scholarly journals The genome and transcriptome ofPhalaenopsisyield insights into floral organ development and flowering regulation

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Zhi Huang ◽  
Chih-Peng Lin ◽  
Ting-Chi Cheng ◽  
Ya-Wen Huang ◽  
Yi-Jung Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Flowering Regulation

ThePhalaenopsisorchid is an important potted flower of high economic value around the world. We report the 3.1 Gb draft genome assembly of an important winter floweringPhalaenopsis‘KHM190’ cultivar. We generated 89.5 Gb RNA-seq and 113 million sRNA-seq reads to use these data to identify 41,153 protein-coding genes and 188 miRNA families. We also generated a draft genome forPhalaenopsis pulcherrima‘B8802,’ a summer flowering species, via resequencing. Comparison of genome data between the twoPhalaenopsiscultivars allowed the identification of 691,532 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we reveal that the key role ofPhAGL6bin the regulation of labellum organ development involves alternative splicing in the big lip mutant. Petal or sepal overexpressingPhAGL6bleads to the conversion into a lip-like structure. We also discovered that the gibberellin pathway that regulates the expression of flowering time genes during the reproductive phase change is induced by cool temperature. Our work thus depicted a valuable resource for the flowering control, flower architecture development, and breeding of thePhalaenopsisorchids.

scholarly journals The genome and transcriptome of the Phalaenopsis yield insights into floral organ development and flowering regulation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Zhi Huang ◽  
Chih-Peng Lin ◽  
Ting-Chi Cheng ◽  
Ya-Wen Huang ◽  
Yi-Jung Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Phalaenopsis orchid is an important potted flower with high economic value around the world. We report the 3.1 Gb draft genome assembly of an important winter flowering Phalaenopsis ‘KHM190’ cultivar. We generated 89.5 Gb RNA-seq and 113 million sRNA-seq reads to use these data to identify 41,153 protein-coding genes and 188 miRNA families. We also generated a draft genome for Phalaenopsis pulcherrima ‘B8802’, a summer flowering species, via resequencing. Comparison of genome data between the two Phalaenopsis cultivars allowed the identification of 691,532 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we reveal the key role of PhAGL6b in the regulation of flower organ development involves alternative splicing. We also show gibberellin pathways that regulate the expression of genes control flowering time during the stage in reproductive phase change induced by cool temperature. Our work should contribute a valuable resource for the flowering control, flower architecture development, and breeding of the Phalaenopsis orchids.

scholarly journals The genome and transcriptome of the Phalaenopsis yield insights into floral organ development and flowering regulation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Zhi Huang ◽  
Chih-Peng Lin ◽  
Ting-Chi Cheng ◽  
Ya-Wen Huang ◽  
Yi-Jung Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Organ Development ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Phalaenopsis orchid is an important potted flower with high economic value around the world. We report the 3.1 Gb draft genome assembly of an important winter flowering Phalaenopsis ‘KHM190’ cultivar. We generated 89.5 Gb RNA-seq and 113 million sRNA-seq reads to use these data to identify 41,153 protein-coding genes and 188 miRNA families. We also generated a draft genome for Phalaenopsis pulcherrima ‘B8802’, a summer flowering species, via resequencing. Comparison of genome data between the two Phalaenopsis cultivars allowed the identification of 691,532 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. In this study, we reveal the key role of PhAGL6b in the regulation of flower organ development involves alternative splicing. We also show gibberellin pathways that regulate the expression of genes control flowering time during the stage in reproductive phase change induced by cool temperature. Our work should contribute a valuable resource for the flowering control, flower architecture development, and breeding of the Phalaenopsis orchids.

scholarly journals Draft genome assembly and population genetics of an agricultural pollinator, the solitary alkali bee (Halictidae: Nomia melanderi)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Kapheim ◽  
Hailin Pan ◽  
Cai Li ◽  
Charles Blatti ◽  
Brock A. Harpur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Insect Sociality ◽  
Low Coverage

AbstractAlkali bees (Nomia melanderi) are solitary relatives of the halictine bees, which have become an important model for the evolution of social behavior, but for which few solitary comparisons exist. These ground-nesting bees defend their developing offspring against pathogens and predators, and thus exhibit some of the key traits that preceded insect sociality. Alkali bees are also efficient native pollinators of alfalfa seed, which is a crop of major economic value in the United States. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated a high-quality draft genome of 299.6 Mbp for this species. Repetitive content makes up more than one-third of this genome, and previously uncharacterized transposable elements are the most abundant type of repetitive DNA. We predicted 10,847 protein coding genes, and identify 479 of these undergoing positive directional selection with the use of population genetic analysis based on low-coverage whole genome sequencing of 19 individuals. We found evidence of recent population bottlenecks, but no significant evidence of population structure. We also identify 45 genes enriched for protein translation and folding, transcriptional regulation, and triglyceride metabolism evolving slower in alkali bees compared to other halictid bees. These resources will be useful for future studies of bee comparative genomics and pollinator health research.

scholarly journals Genome assembly of the Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) reveals a fragmented IHHNV EVE sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Huerlimann ◽  
Jeff A Cowley ◽  
Nicholas M Wade ◽  
Yinan Wang ◽  
Naga Kasinadhuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Black Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Repeat Content ◽  
Tiger Shrimp ◽  
Endogenous Viral Elements

Shrimp are a valuable aquaculture species globally; however, disease remains a major hindrance to shrimp aquaculture sustainability and growth. Mechanisms mediated by endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been proposed as a means by which shrimp that encounter a new virus start to accommodate rather than succumb to infection over time. However, evidence on the nature of such EVEs and how they mediate viral accommodation is limited. More extensive genomic data on Penaeid shrimp from different geographical locations should assist in exposing the diversity of EVEs. In this context, reported here is a PacBio Sequel-based draft genome assembly of an Australian black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) inbred for one generation. The 1.89 Gbp draft genome is comprised of 31,922 scaffolds (N50: 496,398 bp) covering 85.9% of the projected genome size. The genome repeat content (61.8% with 30% representing simple sequence repeats) is almost the highest identified for any species. The functional annotation identified 35,517 gene models, of which 25,809 were protein-coding and 17,158 were annotated using interproscan. Scaffold scanning for specific EVEs identified an element comprised of a 9,045 bp stretch of repeated, inverted and jumbled genome fragments of Infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) bounded by a repeated 591/590 bp host sequence. As only near complete linear ~4 kb IHHNV genomes have been found integrated in the genome of P. monodon previously, its discovery has implications regarding the validity of PCR tests designed to specifically detect such linear EVE types. The existence of conjoined inverted IHHNV genome fragments also provides a means by which hairpin dsRNAs could be expressed and processed by the shrimp RNA interference (RNAi) machinery.

scholarly journals A New High-Quality Draft Genome Assembly of the Chinese Cordyceps Ophiocordyceps sinensis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1074-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihao Shu ◽  
Jihong Zhang ◽  
Qian Meng ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
Guiling Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Ophiocordyceps Sinensis ◽  
Homologous Protein ◽  
Genome Features

Abstract Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Berk.) is an entomopathogenic fungus endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. It parasitizes and mummifies the underground ghost moth larvae, then produces a fruiting body. The fungus-insect complex, called Chinese cordyceps or “DongChongXiaCao,” is not only a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, but also a major source of income for numerous Himalayan residents. Here, taking advantage of rapid advances in single-molecule sequencing, we assembled a highly contiguous genome assembly of O. sinensis. The assembly of 23 contigs was ∼110.8 Mb with a N50 length of 18.2 Mb. We used RNA-seq and homologous protein sequences to identify 8,916 protein-coding genes in the IOZ07 assembly. Moreover, 63 secondary metabolite gene clusters were identified in the improved assembly. The improved assembly and genome features described in this study will further inform the evolutionary study and resource utilization of Chinese cordyceps.

scholarly journals Draft genome sequence of Solanum aethiopicum provides insights into disease resistance, drought tolerance, and the evolution of the genome

GigaScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Song ◽  
Yue Song ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Elizabeth Balyejusa Kizito ◽  
Sandra Ndagire Kamenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

Abstract Background The African eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) is a nutritious traditional vegetable used in many African countries, including Uganda and Nigeria. It is thought to have been domesticated in Africa from its wild relative, Solanum anguivi. S. aethiopicum has been routinely used as a source of disease resistance genes for several Solanaceae crops, including Solanum melongena. A lack of genomic resources has meant that breeding of S. aethiopicum has lagged behind other vegetable crops. Results We assembled a 1.02-Gb draft genome of S. aethiopicum, which contained predominantly repetitive sequences (78.9%). We annotated 37,681 gene models, including 34,906 protein-coding genes. Expansion of disease resistance genes was observed via 2 rounds of amplification of long terminal repeat retrotransposons, which may have occurred ∼1.25 and 3.5 million years ago, respectively. By resequencing 65 S. aethiopicum and S. anguivi genotypes, 18,614,838 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, of which 34,171 were located within disease resistance genes. Analysis of domestication and demographic history revealed active selection for genes involved in drought tolerance in both “Gilo” and “Shum” groups. A pan-genome of S. aethiopicum was assembled, containing 51,351 protein-coding genes; 7,069 of these genes were missing from the reference genome. Conclusions The genome sequence of S. aethiopicum enhances our understanding of its biotic and abiotic resistance. The single-nucleotide polymorphisms identified are immediately available for use by breeders. The information provided here will accelerate selection and breeding of the African eggplant, as well as other crops within the Solanaceae family.

scholarly journals Genomics and introgression: Discovery and mapping of thousands of species-diagnostic SNPs using RAD sequencing

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. Hand ◽  
Tyler D. Hether ◽  
Ryan P. Kovach ◽  
Clint C. Muhlfeld ◽  
Stephen J. Amish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Rad Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Introduced Fish ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Diagnostic Snps

Abstract Invasive hybridization and introgression pose a serious threat to the persistence of many native species. Understanding the effects of hybridization on native populations (e.g., fitness consequences) requires numerous species-diagnostic loci distributed genome-wide. Here we used RAD sequencing to discover thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are diagnostic between rainbow trout (RBT, Oncorhynchus mykiss), the world’s most widely introduced fish, and native westslope cutthroat trout (WCT, O. clarkii lewisi) in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We advanced previous work that identified 4,914 species-diagnostic loci by using longer sequence reads (100 bp vs. 60 bp) and a larger set of individuals (n = 84). We sequenced RAD libraries for individuals from diverse sampling sources, including native populations of WCT and hatchery broodstocks of WCT and RBT. We also took advantage of a newly released reference genome assembly for RBT to align our RAD loci. In total, we discovered 16,788 putatively diagnostic SNPs, 10,267 of which we mapped to anchored chromosome locations on the RBT genome. A small portion of previously discovered putative diagnostic loci (325 of 4,914) were no longer diagnostic (i.e., fixed between species) based on our wider survey of non-hybridized RBT and WCT individuals. Our study suggests that RAD loci mapped to a draft genome assembly could provide the marker density required to identify genes and chromosomal regions influencing selection in admixed populations of conservation concern and evolutionary interest.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Assembly and Annotation of Red Raspberry Rubus Idaeus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley Wight ◽  
Junhui Zhou ◽  
Muzi Li ◽  
Sridhar Hannenhalli ◽  
Stephen M. Mount ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Exceptional Value

AbstractThe red raspberry, Rubus idaeus, is widely distributed in all temperate regions of Europe, Asia, and North America and is a major commercial fruit valued for its taste, high antioxidant and vitamin content. However, Rubus breeding is a long and slow process hampered by limited genomic and molecular resources. Genomic resources such as a complete genome sequencing and transcriptome will be of exceptional value to improve research and breeding of this high value crop. Using a hybrid sequence assembly approach including data from both long and short sequence reads, we present the first assembly of the Rubus idaeus genome (Joan J. variety). The de novo assembled genome consists of 2,145 scaffolds with a genome completeness of 95.3% and an N50 score of 638 KB. Leveraging a linkage map, we anchored 80.1% of the genome onto seven chromosomes. Using over 1 billion paired-end RNAseq reads, we annotated 35,566 protein coding genes with a transcriptome completeness score of 97.2%. The Rubus idaeus genome provides an important new resource for researchers and breeders.

scholarly journals A draft genome assembly of the eastern banjo frog Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii (Anura: Limnodynastidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiye Li ◽  
Qunfei Guo ◽  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Huishuang Tan ◽  
Terry Bertozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Assembly ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Large Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Assembly ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Repeat Content ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Large Genome Size ◽  
Reference Genomes

AbstractAmphibian genomes are usually challenging to assemble due to large genome size and high repeat content. The Limnodynastidae is a family of frogs native to Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea. As an anuran lineage that successfully diversified on the Australian continent, it represents an important lineage in the amphibian tree of life but lacks reference genomes. Here we sequenced and annotated the genome of the eastern banjo frog Limnodynastes dumerilii dumerilii to fill this gap. The total length of the genome assembly is 2.38 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 285.9 kb. We identified 1.21 Gb of non-redundant sequences as repetitive elements and annotated 24,548 protein-coding genes in the assembly. BUSCO assessment indicated that more than 94% of the expected vertebrate genes were present in the genome assembly and the gene set. We anticipate that this annotated genome assembly will advance the future study of anuran phylogeny and amphibian genome evolution.

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