scholarly journals The effects of Solidago canadensis water extracts on maize seedling growth in association with the biomass allocation pattern

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao qi Ye ◽  
Jin liu Meng ◽  
Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Water Extracts

Background Solidago canadensis L. is an aggressive exotic plant species in China that has potential allelopathic effects on competing plant species. Effects of hormesis are frequently observed in studies of allelopathy; however, the mechanisms of such effects need to be elucidated. Allelopathic compounds may affect the growth of recipient plants via alteration of biomass allocation patterns or photosynthetic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine how water extracts from S. canadensis affected the shoot and root growth of recipient plants and whether the underlying mechanism was related to the biomass allocation pattern or photosynthetic gas exchange capacity. Methods The water extracts from S. canadensis shoots at 12 different concentrations in the range of 0–0.25 g/ml were applied thrice in 9 days to maize seedlings cultivated in silica sand. The growth (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) and biomass accumulation and allocation (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR)) were compared among maize seedlings exposed to different treatment concentrations. Gas exchange (photosynthetic light response curve) was measured and compared among maize seedlings exposed to three concentrations of water extract (0, 0.0125 and 0.2 g/ml) before and after the first application, and seedling growth was measured after the third and final application. Results The growth of seedlings (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) was promoted at concentrations below 0.125 g/ml and inhibited at concentrations above this level (P < 0.05). The pattern of change in biomass accumulation and allocation was similar to that of shoot growth, but biomass accumulation and allocation was not significantly affected by the water extract treatments (P > 0.05). The water extract treatments did not significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity (P > 0.05), but the dark respiration rate was higher in the low-dose treatment than that in the high-dose treatment. Shoot height was positively correlated with the biomass allocation indicators SLA and LAR (P < 0.05) but not with LMR (P > 0.05). Conclusions The results suggested that the effects of the water extracts from S. canadensis were highly dependent on the concentration, with the growth of maize seedlings promoted at low concentrations of water extracts. The effects of the water extracts on the growth of maize seedlings were mainly due to the effects on the LAR, the allocation to leaf area growth, whereas the effects of the water extracts on leaf gas exchange capacity cannot explain variation of seedling growth. Thus, the stimulation of plant growth was very likely due to increased biomass allocation towards the shoot.

scholarly journals Análisis de crecimiento de tres especies de Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) de la selva baja caducifolia de Chamela, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Mariana Álvarez-Añorve
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass allocation pattern s and growth characteristics of three species of Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) from the highly diverse and seasonal Chamela tropical deciduous forest , where the plant growth period is restricted to the rainy season. The studied species, although they are phylogenetically related, presented different biomass al location patterns and RGR during growth, in order to carry out a differential exploitation of resources and to promote their coexistence. There were differences in relative growth rate (RGR), root to shoot ratio (R/ S), net assimilation rate (E), biomass allocation patterns and total biomass and leaf area attained among the studied species. Caesalpinia eriostachys and C. platyloba showed similar growth patterns between them but contrasting with those of C. sclerocarpa. This suggests a temporal uncuopling of their maximum resource demand. RGR was determined to a greater extent by parameters related with E than by parameters related with the specific leaf area (SLA).

Effect of inorganic fertilizer on the growth of Khaya senegalensis seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240
Author(s):  
AO Akinyele ◽  
AO Oluwadare ◽  
O Aina
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Forest Resources Management

This study investigated the effects of two different mineral fertilizers on the early growth and biomass accumulation of Khaya senegalensis seedlings. The research was carried out in the nursery of the Department of Forest Resources Management, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Uniformly growing seedlings were transplanted into polythene pots filled with 4kg topsoil and ten (10) grams each of NPK 15-15-15, Urea 46-0-0 and a combination of NPK15-15-15: Urea 46-0-0. Number of leaves, shoot height and collar diameter were assessed weekly for three months. Biomass, leaf area, leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW) and total dry weight (TDW) of randomly selected seedlings from each treatment were determined 12 weeks after fertilizer application. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA. LSD was used to separate significantly different means. There was a significant difference in height of seedlings treated with NPK-UREA and other seedlings at 0.05 probability level. The seedlings treated with NPK-UREA had the highest mean height, 26.3cm at the 12th week after fertilizer application. The highest mean collar diameter- 0.75cm, leaf area- 31.4cm2 and biomass- 5.7g, were recorded in the control. This study shows that 10g of NPK-UREA fertilizers was not sufficient to increase the rate of growth of Khaya senegalensis seedlings above the seedlings with no fertilizer application.Keywords: biomass accumulation, Fertilizer application, Indigenous trees, Khaya senegalensis.

scholarly journals Growth and biomass allocation of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2335-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOACYR BERNARDINO DIAS-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Light ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Full Sunlight

The growth and biomass allocation responses of the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and B. humidicola were compared for plants grown outdoors, in pots, in full sunlight and those shaded to 30% of full sunlight over a 30day period. The objective was to evaluate the acclimation capacity of these species to low light. Both species were able to quickly develop phenotypic adjustments in response to low light. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were higher for low-light plants during the entire experimental period. Low-light plants allocated significantly less biomass to root and more to leaf tissue than high-light plants. However, the biomass allocation pattern to culms was different for the two species under low light: it increased in B. brizantha, but decreased in B. humidicola, probably as a reflection of the growth habits of these species. Relative growth rate and tillering were higher in high-light plants. Leaf elongation rate was significantly increased on both species under low light; however, the difference between treatments was higher in B. brizantha. These results are discussed in relation to the pasture management implications.

scholarly journals Seed discontinuous hydration does not benefit germination, but improves drought tolerance of Triplaris gardneriana seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e55992
Author(s):  
Rafael Silva Freitas ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Meiado ◽  
Elizamar Ciríaco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Seedling Leaf

The discontinuous seed hydration enables the acquisition of tolerance to environmental stresses, causing a stress imprint. It may modify metabolic patterns and lead to improved stress responses. This study aims to evaluate the effects of discontinuous hydration on germination and on seedling growth of Triplaris gardneriana Wedd. under intermittent drought. The seeds have gone through cycles (0, 1, 2 and 3) of hydration and dehydration (HD). The seedlings produced were subjected to water deficit (daily watering and intervals of seven and fourteen days between watering). Seed germinability parameters and, relative growth rate (RGR) of seedling, leaf area, dry matter yield and leaf relative water content (RWC) were evaluated. The HD cycles did not benefit germination, but two HD cycles induced a better biomass accumulation and increased leaf area in seedlings under moderate water deficit, while three HD cycles promoted an increase in RGR and influenced the RWC values. Severe stress affects seedling growth, but subjection to HD cycles minimizes the deleterious effects of drought, suggesting discontinuous hydration acts leading stress imprint in plants.

The Association of Biomass Allocation With Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Two Triticum aestivum Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
RVD Boogaard ◽  
EJ Veneklaas ◽  
H Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency

We investigated traits that might improve performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a dry environment, and examined if the response to drought is different for cultivars with a contrasting biomass allocation pattern, using two cultivars with either a high (Katya) or small (Mexipak) proportion of biomass allocated to the leaves. Plants were grown in pots placed in the field, under well-watered conditions and under intermittent drought. Katya allocated a greater proportion of its biomass to both leaves and roots, and a smaller proportion to stems than Mexipak did. The growth rate of Katya was not higher despite a higher investment in leaf area and a slightly higher rate of photosynthesis, possibly due to concomitantly higher respiratory losses. Under well-watered conditions, the efficiency of water use for growth was higher for Katya than for Mexipak, due to a lower water use at a similar growth rate. Differences in water use per plant were determined by the rate of water loss or uptake, rather than by the amount of roots or leaves. A high water use efficiency was independent of growth rate. We conclude that a lower rate of water use due to a lower transpiration per unit leaf area linked with a high leaf area can contribute to improve the performance of wheat cultivars in a water-limited environment.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Studies on Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Sultana ◽  
Md Asaduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Water Extracts

Declining crop yield due to weeds and their resistance to herbicides are major constraint for successful crop productions. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is common weed species in Australian cropping rotation. Allelopathic potentiality of milk thistle on different crops has been documented sporadically, but there is no literature on about ryegrass and canola. Therefore, a laboratory based allelopathic extracts bioassay was conducted. The hot water extracts was prepared from milk thistle plant parts added into water with ration of 1: 10 (plant sample: distilled water) where mixture was heated 10 minutes. After heat treatment samples was immediately sieved and centrifuged and the resulted solution was treated as 100% concentration. Separately, to get the fresh water extract plant sample was added into water (1:10) and kept 24 hours in room temperature. After 24 hours, the sample was sieved and centrifuged and collected samples result was treated 100% concentrations. To obtain 50% concentration, both hot and fresh samples were diluted with distilled water. Therefore the experiment was conducted with five different treatment concentrations (0, 50% hot water extracts, 50% fresh water extracts, 100% hot water extracts and 100% fresh water extracts). The experiment was comprised with RCBD design with three replications under control conditions. During experimental period the allelopathic effects of donor species on germination and seedling growth of ryegrass and canola was observed. Results shows, germination and seedling growth of both receiver species are inhibited by milk thistle extracts. Extracts from fresh water at 100% was more toxic to receiver species followed by 50% concentration of fresh and 100% from hot water extracts. This concentration reduced the root, shoot growth of ryegrass and canola 84.971%, 84.269% and 89.898%, 87.394%, respectively. The result also revealed that allelopathic pattern of hot water extracts was same however; it is less toxic to both receiver species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1.14007 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 2 (1): 62-67, June, 2012

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