scholarly journals Flavonoid biosynthesis controls fiber color in naturally colored cotton

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Feng Liu ◽  
Cheng Luo ◽  
Wu Song ◽  
Haitao Shen ◽  
Guoliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Pigment Synthesis ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton

The existence of only natural brown and green cotton fibers (BCF and GCF, respectively), as well as poor fiber quality, limits the use of naturally colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A better understanding of fiber pigment regulation is needed to surmount these obstacles. In this work, transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR revealed that 13 and 9 phenylpropanoid (metabolic) pathway genes were enriched during pigment synthesis, while the differential expression of phenylpropanoid (metabolic) and flavonoid metabolic pathway genes occurred among BCF, GCF, and white cotton fibers (WCF). Silencing the chalcone flavanone isomerase gene in a BCF line resulted in three fiber phenotypes among offspring of the RNAi lines: BCF, almost WCF, and GCF. The lines with almost WCF suppressed chalcone flavanone isomerase, while the lines with GCF highly expressed the glucosyl transferase (3GT) gene. Overexpression of the Gh3GT or Arabidopsis thaliana 3GT gene in BCF lines resulted in GCF. Additionally, the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites of BCF and GCF were significantly higher than those of WCF as assessed by a metabolomics analysis. Thus, the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway controls both brown and green pigmentation processes. Like natural colored fibers, the transgenic colored fibers were weaker and shorter than WCF. This study shows the potential of flavonoid pathway modifications to alter cotton fibers’ color and quality.

scholarly journals Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua LI ◽  
Qian SU ◽  
Mingqi XU ◽  
Jiaqi YOU ◽  
Anam Qadir KHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Background Naturally-colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration, UV protection, flame retardant, antibacterial activity and mildew resistance. But poor fiber quality and limited color choices are two key issues that have restricted the cultivation of naturally-colored cotton. To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally-colored cottons, five colored cotton accessions in three different color types (with green, brown and white fiber) were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development. Results The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than those in white and green cotton fibers. Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin were higher in brown cotton fibers relative to those in white and green cotton fibers, which suggested that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Further expression analysis indicated that the genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, lignin and lignan were activated in the developing fibers of the green cotton at 10 and 15 days post-anthesis. Conclusions Our results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in green and brown cotton fibers, and may improve the breeding of naturally-colored cottons.

scholarly journals Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
Mingqi Xu ◽  
Jiaqi You ◽  
Anam Qadir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract Background Naturally colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration, UV protection, flame retardant, antibacterial activity and mildew resistance. But poor fiber quality and limited color choices are two key issues that have restricted the cultivation of naturally colored cotton. To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally colored cottons, five colored cotton accessions in three different color types (with green, brown and white fiber) were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development.Results The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than those in white and green cotton fibers. Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin (PA) were higher in brown cotton fibers relative to those in white and green cotton fibers, which suggested that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Further expression analysis indicated that the genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, lignin and lignan were activated in the developing fibers of the green cotton at 10 DPA (days post-anthesis) and 15 DPA. Conclusions Our results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in green and brown cotton fibers, and may improve the breeding of naturally colored cottons.

scholarly journals Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
Mingqi Xu ◽  
Jiaqi You ◽  
Anam Qadir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Brown Color

Abstract Background Naturally colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of color, UV protection, flame retardant, antibacterial activity and anti-mildew. But poor fiber quality and restricted color choices are two key issues that have limited the cultivation of naturally colored cottons. To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally colored cottons, three differently colored cotton (with green, brown and white colored fiber) were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development. Results The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than in white or green cotton fibers. Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin (PA) were high in brown cotton fibers but low in white and green cotton fibers, which suggested that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Further expression analysis found that genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, lignin and lignan were activated in 10 DPA (days post-anthesis) and 15 DPA fibers of green cotton. Conclusions Our results strengthen understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in different colored cottons, and may provide strategies for improving green color and brown color cottons.

scholarly journals Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Li ◽  
Qian Su ◽  
Mingqi Xu ◽  
Jiaqi You ◽  
Anam Qadir Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway

Abstract BackgroundNaturally colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of color, UV protection, flame retardant, antibacterial activity and anti-mildew. But poor fiber quality and restricted color choices are two key issues that have limited the cultivation of naturally colored cotton. To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally colored cottons, three differently colored cottons (with green, brown and white colored fiber) were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development.ResultsThe expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than in white and green cotton fibers. Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin (PA) were high in brown cotton fibers but low in white and green cotton fibers, which suggested that flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Further expression analysis indicated that genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, lignin and lignan were activated in 10 DPA (days post-anthesis) and 15 DPA fibers of green cottons. ConclusionsOur results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in different colored cottons, and may provide strategies for improving the breeding of green and brown cottons.

scholarly journals Transcriptome and Proteome Profiling of Different Colored Rice Reveals Physiological Dynamics Involved in the Flavonoid Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiong Chen ◽  
Yu Tao ◽  
Asif Ali ◽  
Zhenhua Zhuang ◽  
Daiming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Colored Rice

Black and red rice are rich in both anthocyanin and proanthocyanin content, which belong to a large class of flavonoids derived from a group of phenolic secondary metabolites. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms underlying the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway are far from clear. Therefore, this study was undertaken to gain insight into physiological factors that are involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in rice cultivars with red, black, and white colors. RNA sequencing of caryopsis and isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) analyses have generated a nearly complete catalog of mRNA and expressed proteins in different colored rice cultivars. A total of 31,700 genes were identified, of which 3417, 329, and 227 genes were found specific for red, white, and black rice, respectively. A total of 13,996 unique peptides corresponding to 3916 proteins were detected in the proteomes of black, white, and red rice. Coexpression network analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among the different rice cultivars showed significant differences in photosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Based on a differential enrichment analysis, 32 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were detected, out of which only CHI, F3H, ANS, and FLS were detected by iTRAQ. Taken together, the results point to differences in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways among different colored rice cultivars, which may reflect differences in physiological functions. The differences in contents and types of flavonoids among the different colored rice cultivars are related to changes in base sequences of Os06G0162500, Os09G0455500, Os09G0455500, and Os10G0536400. Current findings expand and deepen our understanding of flavonoid biosynthesis and concurrently provides potential candidate genes for improving the nutritional qualities of rice.

Physicochemical characterization of several types of naturally colored cotton fibers from Peru

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H. Blas-Sevillano ◽  
T. Veramendi ◽  
B. La Torre ◽  
C.E. Velezmoro-Sánchez ◽  
A.I. Oliva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton Fibers

A novel strategy for the classification of naturally colored cotton fibers based on digital imaging and pattern recognition techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 5869-5875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ivanda S. Gonçalves ◽  
Welma T. S. Vilar ◽  
Everaldo Paulo Medeiros ◽  
Márcio José Coelho Pontes
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Pattern Recognition Techniques ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton Fibers

This study proposes the use of digital images and multivariate analysis as an alternative methodology for the classification of naturally colored cotton fiber, according to cultivar type.

Qualitative analysis of cotton fiber pigment composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 004051752093223
Author(s):  
Mengying Chen ◽  
Ting Ting Zhang ◽  
Li He ◽  
Kezuo Wang ◽  
Yiren Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Cotton Fibers ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
White Cotton ◽  
Naturally Colored Cotton ◽  
Main Component

Naturally colored cotton is a green textile material. To cultivate new colored cotton and improve its performance, we must first understand the types, composition, and formation mechanism of the pigments in colored cotton. This study aims to explore the composition and structure of cotton fiber pigments. Qualitative analyses of pigment extracts from brown cotton, green cotton, and white cotton fibers were carried out using ultraviolet spectroscopy, diagnostic agents, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The main component of cotton fiber pigments was flavonoids, and specific types of flavonoids were found in the pigments in brown cotton, green cotton, and white cotton fibers. Research on the composition of cotton fiber pigments can increase our understanding of colored cotton fibers and lay a foundation for the cultivation, planting, and development of colored cotton fibers, as well the identification of naturally colored cotton from dyed cotton.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Three Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase Genes in Grains and Coleoptiles of Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko Himi ◽  
Masahiko Maekawa ◽  
Kazuhiko Noda
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Telomeric Region ◽  
Chromosome 4 ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Syntenic Relationship ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Group 2

Flavonoid pigments are known to accumulate in red grains and coleoptiles of wheat and are synthesized through the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) is a key enzyme at a diverging point of the flavonoid pathway leading to production of different pigments: phlobaphene, proanthocyanidin, and anthocyanin. We isolated three F3H genes from wheat and examined a relationship between their expression and tissue pigmentation. Three F3Hs are located on the telomeric region of the long arm of chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 2D, respectively, designated as F3H-A1, F3H-B1, and F3H-D1. The telomeric regions of the long arms of the chromosomes of homoeologous group 2 of wheat showed a syntenic relationship to the telomeric region of the long arm of rice chromosome 4, on which rice F3H gene was also located. All three genes were highly activated in the red grains and coleoptiles and appeared to be controlled by flavonoid regulators in each tissue.

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