scholarly journals Individual and flock immunity responses of naïve ducks on smallholder farms after vaccination with H5N1 Avian Influenza vaccine: a study in a province of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6268
Author(s):  
Hoa Thi Thanh Huynh ◽  
Liem Tan Truong ◽  
Tongkorn Meeyam ◽  
Hien Thanh Le ◽  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
And Control

In Vietnam, vaccination has played a crucial role in the national strategy for the prevention and control of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). This study aimed to evaluate antibody responses of immunologically naïve domestic ducks to H5N1 avian influenza vaccine currently used in the national mass vaccination program of Vietnam. Blood samples of 166 ducks reared on smallholder farms were individually collected at three sampling time points, namely, right before vaccination, 21 days after primary vaccination, and 21 days after booster vaccination. Vaccine-induced antibody titers of duck sera were measured by the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Temporal differences in mean antibody titers were analyzed using the generalized least-squares method. No sampled ducks showed anti-H5 seropositivity pre-vaccination. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of the vaccinated ducks was 5.30 after primary vaccination, with 80% of the vaccinated ducks showing seropositivity. This result indicates that the immunity of duck flocks met the targets of the national poultry H5N1 HPAI mass vaccination program. GMT and seropositive rates of the ducks were 6.48 and 96.3%, respectively, after booster vaccination, which were significantly higher than those after primary vaccination. Flock-level seroprotection rate significantly increased from 68% to 84.7%, whereas variability in GMT titers decreased from 34.87% to 26.3%. This study provided important information on humoral immune responses of ducks to the currently used H5N1 vaccine under field conditions. Our findings may help guide veterinary authorities in planning effective vaccine protocols for the prevention and control of H5N1 in the target poultry population.

scholarly journals Nasal delivery of H5N1 avian influenza vaccine formulated with GenJet™ or in vivo-jetPEI® induces enhanced serological, cellular and protective immune responses

Drug Delivery ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 773-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Cao ◽  
Margarita Mishina ◽  
Samuel Amoah ◽  
Wadzanai P. Mboko ◽  
Caitlin Bohannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Nasal Delivery ◽  
H5n1 Avian Influenza

EFIKASI RUTE VAKSIN Aeromonas hydrophila ASB-01 PADA IKAN GABUS (Ophiocephalus striatus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Olga Olga ◽  
Fatmawaty Fatmawaty
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Time Of Death ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Time

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rute pemberian vaksin A.hydrophila ASB-01 yang efektif untuk mengendalikan MAS pada ikan gabus.  Efektivitas rute vaksinasi dievaluasi melalui titer antibodi, sintasan, RPS (relative percent survival) dan RWK (Rerata waktu kematian).  Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 perlakuan (vaksinasi secara rendaman (R), oral (O), injeksi intramuscular (IM), injeksi intraperitoneal (IP) dan Kontrol (PBS pH 7,0) dengan  3 ulangan. Dosis vaksinasi sebanyak 107 sel/ml. Vaksinasi booster dilakukan setelah 14 hari kemudian, dosisnya sama dengan vaksinasi awal.  Selanjutnya, 14 hari berikutnya ikan ditantang dengan A.hydrophila ASB-01. Untuk memperoleh data titer antibodi dilakukan pengambilan darah pada saat sebelum divaksinasi, sesaat sebelum vaksinasi booster dan 14 hari setelah vaksinasi booster. Ikan tantang diamati selama 14 hari untuk memperoleh data sintasan, RPS dan RWK. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semua rute pemberian vaksin dapat meningkatkan titer antibodi, akan tetapi titer antibodi tertinggi diperoleh dari ikan yang divaksinasi secara injeksi.  Sintasan gabus yang divaksinasi secara IM (84,47%), IP (82,20%), R (42,27%), O (42,20%) dan kontrol (13,13 %). RPS gabus yang divaksinasi melalui rute IM (82,08%), IP (79,46%), R (33,38%), O (33,31%), sedangkan RWK gabus melalui rute IP (3,63 hari), IM (79,46 3,57 hari), R (2,46 hari), O (1,85 hari) dan kontrol (1,03 hari). Rute vaksinasi yang efektif adalah melalui injeksi.This study aims to determine the vaccine A.hydrophila ASB-01 is effective for the control of MAS on snakehead fish. Effectiveness of vaccination was evaluated through the antibody titer, survival, RPS (relative percent survival) and RWK (mean time of death). The study consisted of 5 treatments (immersion vaccination (R), oral (O), intramuscular injection (IM), intraperitoneal injection (IP) and control (PBS pH 7.0) with 3 replications. Vaccination doses were 107 cells / ml. Booster vaccination after 14 days later. Dose is equal to the initial vaccination. Furthermore, the next day 14 fish were challenged with A.hydrophila ASB-01. To obtain data on antibody titer blood draw done at the time before being vaccinated, shortly before the booster vaccination and 14 days after the booster vaccination. Challenged fish were observed for 14 days to obtain data on survival, RPS and RWK.  The result showed that all these vaccines may increase the antibody titer, but the highest antibody titers obtained from fish vaccinated injection. Survival rates were vaccinated IM (84.47%), IP (82.20%), R (42.27%), O (42.20%) and controls (13.13%). RPS to IM (82.08%), IP (79.46%), R (33.38%), O (33.31%), while RWK through the IP (3.63 days), IM (79.46 3.57 days), R (2.46 days), O (1.85 days) and controls (1.03 days). Effective vaccination route is through injection.

Avian influenza virus: prospects for prevention and control by vaccination

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Won Lee ◽  
David L. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractAlthough vaccination does not always prevent infection of avian influenza (AI) virus, the clear benefit of vaccination is in its ability to prevent disease and to reduce the amount of virus in circulation. Thus, judicious use of vaccination can be an important component of an AI control program. However, the long-term use of vaccination without eradication may result in the selection of the antigenically divergent strains, which compromises the value of vaccination. In this review, the effectiveness of currently available and future AI vaccines is discussed with suggestions for the ideal use of vaccination even with antigenic drift of the virus.

scholarly journals Early surveillance and public health emergency disposal measures between novel coronavirus disease 2019 and avian influenza in China: a case-comparison study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Zhang ◽  
Wenming Shi ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Ge Bai ◽  
Ruiming Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly throughout China and the world. Hence, early surveillance and public health emergency disposal are considered crucial to curb this emerging infectious disease. However, studies that investigated the early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China are relatively few. We aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal for prevention and control between COVID-19 and H7N9 avian influenza, which was commended by the international community, in China.MethodsA case-comparison study was conducted using a set of six key time nodes to form a reference framework for evaluating early surveillance and public health emergency disposal between H7N9 avian influenza (2013) in Shanghai, China and COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.FindingsA report to the local Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, for the first hospitalized patient was sent after 6 and 20 days for H7N9 avian influenza and COVID-19, respectively. In contrast, the pathogen was identified faster in the case of COVID-19 than in the case of H7N9 avian influenza (12 days vs. 31 days). The government response regarding COVID-19 was 10 days later than that regarding avian influenza. The entire process of early surveillance and public health emergency disposal lasted 5 days longer in COVID-19 than in H7N9 avian influenza (46 days vs. 41 days).ConclusionsThe identification of the unknown pathogen improved in China between the outbreaks of avian influenza and COVID-19. The longer emergency disposal period in the case of COVID-19 could be attributed to the government’s slower response to the epidemic. Improving public health emergency management could lessen the adverse social effects of emerging infectious diseases and public health crisis in the future.ContributorsTZ, WS, and LL designed the project, processed and analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript. YW, GB, RD, and QW edited the manuscript. All authors revised the draft.

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