Untargeted metabolomics approach for unraveling robust biomarkers of nutritional status in fasted gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

A metabolomic study has been performed to identify sensitive and robust biomarkers of malnutrition in farmed fish, using gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) as a model. The metabolomic fingerprinting of serum from fasted fish was assessed by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. More than 15,000 differentm/zions were detected and Partial Least Squares–Discriminant analysis allowed a clear differentiation between the two experimental groups (fed and 10-day fasted fish) with more than 90% of total variance explained by the two first components. The most significant metabolites (up to 45) were elucidated on the basis of their tandem mass spectra with a broad representation of amino acids, oligopeptides, urea cycle metabolites, L-carnitine-related metabolites, glutathione-related metabolites, fatty acids, lysophosphatidic acids, phosphatidylcholines as well as biotin- and noradrenaline-related metabolites. This untargeted approach highlighted important adaptive responses in energy and oxidative metabolism, contributing to identify robust and nutritionally-regulated biomarkers of health and metabolic condition that will serve to assess the welfare status of farmed fish.

Download Full-text

Experimental Horizontal Transmission of Enterospora nucleophila (Microsporea: Enterocytozoonidae) in Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 362

Author(s):

Amparo Picard-Sánchez ◽

M. Carla Piazzon ◽

Itziar Estensoro ◽

Raquel Del Pozo ◽

Nahla Hossameldin Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Horizontal Transmission ◽

Infected Fish ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Infection Level ◽

Available Information

Enterospora nucleophila is a microsporidian enteroparasite that infects mainly the intestine of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), leading to an emaciative syndrome. Thus far, the only available information about this infection comes from natural outbreaks in farmed fish. The aim of the present study was to determine whether E. nucleophila could be transmitted horizontally using naturally infected fish as donors, and to establish an experimental in vivo procedure to study this host–parasite model without depending on natural infections. Naïve fish were exposed to the infection by cohabitation, effluent, or intubated either orally or anally with intestinal scrapings of donor fish in four different trials. We succeeded in detecting parasite in naïve fish in all the challenges, but the infection level and the disease signs were always milder than in donor fish. The parasite was found in peripheral blood of naïve fish at 4 weeks post-challenge (wpc) in oral and effluent routes, and up to 12 wpc in the anal transmission trial. Molecular diagnosis detected E. nucleophila in other organs besides intestine, such as gills, liver, stomach or heart, although the intensity was not as high as in the target tissue. The infection tended to disappear through time in all the challenge routes assayed, except in the anal infection route.

Download Full-text

Pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol (CAP) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and its in vitro activities against important bacterial fish pathogens

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15340 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 311 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. E. TYRPENOU (Α.Ε. ΤΥΡΠΕΝΟΥ) ◽

G. RIGOS (Γ. ΡΗΓΟΣ) ◽

M. YAGNISI (Μ. ΓΙΑΓΝΙΣΗ) ◽

I. NENGAS (Ι. ΝΕΓΚΑΣ) ◽

M. ALEXIS (Μ. ΑΛΕΞΗΣ)

Keyword(s):

Half Life ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Vibrio Anguillarum ◽

Central Compartment ◽

Apparent Volume ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

Fish Pathogens

The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol (CAP) in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), a warm water farmed fish species and its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases of Mediterranean mariculture were investigated in this study. After an intravascular injection (10 mg/kg/fish), the distribution half-life (tl/2a) and the elimination half-life (tl/2ß) of CAP were calculated to be 1.6 and 69 h, respectively. Tissue penetration of CAP was found to be moderate since both the apparent volume of distribution of the drug at steady-state (V<i(ss)) and the apparent volume of the central compartment (Vc) were calculated to be 1.13 and 0.90 L/kg. The total clearance (CLp) of the drug was slow (0.022 L/kg/h). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of CAP in distilled water supplemented with 2% NaCl against Vibrio anguillarum serotype lb, Photobacterium damsela subsp. piscicida, V alginolyticus and V ßuvialis were determined to be 4.78 pg/mL, while it was 0.60 pg/mL for V. damsela. The addition of 10 mM Ca2+ and 55 mM Mg2+ in the medium revealed MIC values of 19.13 pg/mL for V alginolyticus and V ßuvialis, whereas showed no effect for V anguillarum P. damsela subsp. Piscicida and V damsela. The results indicate that CAP displayed a satisfactory kinetic profile and it is eliminated fast from gilthead sea bream muscle; however, its high MIC values stress show a possible inefficacy against important bacterial pathogens of Mediterranean mariculture.

Download Full-text

Absence of Anisakid Larvae in Farmed European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata L.) in Southeast Spain

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-73.7.1332 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 1332-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

J. PEÑALVER ◽

E. MARÍA DOLORES ◽

P. MUÑOZ

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽

Sea Bass ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Minimal Risk ◽

Farmed Fish ◽

European Sea Bass ◽

Anisakid Larvae

In the present study, a total of 871 farmed fish, 612 gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) and 259 European sea bass (Dicentrarchux labrax L.), were examined for the presence of anisakid larvae. Two diagnostic methods were applied, visual inspection and artificial digestion based on the degradation of fish soft tissue in an acidified pepsin enzyme solution. None of the samples examined in this study contained any anisakid parasite. The results suggest that consumption of these farmed fish species carries a minimal risk of exposure to these nematodes in this region.

Download Full-text