scholarly journals Valence makes a stronger contribution than arousal to affective priming

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7777
Author(s):  
Zhao Yao ◽  
Xiangru Zhu ◽  
Wenbo Luo
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Prime Target

Background Recent data suggest that both word valence and arousal modulate subsequent cognitive processing. However, whether valence or arousal makes a stronger contribution to cognitive processing is less understood. Methods The present study performed three experiments that varied the valence (positive or negative) and arousal (high or low) of prime-target word pairs in a lexical decision-priming task. Affective priming was derived from pure valence (Experiment 1), pure arousal (Experiment 2), or a combination of valence and arousal (Experiment 3). Results By comparing three types of priming effects, we found an effect of valence on affective priming was obvious regardless of whether the relationship of the prime-target varied with valence, arousal, or the combination of valence and arousal. In contrast, an effect of arousal on affective priming only appeared in the condition that based on the arousal relationship of the prime-target pair. Moreover, the valence-driven priming effect, arousal-driven priming effect, and emotional-driven priming effect were modulated by valence type but not by arousal level of word stimuli. Conclusion The present results revealed a pattern of valence and arousal in semantic networks, indicating that the valence information of emotional words tends to be more stable than arousal information within the semantic system, at least in the present lexical decision-priming task.

The cross-modal affective priming effect: Effects of the valence and arousal of primes

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Cheng Kang ◽  
Nan Ye ◽  
Fangwen Zhang ◽  
Yanwen Wu ◽  
Guichun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Visual Targets ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
Valence And Arousal ◽  
Affective Information

Although studies have investigated the influence of the emotionality of primes on the cross-modal affective priming effect, it is unclear whether this effect is due to the contribution of the arousal or the valence of primes. We explored how the valence and arousal of primes influenced the cross-modal affective priming effect. In Experiment 1 we manipulated the valence of primes (positive and negative) that were matched by arousal. In Experiments 2 and 3 we manipulated the arousal of primes under the conditions of positive and negative valence, respectively. Affective words were used as auditory primes and affective faces were used as visual targets in a priming task. The results suggest that the valence of primes modulated the cross-modal affective priming effect but that the arousal of primes did not influence the priming effect. Only when the priming stimuli were positive did the cross-modal affective priming effect occur, but negative primes did not produce a priming effect. In addition, for positive but not negative primes, the arousal of primes facilitated the processing of subsequent targets. Our findings have great significance for understanding the interaction of different modal affective information.

Evidence for Attenuated Affective Processing in Obesity

2008 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Wegener ◽  
Astrid Wawrzyniak ◽  
Katrin Imbierowicz ◽  
Rupert Conrad ◽  
Jochen Musch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Weight Loss Program ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Verbal Stimuli ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Affective Priming Task

Attenuated affective processing is hypothesized to play a role in the development and maintenance of obesity. Using an affective priming task measuring automatic affective processing of verbal stimuli, a group of 30 obese participants in a weight-loss program at the Psychosomatic University Clinic Bonn ( M age = 48.3, SD = 10.7) was compared with a group of 25 participants of normal weight ( M age = 43.6, SD= 12.5). A smaller affective priming effect was observed for participants with obesity, indicating less pronounced reactions to valenced adjectives. The generally reduced affective processing in obese participants was discussed as a possible factor in the etiology of obesity. Individuals who generally show less pronounced affective reactions to a given stimulus may also react with less negative affect when confronted with weight gain or less positive affect when weight is lost. Consequently, they could be expected to be less motivated to stop overeating or to engage in dieting and will have a higher risk of becoming or staying obese.

scholarly journals Reduced Sensitivity of Older Adults to Affective Mismatches

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Jiang ◽  
Victoria Vagnini ◽  
Jessica Clark ◽  
Qin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Target Pair ◽  
Repetition Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Positive And Negative Valence ◽  
Emotional Stroop Effect ◽  
Prime Target ◽  
Target Words

The present study investigated age-related differences in emotional processing by using a paradigm of affective priming. Eighteen, right-handed, younger (mean age 22) and 15 older (mean age 68) subjects pressed buttons to indicate pleasantness of target words. The valence of each prime-target pair was congruent (e.g., win-love), incongruent (e.g., love-loss), or neutral (time-flower). Two sets of 720 prime-target pairs used either affective words or pictures as primes, and affect words as targets. We included well-matched positive and negative valence pairs in all congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions, and controlled for possible contamination by semantic meaning, word frequency, and repetition effects. The response time (RT) results revealed that young participants responded faster to the targets in affectively congruent conditions than in incongruent conditions. In older participants, the responses to target words were indifferent to all valence congruency conditions. The age effect in affective priming largely reflects reduced sensitivity to affective mismatches among older adults. Intriguingly, emotional Stroop effect and some perceptual priming have been linked to increased interferences and mismatches in older adults. The age-related changes in affective, perceptual, and semantic processes are discussed.

Gender Differences in the Sensitivity to Negative Stimuli: Cross-Modal Affective Priming Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gohier ◽  
C. Senior ◽  
P.J. Brittain ◽  
N. Lounes ◽  
W. El-Hage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Negative Condition ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Affective Priming Task

AbstractBackgroundThere is evidence showing that men and women differ with regard to the processing of emotional information. However, the mechanisms behind these differences are not fully understood.MethodThe sample comprised of 275 (167 female) right-handed, healthy participants, recruited from the community. We employed a customized affective priming task, which consisted of three subtests, differing in the modality of the prime (face, written word, and sound). The targets were always written words of either positive or negative valence. The priming effect was measured as reaction time facilitation in conditions where both prime and target were emotional (of the same positive or negative valence) compared with conditions where the emotional targets were preceded by neutral primes.ResultsThe priming effect was observed across all three modalities, with an interaction of gender by valence: the priming effect in the emotionally negative condition in male participants was stronger compared with females. This was accounted for by the differential priming effect within the female group where priming was significantly smaller in the emotionally negative conditions compared with the positive conditions. The male participants revealed a comparable priming effect across both the emotionally negative and positive conditions.ConclusionReduced priming in negative conditions in women may reflect interference processes due to greater sensitivity to negative valence of stimuli. This in turn could underlie the gender-related differences in susceptibility to emotional disorders.

Eyeblink Activity in a Word-Naming Task as a Function of Semantic Priming and Cognitive Load

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Ohira
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Target Word ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Naming Speed ◽  
Prime Word ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Prime Target

Eyeblink activity was examined based on a discrete-trial paradigm in which 17 subjects engaged in a semantic priming task. They were presented a series of pairs of words (prime and target) associatively related or associatively unrelated and were required to name them as quickly as possible. Cognitive load or difficulty of naming of the target word was also manipulated. The latency data for naming of the target word showed a typical priming effect, namely, facilitation of naming speed by the associatively related prime word. The eyeblink rate changed synchronically to onset of stimuli as a function of prime-target relationship and cognitive load during the task. Specifically, the eyeblink rate was suppressed during presentation of the target word and peaked just after that. This study showed that suppression of eyeblinks was longer on trials with high cognitive loads than on those with low cognitive loads and the peak of eyeblink rate was higher on trials for which the prime and target were unrelated than on those for which they were related. These results suggested that the eyeblink activity is influenced by inner cognitive processes of word recognition.

Beyond Demand: Investigating Spontaneous Evaluation of Chord Progressions with the Affective Priming Paradigm

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Müller ◽  
Julian Klein ◽  
Thomas Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Priming Paradigm ◽  
Evaluative Processes ◽  
Person Variable ◽  
Prime Target

We assume that evaluative processes in response to musical stimuli can occur spontaneously without explicit demand, and that these responses are important for the emergence of emotions evoked by music. Two versions of the affective priming paradigm served to study spontaneous evaluation of music. In Experiment 1, a lexical decision task (LDT) and in Experiments 2 and 3, an evaluative decision task (EDT) was employed. A total of 20 original four-part, five-chord piano sequences with no specified harmonic resolution were used as primes. During the LDT, congruency in valence of prime-target pairs did not affect response times to the targets. However, for the EDT, significant effects of priming were obtained, indicating that spontaneous evaluations of primes must have occurred. No moderating influences of music expertise or any other person variable on spontaneous evaluation were observed. The diverging results of LDT and EDT point to the possibility that spontaneous evaluative processes are sensitive to context manipulations. Results are discussed with reference to harmonic and semantic priming studies.

scholarly journals Priming with skin-problems increases fear of clusters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risako Shirai ◽  
Hirokazu Ogawa
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Skin Disease ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Negative Events ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractTrypophobia is induced by viewing multiple clustered objects. To date, several studies have investigated why certain people experience discomfort when looking at clustered patterns. Recently, “involuntary protection against dermatosis” (IPAD) hypothesis was proposed to explain the causes of trypophobia. The IPAD hypothesis suggests that involuntary aversive responses to skin diseases cause discomfort in response to image clusters. However, this idea has not been fully investigated empirically. Therefore, the present study used a modified version of the priming procedure and tested whether the activation of the concept of skin-related diseases affected the evaluation of trypophobic images. In Experiment 1, participants engaged in a lexical decision task in which words related to skin problems, negative events, or neutral events were presented. Then, they evaluated the discomfort of trypophobic, negative, and neutral images. The results indicated that participants evaluated trypophobic images as more discomforting after they were exposed to skin-problem-related words, whereas the exposure to words related to skin-problems did not enhance the discomfort of negative images. These findings demonstrate that the association with skin-related problems increases the discomfort of trypophobic images. In Experiment 2, we further tested the reproducibility of the priming effect observed in Experiment 1 and investigated the effect of priming with words related to COVID-19 in the context of a spreading infection. Contrary to predictions, no priming effect was produced by either skin-related words or COVID-19-related words. Future studies should further explore the causal relationship of the association between skin disease and trypophobia.

Age Stereotypes in Younger and Older Women: Analyses of Accommodative Shifts with a Sentence-Priming Task

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Jochen Brandtstädter
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Unrelated Word ◽  
Affective Priming ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Semantic Priming Effect

A sentence-priming technique was used to examine whether older women (N = 39) share a more positive view of aging than younger women (N = 35). Situationally specified statements about older and younger persons were presented, followed either by a semantically related word, an unrelated word of the same valence, or a nonword. The accessibility of target words was measured by reaction times in a lexical decision task. Whereas a semantic priming effect for negatively connoted materials emerged for both groups, a priming effect for positively connoted materials was found for older women only. Furthermore, an affective priming effect was found for the older group, i.e., older women tended to respond relatively faster (slower) to semantically unrelated positive (negative) words following a sentence about an older person. The results are discussed within a coping-theoretical framework.

Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

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