infection in the Kirov region: Dynamics of indices of disease in adults in 1995-2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
S. V Baramzina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
The Given ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

In the given article the analysis of an epidemiological situation concerning chronic forms of HCV infections in adults in the Kirov region in 1995-2010 is presented. In the region during analyzed period stable trend to the elevation of incidence of chronic hepatitis C and a slight decrease in the number of "carriers" of HCV on the background of steadily low indices of the occurrence of acute hepatitis C have been fixed. There are also presented the results of genotyping of HCV-virus in 730 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated at the Kirov Region infectious hospital and polyclinics in Kirov with the dominance of HCV subtypes 1b and 3a .

Patterns of Deranged Lipid Profiles in Patients of Chronic Hepatitis C

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin Masud ◽  
Lala Rukh Bangash ◽  
Sami Ullah Mumtaz ◽  
Somia Iqtadar ◽  
Tayyeba Komal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Chronic Hcv

Liver plays an important role in lipid metabolism and any acute or chronic malfunction of theliver due to viral hepatitis or liver cirrhosis may induce lipid derangements Objective: To determine thepatterns of deranged lipid profiles in patients of chronic hepatitis C Methods: It is a prospective,observational study, conducted at Medicine Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e.1stJanuary to 30th June 2018. After the ethical approval, 160 diagnosed cases of chronic hepatitis C of ages18-70 years of either gender were selected by non-probability purposive sampling. Informed writtenconsent was taken. Demographic information such as name, age and gender were recorded. Venous bloodsamples from patients after 10 to 14 hours of fasting were drawn for lipid profiles and sent to pathologylaboratory. All results were expressed as mg/dl. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 Results: Out of160 patients in this study, there were 94 males and 66 females. Total cholesterol was lower in 62.5%patients, normal in 33.75% patients and higher in 3.75% patients. Triglycerides levels were low in 66.25%,normal in 33.125%, and high in 0.625% patients. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were low in 82.5%patients, normal in 10% and raised in 7.5% patients. High density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were low in 95%,normal in 4.375% & high in 0.625% patients Conclusions: Low levels of serum lipids including totalcholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and HDL are seen in population suffering from chronic HCV infection.

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