scholarly journals Salivary microbiomes of indigenous Tsimane mothers and infants are distinct despite frequent premastication

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cliff S. Han ◽  
Melanie Ann Martin ◽  
Armand E.K. Dichosa ◽  
Ashlynn R. Daughton ◽  
Seth Frietze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Salivary Microbiota ◽  
Oral Pathogens

BackgroundPremastication, the transfer of pre-chewed food, is a common infant and young child feeding practice among the Tsimane, forager-horticulturalists living in the Bolivian Amazon. Research conducted primarily with Western populations has shown that infants harbor distinct oral microbiota from their mothers. Premastication, which is less common in these populations, may influence the colonization and maturation of infant oral microbiota, including via transmission of oral pathogens. We collected premasticated food and saliva samples from Tsimane mothers and infants (9–24 months of age) to test for evidence of bacterial transmission in premasticated foods and overlap in maternal and infant salivary microbiota. We extracted bacterial DNA from two premasticated food samples and 12 matched salivary samples from maternal-infant pairs. DNA sequencing was performed with MiSeq (Illumina). We evaluated maternal and infant microbial composition in terms of relative abundance of specific taxa, alpha and beta diversity, and dissimilarity distances.ResultsThe bacteria in saliva and premasticated food were mapped to 19 phyla and 400 genera and were dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes. The oral microbial communities of Tsimane mothers and infants who frequently share premasticated food were well-separated in a non-metric multi-dimensional scaling ordination (NMDS) plot. Infant microbiotas clustered together, with weighted Unifrac distances significantly differing between mothers and infants. Infant saliva contained more Firmicutes (p < 0.01) and fewer Proteobacteria (p < 0.05) than did maternal saliva. Many genera previously associated with dental and periodontal infections, e.g. Neisseria,Gemella,Rothia,Actinomyces,Fusobacterium, andLeptotrichia, were more abundant in mothers than in infants.ConclusionsSalivary microbiota of Tsimane infants and young children up to two years of age do not appear closely related to those of their mothers, despite frequent premastication and preliminary evidence that maternal bacteria is transmitted to premasticated foods. Infant physiology and diet may constrain colonization by maternal bacteria, including several oral pathogens.

scholarly journals Comparison of Early Feeding Practices in Mother–Father Dyads and Possible Generalization of an Efficacious Maternal Intervention to Fathers’ Feeding Practices: A Secondary Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6075
Author(s):  
Lynne A. Daniels ◽  
Kimberley M. Mallan ◽  
Elena Jansen ◽  
Jan M. Nicholson ◽  
Anthea M. Magarey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maternal Intervention

To compare feeding practices within mother–father dyads and explore whether outcomes of an efficacious intervention for mothers generalised to fathers’ feeding practices. The NOURISH RCT evaluated an early feeding intervention that promoted positive feeding practices to support development of healthy eating habits and growth. The intervention was delivered to first-time mothers via 2 × 12 week modules commencing when children were 4 and 14 months. Mothers self-reported feeding practice outcomes at child age 2 years using validated scales (1 = low to 5 = high) from the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Nine months later, an independent cross-sectional descriptive study to investigate fathers’ feeding practices was initiated. Fathers were recruited by contacting (via letter) mothers participating in two pre-existing studies, including the NOURISH trial. Fathers completed a feeding practices questionnaire, similar to that used for NOURISH outcome assessments. Seventy-five fathers recruited via the NOURISH cohort (21% response) returned questionnaires. Response data from this subset of fathers were then linked to the corresponding NOURISH maternal data. Complete data were available from 70 dyads. Compared with mothers, fathers self-reported higher concern about child overweight (2.2 vs. 1.3), restriction (3.6 vs. 2.9) and pressure (2.6 vs. 2.1), all p < 0.001. Fathers whose partners were allocated to the intervention group used less pressure (mean difference 0.46, p = 0.045) and were more willing to let the child decide how much to eat (−0.51, p = 0.032). Fathers’ higher concern about child weight and more frequent use of non-responsive feeding practices, when compared with mothers, identify them as potentially potent contributors to child feeding. This preliminary evidence for modest generalisation of an efficacious maternal intervention to apparent effects on some paternal feeding practices speaks to the importance and promise of including fathers in early feeding interventions.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in Raksirang, Makwanpur, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Kamal Prasad Kandel ◽  
Sindhu Kafle
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice ◽  
Initiation Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Nepal is one of the developing Countries in the South Asia. Early childhood is very important and the crucial period for the proper physical, mental and emotional development. Therefore child should be looked especially at this period. In Nepal, child below two years are suffering from malnutrition the most. The initiation of breastfeeding within one hour of birth has numerous nutritional and immunological benefits and has been found to reduce neonatal mortality. An improper feeding practice among young children par­ticularly 6-23 months is a major cause of malnutrition. Thus, the present study has been focused on feeding practices of fewer than two years children. The study was quantitative study. Main objective of the study was to know the feeding practices of under two years children after implementation of Baal Vita(Sprinkles) program in Raksirang VDC of Makwanpur district. Questionnaire was related to the Baal Vita(Sprinkles) program, Breast­feeding practices and Complimentary feeding practices. Altogether 132 mothers were taken for the study. The structured questionnaire was developed, pretested and used to collect the information. After the collection of data, it was analyzed by using SPSS 17.0.Also the data was presented in different tables to make it more clear and specific. Among 132 of the respondent, majority of the respondent were aged between21-25 years. 37.88% mothers were illiterate and only 1.52% had secondary level education. Some of the respondents were pregnant before the age 20 years. One of the mother was give birth to her child at age of 15 years.68.18% respondent had first Breastfed their child with in 1 hour of birth. Colostrum feeding was seen not good. This study found Still practice of squeezing colostrum. Current breastfeeding practice is seen good. About 88.64% of the respondent had started giving complementary food in correct time.

Care and not wealth is a predictor of wasting and stunting of ‘The Coffee Kids’ of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalkidan Hassen Abate ◽  
Tefera Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Jimma Zone

Background: The generation of cash from agricultural products is the mainstay of the livelihood of many households in developing countries. However, critics of cash cropping have highlighted its influence on dietary diversity and availability of food at the household level, eroding the potential for optimal child caring practices. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in three randomly selected coffee-producing districts of Jimma Zone in southwest Ethiopia. The underlying causes of malnutrition, food access, hygiene and care were assessed using the household food insecurity access scale, morbidity reports and infant and young child feeding practice core indicators of the World Health Organization. Anthropometric data were converted into weight for age, height for age, body mass index for age and weight for height Z-scores to determine child nutritional outcomes. Results: Prevalence of underweight, wasting, stunting and thinness were 14.2%, 9.1%, 24.1% and 9.9%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression showed that children with suboptimal meal frequency were more than three times more likely to develop wasting (AOR = 3.3, p < 0.0001). Female children were twice as likely to develop wasting compared with males (AOR = 2.00, 4.1, p = 0.05). Children with suboptimal dietary diversity were almost four times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 3.95, p < 0.0001). Those who were not exclusively breastfed during their first 6 months were almost five times as likely to develop stunting (AOR = 4.66, p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The findings imply that in coffee-producing areas, child caring practices are stronger independent predictors of nutritional status than wealth or economic indicators alone.

scholarly journals Association between changes in salivary microbiota with glucose levels during pregnancy – findings from a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Pei Wang ◽  
Liangkun Ma ◽  
Rongjun Guo ◽  
Yongjing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Salivary Microbiota

Abstract Background : Microbial shifts that correspond to host variations during pregnancy are vital in health maintenance. Significant changes have been reported in the oral microbiota of pregnant women when compared with nonpregnant women, but little is known about the dynamic shifts in oral microbiota during the pregnancy course. Methods : In this study, changes in salivary microbiota in 81 healthy pregnant women throughout the early stage (G1: 9-14 weeks), middle stage (G2: 21-28 weeks), and late stage (G3: 31-38 weeks) were investigated with 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. Correlations between salivary microbiota and maternal characteristics, including fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, were evaluated. Results : Alpha diversity indexes were stable throughout pregnancy, but significant changes were found in beta diversity measured by weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances. Fourteen dominant trimester-specific taxa were identified using the LEfSe method, including Bacteroidetes in G1, Proteobacteria in G2 and Firmicutes in G3 at the phylum level. Tax4Fun prediction analysis revealed significant changes in Genetic Information Processing, Environmental Information Processing, Unclassified and Human Diseases in G2 and in Metabolism in G3 when compared to G1. Significant correlations were found between FBG levels and microbial composition, and these correlations were independent of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status. Conclusion : Within the limitations of this study, the dynamic changes in salivary microbiota during pregnancy were characterized, and beyond pregnancy, FBG was also involved in shaping the salivary microbiota.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices Regarding Infant and Young Child Feeding among Mothers’ Children 0-23 Months of Matli, District Badin, Sindh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Mazhar Ul Haq ◽  
Rukhsana Khan ◽  
Arshia Bilal ◽  
Lajpat . ◽  
Saira Almas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Child Feeding Practices ◽  
Infant And Young Child

Background: Lack of proper practices account for the deaths of 1.4 million children of <5 years globally. Optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding practices are recognized as the most valuable approach for improving child survival and development. We aimed to assess the knowledge and practices and to determine the factors affecting Infant and Young Child Feeding practices among mothers of children 0-23 months of Taluka Hospital Matli, Badin District, Sindh Methods: A descriptive hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with the sample of 279 mothers visiting pediatric OPD of Taluka Hospital Matli, Badin District, Sindh-Pakistan from 1st October to 31st December 2016. The sample was collected by using non probability consecutive sampling technique and structured pretested questionnaire. Results: 94% of women had the knowledge of when to start breastfeeding after delivery. There is a strong association between maternal education and 0-23 month’s children receiving bottle feed and also a strong association between the information providers and bottle feeding practice. Conclusion: We have found a good dependence of birth weight of the newborn with the monthly income of the household. LHWs and nurses were main sources of information provider about breastfeeding.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practices Regarding Infant and Young Child Feeding among Mothers Working in Readymade Garments Sector in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Afrin Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
Maternity Benefits

Optimum is. Adequate Infant and young child feeding (IYCF), critical for child’s growth and development, requires a significant amount of time andcan be challenging for working mothers. In Bangladesh, about four million women work long-hours in Readymade Garment (RMG) factories without proper maternity benefits which raises concern regarding optimum IYCF practice. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh to identify the knowledge and common practices of IYCF among mothers working in Readymade Garment sector. Ninety-three women of reproductive age (15-49 years), working in Readymade Garment sector, with children aged 6-23 months, were interviewed. Our study revealed- majority knew about exclusive breast feeding (EBF) (76%), duration to continue breast feeding (73%) and early initiation of breast feeding (53%). The exclusive breast-feeding practice in mothers employed in RMG sector was 44%. Three-fourths of the mothers knew and initiated complementary feeding timely. Both knowledge regarding age-adjusted minimum meal frequency (MMF) (19.4%) and minimum quantity (8.6%) were low; compared to actual practices. Nearly two-fifth of the mothers (40%) had to start working before their child reached six months of age enabling them to provide their baby with breastmilk substitutes. Mothers employed in Readymade Garment sector had better IYCF practice than general population. Proper workplace environment with mandatory breast-feeding corners, daycare facilities and ensuring maternity benefits in these mothers could help achieve an even better IYCF practices for their children.

scholarly journals Infant and young child feeding practices on Unguja Island in Zanzibar, Tanzania: a ProPAN based analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce L. Kinabo ◽  
Akwilina W. Mwanri ◽  
Peter S. Mamiro ◽  
Kissa Kulwa ◽  
Nyamizi H. Bundala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Child ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Complementary Foods ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Young Child Feeding ◽  
Infant And Young Child ◽  
The Common

Background: Undernutrition in children has remained a challenge despite the success achieved in reduction of other childhood diseases in Zanzibar. Most empirical studies on infants and young child feeding (IYCF) have examined nutritional value of foods fed to the children in terms of energy and micronutrient content. Little is known on the role of culture, traditions and social norms in influencing IYCF practices. This study aimed at assessing the existing IYCF practices and socio-cultural factors influencing these practises using ProPAN tool to get an in-depth understanding of the mothers’ practices with respect to exclusive breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding.Methods: A cross sectional study involving mothers/caregivers was conducted using semi-structured interviews and opportunistic observations on Unguja Island, Zanzibar. A random selection of 36 Shehias and 213 households with children 0 – 23 months old was done proportional-to-size of Shehias and children. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected using the ProPAN tool and embedded software for analyses.Results: A total of 213 of mothers/caregivers were involved in the study. Almost all new-borns were fed colostrum (96%). Proportion of mothers who   initiated breastfeeding within one hour after giving birth was 63%. About 24% of the women practiced exclusive breastfeeding and 21% of the children were given pre-lacteal feeds 2-3 days after birth. The mean age of introduction of complementary foods was four months. Responsive feeding was not practiced by some mothers as 31% of the children 12-23 months of age were left to eat alone without any support from caregivers. The common reasons for non-adherence to the recommended feeding practices were related to income and socio-cultural norms which are strong in the community and supported by other family members.Conclusion: Infant and young child feeding in Unguja was suboptimal. Inadequate care practices, use of pre-lacteals, early introduction of complementary foods, low rate of exclusive breastfeeding and low meal frequency were among the common practices. The main causes of the observed feeding practice were related to socio-cultural norms and beliefs. There is a need to strengthen IYCF education into the antenatal clinic regime.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document