scholarly journals Organ health and development in larval kingfish are unaffected by ocean acidification and warming

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e8266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Y. Frommel ◽  
Colin J. Brauner ◽  
Bridie J.M. Allan ◽  
Simon Nicol ◽  
Darren M. Parsons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing global ocean warming and ocean acidification. The early life stages of some marine fish are vulnerable to elevated ocean temperatures and CO2 concentrations, with lowered survival and growth rates most frequently documented. Underlying these effects, damage to different organs has been found as a response to elevated CO2 in larvae of several species of marine fish, yet the combined effects of acidification and warming on organ health are unknown. Yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, a circumglobal subtropical pelagic fish of high commercial and recreational value, were reared from fertilization under control (21 °C) and elevated (25 °C) temperature conditions fully crossed with control (500 µatm) and elevated (1,000 µatm) pCO2 conditions. Larvae were sampled at 11 days and 21 days post hatch for histological analysis of the eye, gills, gut, liver, pancreas, kidney and liver. Previous work found elevated temperature, but not elevated CO2, significantly reduced larval kingfish survival while increasing growth and developmental rate. The current histological analysis aimed to determine whether there were additional sublethal effects on organ condition and development and whether underlying organ damage could be responsible for the documented effects of temperature on survivorship. While damage to different organs was found in a number of larvae, these effects were not related to temperature and/or CO2 treatment. We conclude that kingfish larvae are generally vulnerable during organogenesis of the digestive system in their early development, but that this will not be exacerbated by near-future ocean warming and acidification.

scholarly journals Impacts of the Marine Hatchery Built Environment on Mucosal Microbiome Colonization Across Ontogeny in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola Lalandi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah Minich ◽  
Barbara Nowak ◽  
Abigail Elizur ◽  
Rob Knight ◽  
Stewart Fielder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi ◽  
Microbiome Development

Abstract BackgroundMicrobial succession in vertebrates has primarily focused on vertical transmission and ontogenetic development in the mammalian gut. Teleosts comprise the majority of vertebrate diversity, yet little is known about how the microbiome develops in fish, particularly when vertical transmission is limited or absent for broadcast spawners. Biological factors such as diet, age, phylogeny, and trophic level along with environmental factors such as water salinity, temperature, and depth have been shown to influence the mucosal microbiomes of fish. Here we investigate how various microbial-rich surfaces from the built environment ‘BE’ influence the development of the mucosal microbiome (gill, skin, and digesta) of an economically important marine fish, yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, over time.ResultsFor the first experiment, we sampled gill and skin microbiomes from 36 fish reared in three tank conditions, and demonstrate that the gill is more influenced by the surrounding environment than the skin. In a second experiment, fish microbiomes (gill, skin, and digesta) and the BE (tank side, water, inlet pipe, airstones, and air diffusers) were sampled from indoor reared fish at three ages (43 dph, 137 dph, 430 dph; n=12 per age). At 430 dph, 20 additional fish were sampled from an outdoor ocean net pen. A total of 304 samples were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gill and skin alpha diversity increased while gut diversity decreased with age. Diversity was much lower in fish from the ocean net pen compared to indoor fish. We quantified the change in community dynamics driven by the BE and show that the gill and skin are most influenced by the BE early in development, with aeration equipment having more impact in later ages, while the gut microbiome becomes increasingly differentiated from the environment over time.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that fish mucosal microbiomes are differentially influenced by the built environment with a high turnover and rapid succession occurring in the gill and skin while the gut microbiome is more stable. We demonstrate how individual components of a hatchery system, especially aeration equipment, may contribute directly to microbiome development in a marine fish. In addition, results demonstrate how early life (larval) exposure to stressors in the rearing environment may influence fish microbiome development which is important for animal health and aquaculture production.

scholarly journals Impacts of the Marine Hatchery Built Environment, Water and Feed on Mucosal Microbiome Colonization Across Ontogeny in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremiah J. Minich ◽  
Barbara Nowak ◽  
Abigail Elizur ◽  
Rob Knight ◽  
Stewart Fielder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi ◽  
Microbiome Development ◽  
Over Time

The fish gut microbiome is impacted by a number of biological and environmental factors including fish feed formulations. Unlike mammals, vertical microbiome transmission is largely absent in fish and thus little is known about how the gut microbiome is initially colonized during hatchery rearing nor the stability throughout growout stages. Here we investigate how various microbial-rich surfaces from the built environment “BE” and feed influence the development of the mucosal microbiome (gill, skin, and digesta) of an economically important marine fish, yellowtail kingfish, Seriola lalandi, over time. For the first experiment, we sampled gill and skin microbiomes from 36 fish reared in three tank conditions, and demonstrate that the gill is more influenced by the surrounding environment than the skin. In a second experiment, fish mucous (gill, skin, and digesta), the BE (tank side, water, inlet pipe, airstones, and air diffusers) and feed were sampled from indoor reared fish at three ages (43, 137, and 430 dph; n = 12 per age). At 430 dph, 20 additional fish were sampled from an outdoor ocean net pen. A total of 304 samples were processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gill and skin alpha diversity increased while gut diversity decreased with age. Diversity was much lower in fish from the ocean net pen compared to indoor fish. The gill and skin are most influenced by the BE early in development, with aeration equipment having more impact in later ages, while the gut “allochthonous” microbiome becomes increasingly differentiated from the environment over time. Feed had a relatively low impact on driving microbial communities. Our findings suggest that S. lalandi mucosal microbiomes are differentially influenced by the BE with a high turnover and rapid succession occurring in the gill and skin while the gut microbiome is more stable. We demonstrate how individual components of a hatchery system, especially aeration equipment, may contribute directly to microbiome development in a marine fish. In addition, results demonstrate how early life (larval) exposure to biofouling in the rearing environment may influence fish microbiome development which is important for animal health and aquaculture production.

scholarly journals 20th century cooling of the deep ocean contributed to delayed acceleration of Earth’s energy imbalance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bagnell ◽  
T. DeVries
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Heat Content ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Ocean Heat Content ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
The Past ◽  
Historical Reconstructions

AbstractThe historical evolution of Earth’s energy imbalance can be quantified by changes in the global ocean heat content. However, historical reconstructions of ocean heat content often neglect a large volume of the deep ocean, due to sparse observations of ocean temperatures below 2000 m. Here, we provide a global reconstruction of historical changes in full-depth ocean heat content based on interpolated subsurface temperature data using an autoregressive artificial neural network, providing estimates of total ocean warming for the period 1946-2019. We find that cooling of the deep ocean and a small heat gain in the upper ocean led to no robust trend in global ocean heat content from 1960-1990, implying a roughly balanced Earth energy budget within −0.16 to 0.06 W m−2 over most of the latter half of the 20th century. However, the past three decades have seen a rapid acceleration in ocean warming, with the entire ocean warming from top to bottom at a rate of 0.63 ± 0.13 W m−2. These results suggest a delayed onset of a positive Earth energy imbalance relative to previous estimates, although large uncertainties remain.

Effects of recent thermal history on thermal behaviour, thermal tolerance and oxygen uptake of Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) juveniles

2021 ◽  
pp. 103023
Author(s):  
Ernesto Larios-Soriano ◽  
Ana Denisse Re-Araujo ◽  
Fernando Díaz ◽  
Laura L. López-Galindo ◽  
Carlos Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Thermal Tolerance ◽  
Yellowtail Kingfish ◽  
Seriola Lalandi

Assessment of ocean acidification and warming on the growth, calcification, and biophotonics of a California grass shrimp

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn B. Lowder ◽  
Michael C. Allen ◽  
James M. D. Day ◽  
Dimitri D. Deheyn ◽  
Jennifer R. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Grass Shrimp ◽  
Ocean Warming ◽  
Increased Temperature

Cryptic colouration in crustaceans, important for both camouflage and visual communication, is achieved through physiological and morphological mechanisms that are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Consequently, ocean warming and ocean acidification can affect crustaceans’ biophotonic appearance and exoskeleton composition in ways that might disrupt colouration and transparency. In the present study, we measured growth, mineralization, transparency, and spectral reflectance (colouration) of the caridean grass shrimp Hippolyte californiensis in response to pH and temperature stressors. Shrimp were exposed to ambient pH and temperature (pH 8.0, 17 °C), decreased pH (pH 7.5, 17 °C), and decreased pH/increased temperature (pH 7.5, 19 °C) conditions for 7 weeks. There were no differences in either Mg or Ca content in the exoskeleton across treatments nor in the transparency and spectral reflectance. There was a small but significant increase in percent growth in the carapace length of shrimp exposed to decreased pH/increased temperature. Overall, these findings suggest that growth, calcification, and colour of H. californiensis are unaffected by decreases of 0.5 pH units. This tolerance might stem from adaptation to the highly variable pH environment that these grass shrimp inhabit, highlighting the multifarious responses to ocean acidification, within the Crustacea.

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