scholarly journals Heritability of the extra-pair mating behaviour of the pied flycatcher in Western Siberia

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9571
Author(s):  
Vladimir G. Grinkov ◽  
Andreas Bauer ◽  
Helmut Sternberg ◽  
Michael Wink
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Pied Flycatcher ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Males and females take part in extra-pair copulations in most socially monogamous bird species. The mechanisms leading to the frequent occurrence of extra-pair offspring in socially monogamous couples are strongly debated and unresolved, and they are often difficult to distinguish from one another. Most hypotheses explaining the evolution of extra-pair reproduction suggest selective and adaptive scenarios for their origination and persistence. Is extra-pair paternity a heritable trait? We evaluated the heritability of extra-pair paternity in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nesting in Western Siberia. Estimated heritability was low: depending on the model used, the point estimate of the heritability (mode) varied from 0.005 to 0.11, and the bounds of the 95% confidence interval are [0–0.16] in the widest range. Thus, it seems that extra-pair mating behaviour in the pied flycatchers is a plastic phenotypic mating tactic with a small or no genetic component. Our data can help to understand the evolution of extra-pair mating behaviour in socially monogamous species.

scholarly journals Lifespan, lifetime reproductive performance and paternity loss of within-pair and extra-pair offspring in the coal tit Periparus ater

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1655) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Schmoll ◽  
Frank M Schurr ◽  
Wolfgang Winkel ◽  
Joerg T Epplen ◽  
Thomas Lubjuhn
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Coal Tit ◽  
Compatible Genes ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

The hypothesis that females of socially monogamous species obtain indirect benefits (good or compatible genes) from extra-pair mating behaviour has received enormous attention but much less generally accepted support. Here we ask whether selection for adult survival and fecundity or sexual selection contribute to indirect selection of the extra-pair mating behaviour in socially monogamous coal tits ( Periparus ater ). We tracked locally recruited individuals with known paternity status through their lives predicting that the extra-pair offspring (EPO) would outperform the within-pair offspring (WPO). No differences between the WPO and EPO recruits were detected in lifespan or age of first reproduction. However, the male WPO had a higher lifetime number of broods and higher lifetime number of social offspring compared with male EPO recruits, while no such differences were evident for female recruits. Male EPO recruits did not compensate for their lower social reproductive success by higher fertilization success within their social pair bonds. Thus, our results do not support the idea that enhanced adult survival, fecundity or within-pair fertilization success are manifestations of the genetic benefits of extra-pair matings. But we emphasize that a crucial fitness component, the extra-pair fertilization success of male recruits, has yet to be taken into account to fully appreciate the fitness consequences of extra-pair matings.

scholarly journals The role of genetic constraints and social environment in explaining female extra-pair mating

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiping Wang ◽  
Wolfgang Forstmeier ◽  
Katrin Martin ◽  
Alastair Wilson ◽  
Bart Kempenaers
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Genetic Constraints ◽  
Female Promiscuity ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

AbstractWhy females of socially monogamous species copulate with males other than their partner has been a long-standing, unresolved puzzle. We previously reported that female promiscuity appears to be a genetic corollary of male promiscuity (intersexual pleiotropy hypothesis). Here we put this earlier finding to a critical test using the same population of zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata. After three generations of artificial selection on male courtship rate, a correlate of extra-pair mating, we assess whether female promiscuity changed by indirect selection and we re-examine the crucial genetic correlations. Our new analyses with substantially increased statistical power clearly reject the hypothesis that male and female promiscuity are genetically homologous traits. Our study highlights that individual females show low repeatability in extra-pair mating behavior across different social environments. This emphasizes the potential importance of pair bond strength and the availability of favored extra-pair males as factors explaining variation in patterns of female promiscuity.

scholarly journals High level of extra-pair paternity in the socially monogamous Marsh Tits (Poecile palustris)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Yanhui Wei ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yiting Jiang ◽  
Keke Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asian Population ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Brachial Vein ◽  
Copulation Behavior ◽  
High Level ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Abstract Background Extra-pair copulation behavior has been widely studied among socially monogamous birds. Many species revealed high rates of extra-pair paternity. But few of the studies have been carried out in the Asian population. Methods From 2012 to 2019, we explored the extra-pair paternity of Marsh Tits (Poecile palustris) in Xianrendong National Nature Reserve, Liaoning Province, China. During the study, adult Marsh Tits were captured with mist nets and parental birds, with nest-box traps. Blood samples were taken from the brachial vein. Parentage analyses were carried out using nine highly variable microsatellite loci through Cervus 3.0 software and maximum likelihood approach. Results Forty-nine offspring (15.08%) from 20 nests (45.45%) were the results of extra-pair fertilization out of a total of 325 offspring in 44 nests. The average extra-pair offspring ratio was 33.54%, with a set varying from 11.11 to 71.43%. Nine extra-pair fathers had been successfully identified, four of whom were the close neighbors of the focus nest while the nests of the remaining five were relatively far. No significant difference was found in the genetic similarity between the social and extra-pair mates of the female, nor in the heterozygosis among the maternal half-siblings. Conclusions In general, our study proved that the extra-pair paternity in Marsh Tits and its extra-pair mating is independent of the genetic compatibility hypothesis. This complements the understudied bird’s extra-pair paternity in Asian area and contributes to the comprehensive insight of birds’ extra-pair paternity behaviors.

scholarly journals Male age is associated with extra-pair paternity, but not with extra-pair mating behaviour

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antje Girndt ◽  
Charlotte Wen Ting Chng ◽  
Terry Burke ◽  
Julia Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Male Age ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Intraspecific Variation in Courtship and Copulation Frequency: an Effect of Mismatch in Partner Attractiveness?

Behaviour ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 127 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Petrie ◽  
Fiona M. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Copulation Behaviour

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present a verbal theoretical model that could account for the among pair variability in courtship and copulation behaviour that occurs both during and after pair formation in socially monogamous species. We assume that copulation acts to prevent mate loss, by reducing the availability of an individual to other potential partners. Variation in copulation and courtship frequency then arises as a result of variation in the risk of mate loss. Because of the constraints on free or ideal choice, pairs will form in which it may be possible for one individual to improve upon the quality of its partner. In a mismatched pair it will pay the poorer quality mate to guard the higher quality individual and prevent it from leaving to pair with a better quality mate. The poor quality individual will therefore solicit copulations at a high frequency while it's partner may not always respond. We predict that high levels of courtship and solicitation will relate to a high risk of mate loss and that a lack of response by a partner will relate to the potential opportunities it has to improve on partner quality. Our thesis is that variation in mating behaviour arises as a result of any deviations from assortative mating that may exist in a population.

scholarly journals The degree of extra-pair paternity increases with genetic variability

1998 ◽  
Vol 95 (16) ◽  
pp. 9390-9395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Petrie ◽  
Claudie Doums ◽  
Anders Pape Møller
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Genetic Quality ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Random Priming ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Socially Monogamous

The amount of extra-pair paternity in socially monogamous bird species varies from 0% to 76% extra-pair offspring. The causes of this remarkable interspecific variation are largely unknown, although intraspecific analyses suggest that females seek extra-pair matings to improve the genetic quality of their offspring. If this is a general explanation for the occurrence of extra-pair matings, then proportionally more females should seek to modify the paternity of their clutch when there is more variation among males in their genetic quality. Here we test this prediction in birds and show that interspecific variation in the proportion of extra-pair offspring is positively related to the proportion of polymorphic loci as measured by protein electrophoresis, even when controlling for potentially confounding variables. Genetic variability was also assessed, for sister pairs of species and populations differing significantly in extra-pair paternity, by using random priming, which provides an estimate of genome-wide diversity. We found that genetic diversity was higher in the populations with a higher level of extra-pair paternity. These results suggest that the amount of genetic variability in a population may be an important factor influencing mating patterns.

scholarly journals Female and male plumage colour is linked to parental quality, pairing and extra-pair mating in a tropical passerine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana V. Leitão ◽  
Michelle L. Hall ◽  
Raoul A. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Plumage Colour ◽  
Honest Signal ◽  
Sexual Competition ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Parental Quality ◽  
Male Plumage ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

ABSTRACTSexual selection has been proposed to drive the evolution of elaborate phenotypic traits in males, which often confer success in competition or mating. However, in many species both males and females display such traits, although studies reporting selection acting in both sexes are scarce. In this study, we investigated whether plumage ornamentation is sexually selected in female and male lovely fairy-wrens Malurus amabilis, a cooperatively breeding songbird. We found that female and male plumage colour was correlated with parental quality but did not incur survival costs. We also found evidence of positive assortative mating based on plumage colour. Microsatellite analyses of paternity indicated that the lovely fairywren has high levels of extra-pair paternity, with 53% of offspring resulting from extra-pair mating. Female and male plumage colour did not predict reproductive success and female proportion of extra-pair offspring in its own nest, but less colourful males obtained higher extra-pair paternity. We argue that plumage colour may be under sex-specific selection, highlighting the importance of looking at both sexes in studies of sexual selection and ornament evolution. The current findings together with previous study, suggest that plumage colour in female and male lovely fairy-wrens appears to be an honest signal relevant in both intra and inter-sexual competition contexts.

scholarly journals When mothers make sons sexy: maternal effects contribute to the increased sexual attractiveness of extra-pair offspring

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1731) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Tschirren ◽  
Erik Postma ◽  
Alison N. Rutstein ◽  
Simon C. Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Maternal Effects ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Genetic Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Quality differences between offspring sired by the social and by an extra-pair partner are usually assumed to have a genetic basis, reflecting genetic benefits of female extra-pair mate choice. In the zebra finch ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we identified a colour ornament that is under sexual selection and appears to have a heritable basis. Hence, by engaging in extra-pair copulations with highly ornamented males, females could, in theory, obtain genes for increased offspring attractiveness. Indeed, sons sired by extra-pair partners had larger ornaments, seemingly supporting the genetic benefit hypothesis. Yet, when comparing ornament size of the social and extra-pair partners, there was no difference. Hence, the observed differences most likely had an environmental basis, mediated, for example, via differential maternal investment of resources into the eggs fertilized by extra-pair and social partners. Such maternal effects may (at least partly) be mediated by egg size, which we found to be associated with mean ornament expression in sons. Our results are consistent with the idea that maternal effects can shape sexual selection by altering the genotype–phenotype relationship for ornamentation. They also caution against automatically attributing greater offspring attractiveness or viability to an extra-pair mate's superior genetic quality, as without controlling for differential maternal investment we may significantly overestimate the role of genetic benefits in the evolution of extra-pair mating behaviour.

scholarly journals Extra-pair paternity in a long-distance migratory songbird beyond neighbors’ borders and across male age classes

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard R. Reitsma ◽  
James A. Jukosky ◽  
Alexi J. Kimiatek ◽  
Marrisa L. Goodnow ◽  
Michael T. Hallworth
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Socially Monogamous ◽  
Migratory Songbird ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Demographic Patterns

Roughly 90% of socially monogamous bird species exhibit some degree of extra-pair paternity (EPP), although the extent and the underlying mechanisms vary among species. We analyzed spatial and demographic patterns of EPP over a 6 year period (2005–2010) as part of a long-term population study of Canada Warblers (Cardellina canadensis (L., 1766)). We identified 12 microsatellite loci used to assess paternity for 185 nestlings from 61 nests. Extra-pair young (EPY) accounted for 41.6% of all nestlings and 57.4% of nests contained at least one EPY. Fewer than half of EPY were sired by males who shared territorial boundaries, and some males sired young in nests 1 km from their territory. The age of social males did not differ from males who cuckolded them. The majority (83%) of EPY were sired by males in older age classes (2+ years old), while <17% were sired by 1 year olds. Of the young sired by older males, 58.5% were sired by males 3–7 years old. Males that sired more EPY sired fewer within-pair young (WPY); those without EPY sired more WPY suggesting a possible fitness trade-off between these two strategies. Our findings suggest multiple age-based strategies within a single breeding population, as well as potential strategy shifts to maximize lifetime fitness as they age.

scholarly journals Multiple and Extra-Pair Mating in a Pair-Living Hermaphrodite, the Intertidal Limpet Siphonaria gigas

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L B Schaefer ◽  
John H Christy ◽  
Peter B Marko
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Paternity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Extra Pair Paternity ◽  
Pair Mating ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Extra Pair Mating

Synopsis Pair-living is a common social system found across animal taxa, and the relationship between pair-living and reproduction varies greatly among species. Siphonaria gigas, hermaphroditic pulmonate gastropods, often live in pairs in the rocky intertidal zone of the tropical Eastern Pacific. Combining genetic parentage analysis using four polymorphic microsatellite loci with behavioral observations from a 10-week field study, we provide the first description of the mating system of a Siphonaria species incorporating genetic data. S. gigas mated both within-pair and extra-pair and three out of four paired S. gigas individuals produced egg masses with extra-pair paternity. Multiple paternity was detected, but at a relatively low frequency (19% of egg masses) compared to other marine gastropods. Behavioral data indicate one potential advantage of pair-living: paired S. gigas produced almost twice as many egg masses as their solitary counterparts over four reproductive cycles. These observations, together with constraints on the movement of S. gigas, suggest that pairing may ensure mate access and increase reproductive success.

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