scholarly journals Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of dust fall related to industrial activities in desert steppes

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12430
Author(s):  
Zhe Xu ◽  
Wenbao Mi ◽  
Nan Mi ◽  
Xingang Fan ◽  
Ying Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
Dust Fall ◽  
Desert Steppes

China’s desert steppe is the transition zone between the grasslands in central China and the arid desert. Ecological security in this region has long been a subject of debate, both in the local and academic communities. Heavy metals and other pollutants are readily released during industrial production, combustion, and transportation, aggravating the vulnerability of the desert steppes. To understand the impact of industrial activiteis on the heavy metal content of dust fall in the desert steppe, a total of 37 dust fall samples were collected over 90 days. An inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer (NexION 350X) was used to measure the concentration of heavy metals Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Co, and Zn in the dust. Using comprehensive pollution index and multivariate statistical analysis methods, we explored the characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution. We also quantitatively assessed the carcinogenic risks of heavy metals resulting from dust reduction with the help of health risk assessment models. The heavy metals’ comprehensive pollution index values in the study area’s dust fall were ranked as follows: Zn > Cd > Pb > Mn > Cu > Co > Cr. Among these, Zn, Cd, and Pb were significant pollution factors in the study area, and were affected by industrial production and transportation. The high pollution index was concentrated in the north of the research industrial park and on both sides of a highway. The seven heavy metals’ total non-carcinogenic risk index (HI) values were ranked as follows: Mn > Co > Pb > Zn > Cr > Cu > Cd (only the HI of Mn was greater than one). Excluding Mn, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk index values of the other six heavy metals were within acceptable ranges. Previous studies have also shown that industrial transportation and production have had a significant impact on the heavy metal content of dust fall in the desert steppe.

scholarly journals Distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in major rivers in Wuhan, China

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11853
Author(s):  
Xingyong Zhang ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Shilin Gao ◽  
Zhuhong Wang ◽  
Shouyang He
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Source Water Quality

Heavy metals are released into the water system through various natural processes and anthropogenic activities, thus indirectly or directly endangering human health. The distribution, source, water quality and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Mo, Sb) in major rivers in Wuhan were analyzed by correlation analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), heavy metal pollution index (HPI), hazard index (HI) and carcinogenic risk (CR). The results showed that the spatial variability of heavy metal contents was pronounced. PCA and CA results indicated that natural sources controlled Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Mo, and industrial emissions were the dominant factor for V, Zn and Sb, while As was mainly from the mixed input of urban and agricultural activities. According to the heavy metal pollution index (HPI, ranging from 23.74 to 184.0) analysis, it should be noted that As and Sb contribute most of the HPI values. The health risk assessment using HI and CR showed that V and Sb might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk and As might have a potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children in the study area (CR value exceeded target risk 10−4). At the same time, it was worth noting that As might have a potential non-carcinogenic risk for children around QLR (HI value exceeded the threshold value 1). The secular variation of As and Sb should be monitor in high-risk areas. The results of this study can provide important data for improving water resources management efficiency and heavy metal pollution prevention in Wuhan.

scholarly journals Implementation of an Integrated Health Risk Assessment Coupled with Spatial Interpolation and Source Apportionment: A Case Study of Soil Heavy Metals, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Miao ◽  
Yimei Zhang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Qinglu Fang ◽  
Yinzhuang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Health Risk Index

Abstract Soil heavy metal contaminated sites with multiple sources of pollution have caused worldwide public concern. However, the lack of correlation of risk assessment between source identification of heavy metal led to unclear direction of source governance. A methodology was established by combining source apportionment of human health risks with ecological enrichment to characterize source-identified risks of heavy metals based on Ordinary kriging interplotation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to identify and classify potential sources of heavy metals synthetically. The integrated results were incorporated into the health risk model to evaluate potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk of soil heavy metals. A case study was conducted in Suzhou city of China. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Hg were highly above the background values, accounting for percentages of 239.6% and 415.9% above background values, respectively. The source contributed human health risk index of As contributed 76.9% to non-carcinogenic risk by pollutant sources of agriculture activities. The Non-cancer health risk index for children and adults was 1.08 and 1.00 respectively. The cancer health risk was 3.67E-03 for children and 3.97E-04 for adults. Cr originated from indutriy activities, accounting for 29.5% of total heavy metals, and constituted the largest carcinogenic impact on the population. This study provided a new insight for the treatment of mutil-sources of soil heavy metal pollution and also some reference value for the improvement of the risk assessment system.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Assessment of Petroleum Activities in Surface Sediments, Suez Gulf, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Magda M. Abou El-Safa ◽  
Mohamed Gad ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
Ashwaq M. Alnemari ◽  
Mohammed H. Almarshadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Suez Gulf

The present study focuses on the risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems by evaluating the current situation of heavy metals in seven locations (North Amer El Bahry, Amer, Bakr, Ras Gharib, July Water Floud, Ras Shokeir, and El Marageen) along the Suez Gulf coast that are well-known representative sites for petroleum activities in Egypt. One hundred and forty-six samples of surface sediments were carefully collected from twenty-seven profiles in the intertidal and surf zone. The hydrochemical parameters, such as pH and salinity (S‰), were measured during sample collection. The mineralogy study was carried out by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectra (ICP-MS). The ecological risks of heavy metals were assessed by applying the contamination factor (CF), enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI). The mineralogical composition mainly comprised quartz, dolomites, calcite, and feldspars. The average concentrations of the detected heavy metals, in descending order, were Al > Fe > Mn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd. A non-significant or negative relationship between the heavy metal concentration in the samples and their textural grain size characteristics was observed. The coastal surface sediment samples of the Suez Gulf contained lower concentrations of heavy metals than those published for other regions in the world with petroleum activities, except for Al, Mn, and Cr. The results for the CF, EF, and Igeo showed that Cd and Pb have severe enrichment in surface sediment and are derived from anthropogenic sources, while Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn originate from natural sources. By comparison, the PLI and RI results indicate that the North Amer El Bahry and July Water Floud are considered polluted areas due to their petroleum activities. The continuous monitoring and assessment of pollutants in the Suez Gulf will aid in the protection of the environment and the sustainability of resources.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Distribution, Sources, and Ecological Risk Assessment in Huixian Wetland, South China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Liangliang Huang ◽  
Saeed Rad ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Liangying Gui ◽  
Xiaohong Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
South China ◽  
Ecological Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources

This research has focused on the source identification, concentration, and ecological risk assessment of eight heavy metals in the largest karst wetland (Huixian) of south China. Numerous samples from superficial soil and sediment within ten representative landuse types were collected and examined, and the results were analyzed using multiple methods. Single pollution index (Pi) results were underpinned by the Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) method, in which Cd was observed as the priority pollutant with the highest contamination degree in this area. As for the most polluted landuse type, via applying Nemerow’s synthetical contamination index (PN) and Potential ecological risk index (RI), the river and rape field posed the highest ecological risks, while moderate for the rest. To quantify the drivers of the contaminants, a principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out and weathering of the watershed’s parent carbonate rocks was found to be the main possible origin, followed by anthropogenic sources induced by agricultural fertilizer. Considering the impacts of these potentially toxic elements on public health, the results of this study are essential to take preventive actions for environmental protection and sustainable development in the region.

scholarly journals Historical Evolution of Sources and Pollution Levels of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of the Shuanglong Reservoir, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zike Zhou ◽  
Yongping Wang ◽  
Haowei Teng ◽  
Hao Yang ◽  
Aiju Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk Index ◽  
Pollution Levels

In this study, the concentrations of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Pb) and Pb isotope in a sediment core from the Shuanglong reservoir, Southwestern China, were investigated. Based on the constant rate of supply (CRS) model, the age span of a 60 cm sediment sample was determined to range from the years 1944 to 2015. Combined with chronology and heavy metal content, the evolution of the sources and pollution levels of heavy metals showed a changing trend composed of various stages. The sources of heavy metals transitioned from natural origins in 1944–1964 to industrial origins in 1965–2004. The subsequent reduction in heavy metal content was mainly due to the vigorous implementation of environmental protection policies from 2005 to 2012. In recent years (2013–2015), the heavy metal content has increased due to frequent human activity. Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis, and the coefficient of variation (CV) analysis indicated that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As were derived from natural processes, Pb mainly came from automobile manufacturing, and Hg was mainly from industrial sources. The values of the geo-accumulation index (Ig), single pollution index (Pi), and single potential ecological risk index (Er) showed that the contamination of Hg and Pb was slight to moderate. Moreover, the values of the potential ecological risk index (RI), pollution load index (PLI), and Nemerow index (PN) indicated that the Shuanglong reservoir is under low ecological risk.

The Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Seawater of the Oil Spill Area in Bohai Bay (China) during the Summer

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 500-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wei Wang ◽  
Duan Bo Cai ◽  
Rui Yin ◽  
Yu Jing Dong ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Surface Seawater ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Seawater Samples

There were 28 seawater samples collected from seawater of the oil spill area in Bohai Bay (China) during summer, 2013. The content of heavy metal was measured. The order of content from high to low was Zn, Cu, Cr, As, Pb, Cd, Hg, Zn, Cu in surface seawater. The order was Zn, Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Hg in the bottom. There was little difference between heavy metal content in the bottom and on the surface. According to the pollution index of points, sampling points are not affected by Cr and As; As for Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Hg, there were different effects on the sea seawater in Bohai Bay.

scholarly journals Hazardous Heavy Metals Accumulation and Health Risk Assessment of Different Vegetable Species in Contaminated Soils from a Typical Mining City, Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2617
Author(s):  
Zhen Wang ◽  
Jianguo Bao ◽  
Tong Wang ◽  
Haseeb Tufail Moryani ◽  
Wei Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Central China ◽  
Crop Species

Heavy metal poisoning has caused serious and widespread human tragedies via the food chain. To alleviate heavy metal pollution, particular attention should be paid to low accumulating vegetables and crops. In this study, the concentrations of five hazardous heavy metals (HMs), including copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) were determined from soils, vegetables, and crops near four typical mining and smelting zones. Nemerow’s synthetical pollution index (Pn), Potential ecological risk index (RI), and Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were used to characterize the pollution degrees. The results showed that soils near mining and metal smelting zones were heavily polluted by Cu, Cd, As, and Pb. The total excessive rate followed a decreasing order of Cd (80.00%) > Cu (61.11%) > As (45.56%) > Pb (32.22%) > Cr (0.00%). Moreover, sources identification indicated that Cu, Pb, Cd, and As may originate from anthropogenic activities, while Cr may originate from parent materials. The exceeding rates of Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, and As were 6.7%, 6.7%, 66.7%, 80.0%, and 26.7% among the vegetable and crop species, respectively. Particularly, vegetables like tomatoes, bell peppers, white radishes, and asparagus, revealed low accumulation characteristics. In addition, the hazard index (HI) for vegetables and crops of four zones was greater than 1, revealing a higher risk to the health of local children near the mine and smelter. However, the solanaceous fruit has a low-risk index (HI), indicating that it is a potentially safe vegetable type.

scholarly journals Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals from cement factory dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Firouzeh Yadegarnia Naeini ◽  
Hamidreza Azimzadeh ◽  
Asghar Mosleh Arani ◽  
Ahad Sotoudeh ◽  
Bahman Kian
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Risk Potential

Background: The release of metals from industrial factories is one of the most important sources ofenvironmental pollution. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals likecadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in dust around the cementfactory.Methods: A total of 22 dust samples were collected from areas around the cement factory in Isfahanprovince in spring and summer and transferred to laboratory for chemical digestion. Risk index (RI),integrated pollution index (IPI), mean of contamination degree (mCd), and contamination factor (Cfi)were calculated to determine the contamination status.Results: The concentration of heavy metals in the falling dust around the factory was expressed as Cd<Ni <Pb <Mn <Cr. Pearson correlation showed that there is only a significant negative relationshipbetween the concentration of Cd and the distance from the factory. By increasing the distance from thefactory, the concentration of Cd in dust decreased. The results of falling dust analysis showed that Crhas a high-risk potential in two seasons of spring and summer and Cd has a middle level of pollutionin spring.Conclusion: According to the results, the deposited dust of study area is considered as a polluted dustand it is at higher risk of pollution with Cd and Cr.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Environmental Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in an Abandoned Dye Factory of China Using SERA Methodology Based on Source Apportionment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Miao ◽  
Yimei Zhang ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Yaxiao Duan ◽  
Yuxian Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Pollutant Sources

Abstract Soil heavy metal contaminated sites with multiple sources of pollution have caused worldwide public concern. However, the lack of correlation of risk assessment or source identification of heavy metal leads to unclear direction of source governance. Although previous studies have involved different risk assessment, few attempts have been made to establish a link between them. In order to design a comprehensive risk assessment system, it is necessary to identify the specific source risks and the correlation and comparison between environmental risk assessment. In this paper, a methodology was established by combining source apportionment of ecological risks and human health risks (SERA) to characterize the sources and source-specific risks of heavy metals in soil. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model was used to identify and classify potential sources of heavy metals in the study area. According to the results, they will be incorporated into the environmental risk model to evaluate environmental risk of the identified sources of heavy metals. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Hg were highly above the background values, indicating a moderate enrichment. It was worth noting that the source contributed ecological risk index (SCEI) of Hg, with the value of 51.16 contributed mainly by the pollutant sources of waste treatment, has reached moderate ecological risk. The SCEI of Cd contributed by industrial activities (the wastewater and dyeing process) showed the most predominant source of contribution. The source contributed human health risk index (SCHI) of As contributed most by pollutant sources of agriculture activities. Overall, the modified total health risk posed by soil heavy metals SCHI was 1.11E+00, showing potential risk to the residents. This study provides a new insight for the treatment of mutil-sources of soil heavy metal pollution and also some reference value for the improvement of the risk assessment system.the main finding: Exploring a methodology (SERA) to quantitatively characterize the relationship between pollutants sources and environmental risk assessment based on source contribution.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Ecological Risks of Heavy Metals of Urban Soils in Different Functional Areas Based on Plasma Technology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Ting Jin ◽  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Quan Xu ◽  
Li-Ping Xu ◽  
De-Zheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Manas River Basin ◽  
Functional Areas

Abstract Heavy metal pollution in soil has become a global environmental problem in recent years. This study assessed heavy metals' pollution distribution, level and ecological risk in soils from different functional areas in Shihezi City, China. Heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd) were measured using atmospheric pressure discharge plasma and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The mean concentration of all heavy metals in soil was higher than heavy metals' background values. The spatial distribution of Cr is the most different, and the distribution of Cu and Zn are similar in other functional regions. The single pollution index indicated that the heavy metals in industrial, traffic, and residential areas were enriched, and the pollution of Cd was more severe than others. The Nemerow pollution index showed that the near Manas River basin coast is alert (still clean), the industrial area is moderately polluted, and all other functional areas are lightly polluted. The potential ecological risk index demonstrated that only the nearshore Manas River Basin is at a mild ecological risk level, while all other functional areas are at a moderate ecological risk level. The determinate power of DEM, temperature, and precipitation were all over 65%, which meant that the topographic and climatic factors were the main factors affecting the change of heavy metal content. Secondly, socio-economic factors are important factors to promote the change of heavy metal content in soil.

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