scholarly journals Unimodal relationship between small-scale barnacle recruitment and the density of pre-existing barnacle adults

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3444
Author(s):  
Ricardo A. Scrosati ◽  
Julius A. Ellrich
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Larval Supply ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unimodal Relationship

Recruitment is a key demographic process for population persistence. This paper focuses on barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment. In rocky intertidal habitats from the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of Nova Scotia (Canada), ice scour is common during the winter. At the onset of intertidal barnacle recruitment in early May (after sea ice has fully melted), mostly only adult barnacles and bare substrate are visible at high elevations in wave-exposed habitats. We conducted a multiannual study to investigate if small-scale barnacle recruitment could be predicted from the density of pre-existing adult barnacles. In a year that exhibited a wide adult density range (ca. 0–130 individuals dm−2), the relationship between adult density and recruit density (scaled to the available area for recruitment, which excluded adult barnacles) was unimodal. In years that exhibited a lower adult density range (ca. 0–40/50 individuals dm−2), the relationship between adult and recruit density was positive and resembled the lower half of the unimodal relationship. Overall, adult barnacle density was able to explain 26–40% of the observed variation in recruit density. The unimodal adult–recruit relationship is consistent with previously documented intraspecific interactions. Between low and intermediate adult densities, the positive nature of the relationship relates to the previously documented fact that settlement-seeking larvae are chemically and visually attracted to adults, which might be important for local population persistence. Between intermediate and high adult densities, where population persistence may be less compromised and the abundant adults may limit recruit growth and survival, the negative nature of the relationship suggests that adult barnacles at increasingly high densities stimulate larvae to settle elsewhere. The unimodal pattern may be especially common on shores with moderate rates of larval supply to the shore, because high rates of larval supply may swamp the coast with settlers, decoupling recruit density from local adult abundance.

scholarly journals Unimodal relationship between adult and recruit density in barnacle populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Scrosati ◽  
Julius A Ellrich
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Larval Supply ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unimodal Relationship

Recruitment is a key demographic step for population persistence. This paper focuses on understanding barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment. In rocky intertidal habitats from the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of Nova Scotia (Canada), winter ice scour is common. At the onset of intertidal barnacle recruitment in the spring, mostly only adult barnacles and bare substrate are visible at high elevations on the shore. We conducted a multiannual study to investigate if small-scale barnacle recruitment could be predicted from the density of pre-existing adult barnacles. In a year that exhibited a wide adult density range (ca. 0–130 individuals dm-2), the relationship between adult density and recruit density (referred to the available area for recruitment, which excluded adult barnacles) was unimodal. In years that exhibited a lower adult density range (ca. 0–40/50 individuals dm-2), the relationship between adult and recruit density was positive but simply resembling the lower half of the unimodal relationship. Overall, adult barnacle density was able to explain 26–40 % of the observed variation in recruit density. The unimodal adult–recruit relationship is consistent with previously documented intraspecific interactions. Between low and intermediate adult densities, the positive nature of the relationship relates to the ability of adult barnacles to attract settlement-seeking larvae, likely enhancing local population persistence where it is most needed. Between intermediate and high adult densities, where population persistence may be less compromised and the abundant adults may be detrimental to recruit growth, the negative nature of the relationship suggests that larvae are stimulated to settle elsewhere. This unimodal pattern may be particularly common on shores with moderate rates of larval supply to the shore, as high larval supply rates may swamp the coast with settlers, decoupling recruit density from local adult abundance.

scholarly journals Unimodal relationship between adult and recruit density in barnacle populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo A Scrosati ◽  
Julius A Ellrich
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Larval Supply ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Unimodal Relationship

Recruitment is a key demographic step for population persistence. This paper focuses on understanding barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment. In rocky intertidal habitats from the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of Nova Scotia (Canada), winter ice scour is common. At the onset of intertidal barnacle recruitment in the spring, mostly only adult barnacles and bare substrate are visible at high elevations on the shore. We conducted a multiannual study to investigate if small-scale barnacle recruitment could be predicted from the density of pre-existing adult barnacles. In a year that exhibited a wide adult density range (ca. 0–130 individuals dm-2), the relationship between adult density and recruit density (referred to the available area for recruitment, which excluded adult barnacles) was unimodal. In years that exhibited a lower adult density range (ca. 0–40/50 individuals dm-2), the relationship between adult and recruit density was positive but simply resembling the lower half of the unimodal relationship. Overall, adult barnacle density was able to explain 26–40 % of the observed variation in recruit density. The unimodal adult–recruit relationship is consistent with previously documented intraspecific interactions. Between low and intermediate adult densities, the positive nature of the relationship relates to the ability of adult barnacles to attract settlement-seeking larvae, likely enhancing local population persistence where it is most needed. Between intermediate and high adult densities, where population persistence may be less compromised and the abundant adults may be detrimental to recruit growth, the negative nature of the relationship suggests that larvae are stimulated to settle elsewhere. This unimodal pattern may be particularly common on shores with moderate rates of larval supply to the shore, as high larval supply rates may swamp the coast with settlers, decoupling recruit density from local adult abundance.

scholarly journals Barnacle recruit-adult relationship (full paper published in 2017 in PeerJ 5: article e3444)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Augusto Scrosati ◽  
Julius A. Ellrich
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Population Persistence ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Larval Supply ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
The Relationship

Recruitment is a key demographic process for population persistence. This paper focuses on barnacle (Semibalanus balanoides) recruitment. In rocky intertidal habitats from the Gulf of St. Lawrence coast of Nova Scotia (Canada), ice scour is common during the winter. At the onset of intertidal barnacle recruitment in early May (after sea ice has fully melted), mostly only adult barnacles and bare substrate are visible at high elevations in wave-exposed habitats. We conducted a multiannual study to investigate if small-scale barnacle recruitment could be predicted from the density of pre-existing adult barnacles. In a year that exhibited a wide adult density range (ca. 0-130 individuals/dm2), the relationship between adult density and recruit density (scaled to the available area for recruitment, which excluded adult barnacles) was unimodal. In years that exhibited a lower adult density range (ca. 0-40/50 individuals/dm2), the relationship between adult and recruit density was positive and resembled the lower half of the unimodal relationship. Overall, adult barnacle density was able to explain 26-40% of the observed variation in recruit density. The unimodal adult-recruit relationship is consistent with previously documented intraspecific interactions. Between low and intermediate adult densities, the positive nature of the relationship relates to the previously documented fact that settlement-seeking larvae are chemically and visually attracted to adults, which might be important for local population persistence. Between intermediate and high adult densities, where population persistence may be less compromised and the abundant adults may limit recruit growth and survival, the negative nature of the relationship suggests that adult barnacles at increasingly high densities stimulate larvae to settle elsewhere. The unimodal pattern may be especially common on shores with moderate rates of larval supply to the shore, because high rates of larval supply may swamp the coast with settlers, decoupling recruit density from local adult abundance.

scholarly journals Multiple narratives of il/legality and im/morality: The case of small-scale hashish harvesting in Kyrgyzstan

2019 ◽  
pp. 136248061988034
Author(s):  
Gulzat Botoeva
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Legal Pluralism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to contribute to the current literature concerning the social acceptance of illegal practices. Using legal pluralism as a general framework of analysis, this study discusses the relationship between state law and alternative perspectives concerning its legitimacy. It presents the experience of people involved in hashish harvesting in one of the regions of Kyrgyzstan, how the state defines it as an ‘illegal practice’ and how the local population subsequently invokes normative systems based on local spiritual knowledge and the local moral economy of hashish production. It argues that acceptance of hashish harvesting as a legitimate means of support is not a straightforward process. Despite the predominant legitimating narrative of hashish harvesting, it enters into a conversation with state defined notions of ‘illegality’ and is also shaped by the customary understanding of the spiritual power of cannabis plants that requires caution when making hashish.

Tourism awareness as a tourism development strategy: status of the issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Rosas-Jaco ◽  
S.X. Almeraya-Quintero ◽  
L.G. Guajardo-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Training Manual ◽  
Environmental Development ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: Tourism has become the main engine of economic, social and environmental development in several countries, so promoting tourism awareness among tourists and the local population should be a priority. The present study aims to suggest a status of the research carried out on the topic of tourism awareness. Design / methodology / approach: The type of analysis is through a retrospective and exploratory bibliometric study. The analysis materials were scientific articles and a training manual published between 2000 and 2020, registered by Scopus, Emerald insight and Dialnet, using “tourism awareness” as the keyword. Results: When considering the three senses in which tourism awareness ought to operate, it is concluded that studies are more focused on the relationship and contact of the host community with the tourist. It is observed that four out of six articles in this sense consider that education, training, and government policies around tourism awareness should be developed in a better way in the destinations, in order to be an element that contributes to the development of communities and reduces poverty in developing countries. Study limitations / implications: It is considered a limitation not to include thesis dissertations. Findings / conclusions: It is necessary to make visible the importance of tourism awareness as a local development strategy for communities, in addition to including tourism awareness on the part of tourists.

Reflections on Local Population Studies and Social Science History

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Osamu Saito
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Personal Reflection ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Science History ◽  
Social Science History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Materials

This personal reflection of more than 40 years' work on the supply of labour in a household context discusses the relationship between social science history (the application to historical phenomena of the tools developed by social scientists) and local population studies. The paper concludes that historians working on local source materials can give something new back to social scientists and social science historians, urging them to remake their tools.

scholarly journals Maternal toxoplasmosis and the risk of childhood autism: serological and molecular small-scale studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila S. Al Malki ◽  
Nahed Ahmed Hussien ◽  
Fuad Al Malki
Keyword(s):  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Childhood Autism ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Delayed Language Development

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis resulting from infection with the Toxoplasma parasite has become an endemic disease worldwide. Recently, a few studies have reported a high prevalence of Toxoplasmosis infections among Saudi Arabian women. This disease could become life threatening for pregnant women and for immunodeficient people. There is evidence that infections during pregnancy, especially in the early stages, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Autism disorder represents one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders worldwide; it is associated with delayed language development, weak communication interaction, and repetitive behavior. The relationship between prenatal toxoplasmosis and autism in childhood remains unclear. The present study aims to report a link between maternal toxoplasmosis and autistic offspring among Saudi Arabian women. Method Blood samples (36 maternal, 36 from their non-autistic children, and 36 from their autistic children) were collected for serological and molecular evaluation. Results A toxoplasmosis infection was reported for 33.34% of participants using an ELISA assay (5.56% IgG+/IgM+, 11.11% IgG−/IgM+, and 16.67% IgG+/IgM-); however, a nested PCR assay targeting B1 toxoplasmosis specific genes recorded positive tests for 80.56% of the samples. In addition, the present study detected several points of mutation of mtDNA including NADH dehydrogenase (ND1, ND4) and Cyt B genes and the nDNA pyruvate kinase (PK) gene for autistic children infected with toxoplasmosis. Conclusion Considering previous assumptions, we suggest that a maternal toxoplasmosis infection could have a role in the development of childhood autism linked to mtDNA and nDNA impairment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document