scholarly journals Growth and biomass allocation of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2335-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOACYR BERNARDINO DIAS-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Light ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Full Sunlight

The growth and biomass allocation responses of the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and B. humidicola were compared for plants grown outdoors, in pots, in full sunlight and those shaded to 30% of full sunlight over a 30day period. The objective was to evaluate the acclimation capacity of these species to low light. Both species were able to quickly develop phenotypic adjustments in response to low light. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were higher for low-light plants during the entire experimental period. Low-light plants allocated significantly less biomass to root and more to leaf tissue than high-light plants. However, the biomass allocation pattern to culms was different for the two species under low light: it increased in B. brizantha, but decreased in B. humidicola, probably as a reflection of the growth habits of these species. Relative growth rate and tillering were higher in high-light plants. Leaf elongation rate was significantly increased on both species under low light; however, the difference between treatments was higher in B. brizantha. These results are discussed in relation to the pasture management implications.

scholarly journals Growth, biomass allocation and photosynthesis of Rolandra fruticosa (asteraceae) in response to shade

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr B. Dias-Filho ◽  
Aloisio F. Chagas Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Perennial Weed ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves ◽  
Shade Plants

The effects of shade on growth, biomass allocation patterns and photosynthetic response was examined for Rolandra fruticosa (L.) Kuntze, a common perennial weed shrub in cultivated pastures and agricultural areas of Brazilian Amazonia, for plants grown in full sunlight and those shaded to 30 % of full sunlight over a 34-d period. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were higher for shade plants during all the experimental period. Shade plants allocated significantly less biomass to root tissue than sun plants and relative growth rate was higher in sun plants. Sun leaves had significantly higher dark respiration and light saturated rates of photosynthesis than shade leaves. The apparent quantum efficiency was higher for shade leaves, while light compensation point was higher for sun leaves. These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of two tropical weeds to shade: I. Growth and biomass allocation

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 944-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacyr Bernardino Dias-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schultz (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich) Vahl. (Verbenaceae), two weeds found in pastures and crop areas in Brazilian Amazonia, were grown in controlled environment cabinets under high (800-1000 µmol m-² s-¹) and low (200-350 µmol m-² s-¹) light regimes during a 40-day period. For both species leaf dry mass and leaf area per total plant dry mass, and leaf area per leaf dry mass were higher for low-light plants, whereas root mass per total plant dry mass was higher for high-light plants. High-light S. cayennensis allocated significantly more biomass to reproductive tissue than low-light plants, suggesting a probably lower ability of this species to maintain itself under shaded conditions. Relative growth rate (RGR) in I. asarifolia was initially higher for high-light grown plants and after 20 days started decreasing, becoming similar to low-light plants at the last two harvests (at 30 and 40 days). In S. cayennensis, RGR was also higher for high-light plants; however, this trend was not significant at the first and last harvest dates (10 and 40 days). These results are discussed in relation to their ecological and weed management implications.

scholarly journals Análisis de crecimiento de tres especies de Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) de la selva baja caducifolia de Chamela, Jalisco

2017 ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Rincón ◽  
Pilar Huante ◽  
Mariana Álvarez-Añorve
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Location Patterns ◽  
Net Assimilation

The objective of this study is to assess the biomass allocation pattern s and growth characteristics of three species of Caesalpinia (Leguminosae) from the highly diverse and seasonal Chamela tropical deciduous forest , where the plant growth period is restricted to the rainy season. The studied species, although they are phylogenetically related, presented different biomass al location patterns and RGR during growth, in order to carry out a differential exploitation of resources and to promote their coexistence. There were differences in relative growth rate (RGR), root to shoot ratio (R/ S), net assimilation rate (E), biomass allocation patterns and total biomass and leaf area attained among the studied species. Caesalpinia eriostachys and C. platyloba showed similar growth patterns between them but contrasting with those of C. sclerocarpa. This suggests a temporal uncuopling of their maximum resource demand. RGR was determined to a greater extent by parameters related with E than by parameters related with the specific leaf area (SLA).

scholarly journals Growth and Photosynthetic Responses of Three Lycoris Species to Levels of Irradiance

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Meng ◽  
Ying Ge ◽  
Qianjin Cao ◽  
Jie Chang ◽  
Peng Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Lycoris species have appealing characteristics for potting plants, cut flowers, and landscaping decorations, including attractive foliage, which is very similar to that of cymbidium. Lycoris species have been extensively propagated and marketed in Asia. Understanding the response of Lycoris spp. to irradiance intensity will help the horticultural industry improve the production of potting plants of those species. We studied the responses of photosynthesis, growth, and biomass allocation of potted Lycoris spp. (L. chinensis, L. longituba, and L. sprengeri) bulbs grown under three levels of irradiance, i.e., 100%, 70%, and 30% full sunlight. We found that in terms of biomass production L. chinensis can be cultivated under all levels of irradiance studied from full to 30% sunlight. For L. longituba, high irradiance levels increased the rate of net photosynthesis. For both L. chinensis and L. longituba, the full sunlight treatment produced the most attractive plants characterized by shorter, wider, and darker green leaves, features that appeal to consumers. However, none of the growth traits of L. sprengeri were affected by the irradiance treatment over the entire experimental period. It can be concluded that potting plants of L. chinensis and L. longituba are best produced under full sunlight, whereas L. sprengeri can be produced under irradiance levels from 30% to full sunlight.

Cotton responses to different light–temperature regimes

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. ROUSSOPOULOS ◽  
A. LIAKATAS ◽  
W. J. WHITTINGTON
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
High Light ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Temperature Regimes

A series of experiments investigating the interactive effects of light and temperature on vegetative growth, earliness, fruiting, yield and fibre properties in three cultivars of cotton, was undertaken in growth rooms. Two constant day/night temperature regimes with a difference of 4 °C (30/20 and 26/16·5 °C) were used throughout the growing season in combination with two light intensities (75 and 52·5 W m−2).The results showed that significant interactions occurred for most of the characters studied. Although the development of leaf area was mainly temperature-dependent, plants at harvest had a larger leaf area when high temperature was combined with low rather than with high light intensity. Leaf area was least in the low temperature–low light regime. However, the plants grown under the high temperature–low light combination weighed the least.Variations in the number of nodes and internode length were largely dependent on temperature rather than light. Light did, however, affect the numbers of branches, sympodia and monopodia. The first two of these were highest in the high light–high temperature regime and the third in the low light–low temperature regime.All other characters, except time to certain developmental stages and fibre length, were reduced at the lower light intensity. Variation in temperature modified the light effect and vice versa, in a character-dependent manner. More specifically, square and boll dry weights, as well as seed cotton yield per plant, were highest in high light combined with low temperature, where the most and heaviest bolls were produced. But flower production was favoured by high light and high temperature, suggesting increased boll retention at low temperature, especially when combined with low light. Low temperature and high light also maximized lint percentage.Fibres were shortest in the high temperature–high light regime, where fibre strength, micronaire index and maturity ratio were at a maximum. However, the finest and the most uniform fibres were produced when high light was combined with low temperature.Cultivar differences were significant mainly in leaf area and dry matter production at flowering.

Compensating Effects to Growth of Changes in Dry Matter Allocation in Response to Variation in Photosynthetic Characteristics Induced by Photoperiod, Light and Nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kuppers ◽  
G Koch ◽  
H Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
High Light ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Leaf Ontogeny ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Long Photoperiod

High N-nutrition, high light and long photoperiod increased photosynthetic capacity (Amax) per leaf area of Raphanus sativus × raphanistrum. The effect of Amax on growth was enhanced by an increased fraction of dry matter partitioned into the shoot, resulting in a larger canopy. Low N-nutrition, low light and a short photoperiod reversed these responses. At intermediate combinations, such as low light and long photoperiod or high light and short photoperiod, Amax and the actual net photosynthesis per leaf area (A) neither correlated with the carbon uptake rate of the canopy as a whole nor with whole plant growth. A compensatory effect to growth of changes in dry matter partitioning in response to variation in photosynthetic characteristics induced by light and N-nutrition is discussed in terms of two competitive feedbacks. For growth a long photoperiod compensated for low light or low N-nutrition. The results indicate that extrapolations from rates to gains are only valid under defined environmental conditions, especially when different photoperiods and effects on leaf ontogeny are involved.

The Association of Biomass Allocation With Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Two Triticum aestivum Cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 751 ◽  
Author(s):  
RVD Boogaard ◽  
EJ Veneklaas ◽  
H Lambers
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Use Efficiency

We investigated traits that might improve performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a dry environment, and examined if the response to drought is different for cultivars with a contrasting biomass allocation pattern, using two cultivars with either a high (Katya) or small (Mexipak) proportion of biomass allocated to the leaves. Plants were grown in pots placed in the field, under well-watered conditions and under intermittent drought. Katya allocated a greater proportion of its biomass to both leaves and roots, and a smaller proportion to stems than Mexipak did. The growth rate of Katya was not higher despite a higher investment in leaf area and a slightly higher rate of photosynthesis, possibly due to concomitantly higher respiratory losses. Under well-watered conditions, the efficiency of water use for growth was higher for Katya than for Mexipak, due to a lower water use at a similar growth rate. Differences in water use per plant were determined by the rate of water loss or uptake, rather than by the amount of roots or leaves. A high water use efficiency was independent of growth rate. We conclude that a lower rate of water use due to a lower transpiration per unit leaf area linked with a high leaf area can contribute to improve the performance of wheat cultivars in a water-limited environment.

scholarly journals Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa ◽  
José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
Eduardo Alves ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Lower Plants

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of shading on the growth and development of the medicinal plant Ocimum selloi after 90 days. Seedlings were maintained under three different light treatments, namely, full sunlight vs coloured shade treatments provided by red and blue ChromatiNet® 50% coloured netting. After 90 days of cultivation, height, stem diameter, petiole length, total leaf area (TLA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of each plant hare measured. Microscopic examination of leaf sections were conducted in order to determine the leaf blade thicknesses, together with the size and density of the stomata, the number and area of chloroplasts, and chloroplast starch grains present in the palisade parenchyma cells. Although coloured shade-grown plants were taller in comparison with those grown in full sunlight, total dry biomass together with root, stem and leaf tissue biomasses were lower. Plants exhibited phenotypic plasticity, as demonstrated by the different TLA, SLA, LAR and LWR values that were recorded under the various light treatments. Stomatal density and leaf thickness was increased in plants maintained in full sunlight owing to the expansion of the abaxial epidermis and the spongy parenchyma. Chloroplasts were more numerous and larger in plants grown under shading, whilst the accumulation of chloroplastic starch grains was greater in plants grown under red shading or in full sunlight.

scholarly journals The effects of Solidago canadensis water extracts on maize seedling growth in association with the biomass allocation pattern

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao qi Ye ◽  
Jin liu Meng ◽  
Ming Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Water Extracts

Background Solidago canadensis L. is an aggressive exotic plant species in China that has potential allelopathic effects on competing plant species. Effects of hormesis are frequently observed in studies of allelopathy; however, the mechanisms of such effects need to be elucidated. Allelopathic compounds may affect the growth of recipient plants via alteration of biomass allocation patterns or photosynthetic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine how water extracts from S. canadensis affected the shoot and root growth of recipient plants and whether the underlying mechanism was related to the biomass allocation pattern or photosynthetic gas exchange capacity. Methods The water extracts from S. canadensis shoots at 12 different concentrations in the range of 0–0.25 g/ml were applied thrice in 9 days to maize seedlings cultivated in silica sand. The growth (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) and biomass accumulation and allocation (specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf mass ratio (LMR)) were compared among maize seedlings exposed to different treatment concentrations. Gas exchange (photosynthetic light response curve) was measured and compared among maize seedlings exposed to three concentrations of water extract (0, 0.0125 and 0.2 g/ml) before and after the first application, and seedling growth was measured after the third and final application. Results The growth of seedlings (shoot height, leaf length and area and root length) was promoted at concentrations below 0.125 g/ml and inhibited at concentrations above this level (P < 0.05). The pattern of change in biomass accumulation and allocation was similar to that of shoot growth, but biomass accumulation and allocation was not significantly affected by the water extract treatments (P > 0.05). The water extract treatments did not significantly affect the photosynthetic capacity (P > 0.05), but the dark respiration rate was higher in the low-dose treatment than that in the high-dose treatment. Shoot height was positively correlated with the biomass allocation indicators SLA and LAR (P < 0.05) but not with LMR (P > 0.05). Conclusions The results suggested that the effects of the water extracts from S. canadensis were highly dependent on the concentration, with the growth of maize seedlings promoted at low concentrations of water extracts. The effects of the water extracts on the growth of maize seedlings were mainly due to the effects on the LAR, the allocation to leaf area growth, whereas the effects of the water extracts on leaf gas exchange capacity cannot explain variation of seedling growth. Thus, the stimulation of plant growth was very likely due to increased biomass allocation towards the shoot.

scholarly journals Water Relations and Growth of Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint' as Influenced by Moisture Stress Conditioning

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 771E-771
Author(s):  
Brent M. Chapman ◽  
James E. Barrett ◽  
Terril A. Nell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
High Light ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Stress Conditioning

Catharanthus roseus `Cooler Peppermint' were grown under four different watering regimes [well-watered (WW), wilt plus 1 day (W+1), wilt plus 3 days (W+3), and wilt plus 1 day during the last 2 weeks only (L W+1)] and two different light levels [1100 and 750 μmol·m–2·s–1]. Stress treatments affected finished plant size and leaf area as well as stomatal conductance, water potential and time to wilt during two dry-down periods imposed at the end of an 8-week production cycle. W+3 plants were 50% smaller with 50% less leaf area compared to WW plants. During the second dry-down period, WW plants in high light wilted in 2 days vs 4 days for the W+3 plants. Similarly, WW plants in low light wilted in 3 days vs 6 days for the W+3 plants. The W+3 plants maintained significantly higher water potentials and greater stomatal conductances than the other treatments throughout both dry-down periods.

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