scholarly journals The accumulation of Mn and Cu in the morphological parts of Solidago canadensis under different soil conditions

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bielecka ◽  
Elżbieta Królak

Solidago canadensis L. is a drought-tolerant, invasive plant, characterized by a large biomass of underground and aboveground parts. The aim of this study was to assess the accumulation of manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) in the roots and rhizomes and the stems, leaves, and inflorescence parts in S. canadensis from two locations that differed in soil pH, organic carbon, and Mn and Cu concentrations. The concentration of the metals in the samples was determined by the AAS method; the pH was determined by the potentiometric method; and the content of organic carbon was determined using Tiurin’s method. The concentration of Mn and Cu in the roots of S. candensis correlated with the concentrations of the metals in the soil without regard to the soil condition or its organic carbon content. With a low soil pH and organic carbon content, Mn accumulation per 1 ramet in the aboveground parts of S. canadensis consisted over 50% of the total Mn content in the plant. In neutral or alkaline soils, the amount of Mn per 1 ramet accumulated in underground parts was over 60%. Regardless of the soil conditions, about 35% of Mn accumulated in rhizomes. Approximately 60% of copper accumulated in the underground parts of S. candensis (45% in rhizomes) without regard to the soil reaction or organic carbon content. The ability of the plant to accumulate large amounts of metals disposes Solidago canadensis as a candidate for the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1970-1974
Author(s):  
R. C. Gowda ◽  
P. Veeranagappa ◽  
B. Gayathri ◽  
D. C. Hanumanthappa ◽  
Muneshwar Singh

A long term fertilizer experiment (30 years) at Bengaluru had been started during 1986 with eleven treat-ments and four replications in an Alfisol on finger millet (Elusine coracana) maize (Zea mays) cropping sequence. The results of the ongoing experiment after 27 cycles of finger millet and maize on changes in soil chemical proper-ties revealed that application of inorganics alone resulted in impaired soil fertility status (soil pH, organic carbon con-tent and available nutrients in soil were decreased) over balanced fertilizer application. There was a decline in soil reaction over the initial status and the maximum decrease was observed in 100 % NP (-1.46), 100 % N (-1.20) and other treatments. Application of 100 % NPK+FYM+lime maintained the soil pH (6.2) compared to all the other treat-ments. Organic carbon content of soil in all the treatments was higher (6.46 g kg-1) compared to the initial status; however, maximum increase in organic carbon content was registered on application of NPK+FYM. Application of 10 t ha-1 along with recommended dose of fertilizers and lime was found promising in term of sustaining crop and soil productivity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Oyeyiola Yetunde Bunmi ◽  
Omueti John Ajayi

Chemical fertilizers (CF) are the major input on arable farms in Nigeria. Current increasing rate of nutrient depletion in CF treated soils calls for the need to study their reactions in soils. To achieve this, three CF based treatments, namely NPK 15:15:15 applied at 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, Urea applied at 20 kg N ha-1  mixed with Single superphosphate at 40 kg P2O5 ha-1, and single superphosphate at 40 kg P2O5 ha-1  mixed with Gliricidia sepium leaves at 20 kg N ha-1  were studied. Sole lime (CaCO3) at 1 Mg ha-1 and a plot that received no amendment were compared. Cowpea was grown for two consecutive cropping seasons in 2012 and 2013 on the treated fields. The results indicated that CF reduced soil pH from initial 4.8 to 4.0. The NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer was the most severe of the CF tested, removing up to 133% alkalinity from the soil relative to lime. The NPK 15:15:15 reduced calcium saturation (from 25% to 21%) and magnesium saturation (from 12% to 8.3%) and increased acidity saturation (from 53% to 66%) with significant reductions in organic carbon content (from 13.2 g kg-1 to 11.0 g kg-1). Precaution including co-application of CF with organic materials such as Gliricidia sepium leaves can benefit for the soils.


2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamidpour ◽  
M. Afyuni ◽  
E. Khadivi ◽  
A. Zorpas ◽  
V. Inglezakis

Abstract A 3-year field study was conducted to assess effects of composted municipal waste on some properties, distribution of Zn, Cu in a calcareous soil and uptake of these metals by wheat. The treatments were 0, 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha-1 of municipal solidwastewhichwas applied in three consecutive years. The application of composted municipal waste increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the aggregate stability,the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity, whereas it slightly decreased the soil pH and bulk density. A significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Cu were observed with increasing number and rate of compost application. The distribution of Zn and Cu between the different fractions in untreated and treated soils showed that the majority of Zn and Cu were in the residual form. Finally, the levels of Zn and Cu were higher in grains of wheat grown in composttreated plots compared to that grown in the control plots.


2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizalli Saidy ◽  
. Badruzsaufari

High concentration of heavy metals is frequently observed as an effect of mining activity. In order to determine relationship between concentration of Cr(VI) in ex-mined land and soil chemical characteristics, 15 of soils were sampled from ex-coal and chromate mined-lands in the South Kalimantan Province. Result of the experiment revealed that soils from the ex-mined lands contained 700 - 2645 mg Cr kg-1 soil. This research also showed that 0,73-1,35% of total Cr in these soils exist in the form of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) that is toxic and carcinogen. Concentration of Cr(VI) in these soils were correlated significantly with soil pH in which increasing soil pH would lead to increase in concentration of Cr(VI). In addition, increasing in soil organic carbon will be followed by decreasing concentration of Cr(VI). Relationship between concentration of Cr(VI) and soil pH and organic carbon content could be useful for preliminary information for Cr reclamation of ex-mined lands.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
MB Hossain

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) farm, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during 2010-2011 to find out the effect of different water and organic residue levels on rice production and soil organic carbon content. Organic carbon rates from rice straw (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 t C ha-1 including control) were evaluated under alternate wetting and drying (AWD) and continuous flooding (CF) systems. Each treatment also received the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers excluding control. Factorial experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design with three replications. Results revealed that, maximum plant height, filled grains per tiller, 1000 grains weight, grain and straw yield were also observed in continuous flooding system in combination with 2.0 t C ha-1 in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Combined use of chemical fertilizers, 2.0 t C ha-1 fresh rice straw and continuous flooding system performed better results to reduce CO2-C gas emission, increased organic carbon and rice production with maintaining optimum soil pH level. Continuous flooding with 2.0 t C ha-1 as fresh rice straw is an effective way to reduce CO2-C emission, optimize soil pH and contribute to sustainable rice production for food security.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(1): 45-53, 2018 (June)


Author(s):  
Y. Kavya ◽  
N. Trimurtulu ◽  
A. Vijaya Gopal ◽  
P. Madhu Vani ◽  
N. V. V. S. D. Prasad

The experiment was conducted in kharif, 2018 at ARS, Amaravathi, Guntur district, to find the efficiency of carrier based microbial consortia. In sorghum carrier based microbial consortia was applied along with different doses of chemical fertilizers. Microbial consortium-1 (Azospirillium, P-solubilizer, K-releaser, Zn-solubilizer and PGPR isolate), Microbial consortium-2 (Azotobacter, Azospirillium, P-solubilizer, K-releaser, Zn-solubilizer and PGPR isolate) were used in the study. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were recorded during different intervals of crop growth. The treatments with microbial consortia and 75% Recommended Dose of Fertilizers (RDF) showed increased available nutrients content. Soil pH was neutralized in the microbial consortia added treatments, while in treatments with RDF alone the pH was more. There was a significant increase in organic carbon content in treatments with microbial consortia and 75% RDF. Highest available nutrients and organic carbon content was observed in T10 (75% RDF+ Microbial consortium-2). The organic carbon content improved gradually during the crop period and highest was at harvesting stage. All the soil physicochemical properties were improved by the microbial consortia with decreased doses of chemical fertilizers compared to the treatments added with chemical fertilizers alone.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3619-3633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatab Abdalla ◽  
Pauline Chivenge ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Vincent Chaplot

Abstract. The management of agroecosystems plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle with soil tillage leading to known organic carbon redistributions within soils and changes in soil CO2 emissions. Yet, discrepancies exist on the impact of tillage on soil CO2 emissions and on the main soil and environmental controls. A meta-analysis was conducted using 46 peer-reviewed publications totaling 174 paired observations comparing CO2 emissions over entire seasons or years from tilled and untilled soils across different climates, crop types and soil conditions with the objective of quantifying tillage impact on CO2 emissions and assessing the main controls. On average, tilled soils emitted 21 % more CO2 than untilled soils, which corresponded to a significant difference at P<0.05. The difference increased to 29 % in sandy soils from arid climates with low soil organic carbon content (SOCC < 1 %) and low soil moisture, but tillage had no impact on CO2 fluxes in clayey soils with high background SOCC (> 3 %). Finally, nitrogen fertilization and crop residue management had little effect on the CO2 responses of soils to no-tillage. These results suggest no-tillage is an effective mitigation measure of carbon dioxide losses from dry land soils. They emphasize the importance of including information on soil factors such as texture, aggregate stability and organic carbon content in global models of the carbon cycle.


Weed Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Szmigielski ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Frederick A. Holm ◽  
Ken L. Sapsford

Using an oriental mustard root length bioassay, thiencarbazone bioavailability and dissipation in five Saskatchewan soils was investigated under laboratory conditions. Thiencarbazone bioavailability was assessed at 0 to 3.9 µg ai kg−1. Thiencarbazone concentrations corresponding to 50% inhibition (I50values) obtained from dose-response curves varied from 0.56 to 1.71 µg kg−1. Multiple regression analysis indicated that organic carbon content (P = 0.018) and soil pH (P = 0.017) predicted thiencarbazone bioavailability. Thiencarbazone dissipation was examined in soils incubated at 23 C and moisture content of 85% field capacity. Thiencarbazone half-lives estimated from dissipation curves were 9 to 50 d, and organic carbon content (P = 0.002) and soil pH (P = 0.008) were significant factors affecting thiencarbazone dissipation. Thiencarbazone bioavailability decreases and dissipation rate is slower in Canadian prairie soils of high organic matter content and low soil pH. Because root length of oriental mustard plants also was reduced by ammonium, therefore ammonium-containing or -producing fertilizers can cause false positive results for thiencarbazone soil residues. Canaryseed roots had the same sensitivity to ammonium as oriental mustard roots but were not inhibited by thiencarbazone. Therefore canaryseed root length bioassay was effective in identifying inhibition caused by ammonium toxicity. Use of oriental mustard root and canaryseed root bioassays together can aid in interpreting bioassay results for detection of thiencarbazone residues.


2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Tóth József Attila ◽  
Döbröntey Réka ◽  
Szegi Tamás ◽  
Michéli Erika ◽  
Csorba Ádám

Szervesszén térképezést segítő módszertani kutatásként vizsgáltuk egy szántóföldi művelés alatt álló terület, 3 mélységből származó mintáinak MIR reflektanciáját, illetve szervesszén tartalmát (Walkley-Black). Ezt követően a spektroszkópia mérések eredményeit használtuk a talaj szervesszén-mennyiségének (TOC %) becslésére. Tettük ezt 3 mintakijelölési módszer (Kennard-Stone Sampling - KSS, K-means Sampling - KMS, Latin Hypercube Sampling - LHS) bevonásával, az így kijelölt kalibrációs mintákkal a PLSR modell segítségével becslést végeztünk az adathalmaz további értékeire. Annak érdekében, hogy tábla szintű szervesszén meghatározás során teszteljük becslési pontosságukat, a modellek reprezentativitását – különböző validációs/kalibrációs arány esetén – statisztikai mutatókkal (R2, RMSE) ellenőriztük.Az eredményekben részleteiben vizsgáltuk a különböző becslési modellek reakcióját eltérő arányú kalibráció és validáció esetén. A modellek R2 és RMSE értékei alapján kijelöltük, hogy mely modellek működtek pontosan még alacsony kalibráció esetén is, illetve abszolút értelemben véve melyik modell volt leghatékonyabb.Az összehasonlítás eredményeként kijelenthető, hogy az általunk vizsgált talajkörülmények között a 30% alatti, valamint a 70% feletti mintaszámú kalibráció a mintakijelölési módszerek megbízhatóságának ingadozását eredményezte. Az összes minta 30%-val történő kalibráció esetén legjobb eredményt a KSS adta, így ez tekinthető a leggazdaságosabb módszernek. Az abszolút értékben vett legkisebb hibát a K-means sampling eredményezte, a minták 90%-val történő kalibrációt követően.Kijelenthető, hogy az alkalmazott módszertan esetünkben alkalmas volt – a reprezentativitás megtartása mellett – a szükséges minták számának, ergo a táblaszintű szervesszén-felmérés költségeinek csökkentésére. Továbbá a mintakijelölési módszerek becslési hatékonyságának összehasonlítására is megfelelt az általunk alkalmazott statisztikai vizsgálat. A módszertan a jövőben kiinduló alapja lehet hasonló jellegű kutatásoknak, valamint tábla szintű szervesszéntérképek elkészítésének. A szélesebb körű alkalmazást megelőzően a modelleket nagyobb varianciájú adathalmazok esetén is tesztelni szükséges.Within the framework of the present research, we mapped the organic carbon content of an arable area, during which we measured the MIR reflectance and organic carbon content (Walkley-Black) of the soil samples collected from the area at three different depths. Subsequently, the results of spectroscopic measurements were used to improve the estimation of the soil organic carbon content (TOC %). Three sample selection models were involved (KSS, KMS, LHS), and with the selected calibration samples, we estimated the additional values of the data set using the PLSR model. In order to test the accuracy of estimation for a table-level organic carbon determination, the representativeness level of the models was checked with statistical indicators (R2, RMSE) at different validation / calibration ratios.In the results, we thoroughly examined the response of different estimation models with different ratios of calibration and validation. Based on the R2 and RMSE values of the models, we determined which models worked precisely even at low calibration, and in absolute terms, which model was the most efficient.As a result of the comparison, it can be stated that under the soil conditions we examined, calibration with a sample number below 30% and above 70% caused significant fluctuations in the reliability of the sampling methods. Kennard-Stone sampling (KSS) gave the most precise results for calibration with 30% of all samples, thus it is considered the most economical method. The smallest error overall was given by K-means sampling after calibration of 90% of the samples.It can be stated that the methodology used in this study was suitable to reduce the samples required for analysis - while maintaining representativeness - therefore reducing the costs of the field-level organic carbon survey.Furthermore, the statistical analysis we used to compare the estimation efficiency of the sampling methods was also appropriate. The methodology we use may be the basis for similar research in the future, as well as for the production of table-level organic carbon maps. Prior to wider application, models also need to be tested for higher variance datasets.


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